Present Perfect Present Perfect TenseTensepresent(now)futurepast Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时现在完成时主语主语 + have/ has + 过去分词过去分词（pp） 现在完成时的结构现在完成时的结构Winter has already come，will it still be far in spring ?主语主语 + have/ has + 过去分词过去分词（pp）否定形式否定形式 havent ( have not ） +过去分词过去分词 hasnt ( has not ) +过去分词过去分词疑问句疑问句 把助动词把助动词 have / has 放在句首放在句首 现在完成时的结构现在完成时的结构注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用hasYou have planted all the trees.I have planted all the trees.He/she has planted all the trees.They have planted all the trees. 区别区别have 和和 has的用法的用法主语若是第三人称单数助动词用主语若是第三人称单数助动词用has1、规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）、规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked visit-visited-visited (2)、以、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived 过去分词过去分词(3)、以、以“辅音字母辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为变为 “i”， 再加再加“ ed ”。 ， study-studied-studied cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped drop-dropped-dropped 2、不规则变化、不规则变化havehadhadam/iswasbeenarewerebeendodiddonegowentgoneseesawseenPresent perfect tense 现在完成时现在完成时v构成:v用法一：表示过去发生的某一动作表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果对现在造成的影响或结果. .现在完成时现在完成时, ,强调是强调是过去动过去动作与现在的联系作与现在的联系, ,也就是强也就是强调现在的影响和结果调现在的影响和结果. .have/has+ 过去分词过去分词v1.两个句子都表示过去发生的事；两个句子都表示过去发生的事；v2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；体的时间状语连用；v3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态,没有说明没有说明与现在的关系，它与表示过去的具体时间连用。与现在的关系，它与表示过去的具体时间连用。（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）presentpastI have lived here for two yearsI have lived here for two yearsI lived there 2 years agoI lived there 2 years ago现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时现在完成时: : 强调这一动作产生的结果对现强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果，在的影响或结果，与现在有关与现在有关。 一般过去时一般过去时: : 仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，过这一动作，与现在无关与现在无关。 他已学英语五年了。他已学英语五年了。 He has studied English for five years.他曾学过五年英语。他曾学过五年英语。 He studied English for five years.（说明他还会继续学下去）（说明他还会继续学下去）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）vIve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了我在这里住了10年。年。(现在仍住这儿现在仍住这儿)vI lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过我在这里住过10年。年。(现在不住这儿了现在不住这儿了)vHe has bought a house. 他买了一栋房子。他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子现在已拥有这房子)vHe bought a house ten years ago. 他他10年年前买了一栋房子。前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚清楚)一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。显的时间状语。 遇到遇到yesterday,Lastyear,inMay,in+过过去某一年，去某一年，twodaysago,theotherday,justnow等就用一般过去时等就用一般过去时(表过去的时表过去的时间间)当有当有sofar,in/during/overthepast/lastfewdays(在过去在过去/最近的几年里最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用等常用现在完成时现在完成时(不能与确定的时间不能与确定的时间)PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.A:火车已经开走了火车已经开走了.B:什么时候开走的什么时候开走的?A:半个小时之前开走的半个小时之前开走的.2.A:这本书我已经买了两年了这本书我已经买了两年了.B:你在哪儿买的你在哪儿买的?A:在我老家买的在我老家买的.3.A:你看过这部电影吗你看过这部电影吗?B:看过看过.A:什么时候看的什么时候看的.B:上周星期天看的上周星期天看的.A:Thetrainhasleft.B:Whendiditleave.A:Itlefthalfanhourago.A:haveyouseenthefilm?B:Yes,Ihave.A:Whendidyouseeit?B:IsawitlastSunday.A:Ivehadthebookfortwoyears.B:Wheredidyoubuyit?A:Iboughtitinmyhometown.现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，常与之连用的时间状语有：用，常与之连用的时间状语有： before, by now (so far), once, twice, just, recently yet(否否/疑疑), already(肯肯), ever, never, all ones life , in /during/over the past /last 5 years, （1）already肯定句肯定句:“己经己经”一般疑问句一般疑问句:句末句末(表示惊讶的语气表示惊讶的语气)“难道难道”Haveyouhadbreakfastalready？(表示强调)Ivealreadyhadbreakfast.(常见)=Ivehadbreakfastalready.(2)yet否定句否定句:句末句末“还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句:句末句末“己经己经”Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?Ihaventhadbreakfastyet.注意：注意：当在肯定句中含当在肯定句中含alreadyalready或或justjust，变否定时，在句末加，变否定时，在句末加yetyet。 I havent seen the film yet.Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.I have already seen the film. (3)ever肯定句肯定句/疑问句疑问句:句中句中“曾经曾经”IveeverbeentoBeijing. HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?(4)never否定句否定句:句中句中“从来没有从来没有”IveneverbeentoBeijing.注注:带带ever的的肯肯定定句句变变否否定定句句时时,将将ever变变neverHehasevermademeal.Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnevermademeal.带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”(5)just用于用于句中句中,表示表示“刚刚刚刚”Ivejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?(6)before用于用于句末句末,表示表示“以前以前”Iveseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?Exercisesv1. I _(have) lunch already.v2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet?v3.Tome _ never_ (be to ) China.v4. The twin _just _(see) my father.v5. The twins _(see) my father just now.v6. Many tall buildings _(build) in the past 5 years.have hadarrivedhasbeen tohasseensawhave been builtv用法二用法二： E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China.表示过去所发生的动作或存在表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。能还将持续下去。动词使用延动词使用延续性动词续性动词。常与常与forfor或或sincesince引引导的时间连用导的时间连用since:(自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句（句中的谓语动词为从句（句中的谓语动词为过去式过去式）ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for:(长达）达）for+时间段时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法的用法:Takenotes注注意意:对对for或或since引引导导的的时时间间状语提问状语提问必须用必须用_1.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?2.Shehasstoodheresince2hoursago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?howlong 选用选用for和和since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandpa has been dead _ several years.forsinceforsincefor6. Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years. 7. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. 8. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . 9. My friends havent visited me _my birthday. 10. We havent used our car _ a long time . 11. She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _years. 12. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old. for since forsinceforforsince注意注意:瞬间动词瞬间动词不能不能和和时间段时间段连用连用.瞬间动词瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy重点句型重点句型: It is/ has been+段时间段时间+since从句从句 段时间段时间+has passed+ since从句从句eg. 他死了两年了：他死了两年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died. v 这本书我借了一个月了。I borrowed this book a month ago.It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.用法三：用法三：havebeento曾经去过某地（已返回）曾经去过某地（已返回）havegoneto去了某地去了某地（还没有回来）（还没有回来）AB AB巧记：巧记：been to ，gone to 意不同，两者用法要记清；意不同，两者用法要记清； have been to + 地名，曾经到过某地行；地名，曾经到过某地行； have gone to + 地点，到某地去了已走远。地点，到某地去了已走远。 have been in + 地点，在某地呆多久。地点，在某地呆多久。have/hashave/hasbeentobeentohave/hashave/hasgonetogonetohave/hashave/hasbeeninbeenin 1. Bill _London , he will come back tomorrow.1. Bill _London , he will come back tomorrow. 2. A: Where are the twins? B: They _the cinema. 2. A: Where are the twins? B: They _the cinema. 3. I _Paris twice. He3. I _Paris twice. He never never there. there. 4. A: 4. A: you ever _America ? B: No , never . you ever _America ? B: No , never . 5. A: How long5. A: How long you you _China ? B: For one year. China ? B: For one year. 6. He left for England two days ago. He _there 6. He left for England two days ago. He _there for two days. for two days. has gone tohas gone tohave gone tohave gone tohave been tohave been tobeen tobeen tobeen inbeen inhas beenhas beenhavehas beenHave 用用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空填空：1.Where is your brother? He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice.3. Here you are at last! Where _ you _? I _ London.4. David _Australia. Im sure hes already arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.has gone toHave been tohave been tohave beenhave been tohas gone tohas gone tov典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming v (2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comevC. ever, come D. ever, have comeDB当堂检测当堂检测一、句式变换：（一、句式变换：（5分分,每空每空1分）分）1.JackhasvisitedChinabefore.(改为否定句）改为否定句）JackvisitedChinabefore.2.Theyhavecomeintotheclassroom.(改为一般疑问句）改为一般疑问句）comeintotheclassroom?3.Hehasbeenherefor12years.(划线提问）划线提问）hashebeenhere?hasntHavetheyHowlong1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意（改成反意疑问句）疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部对划线部分提问分提问) have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) （动词填空）（动词填空） has heHow long died has been deadCorrecting v1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.v2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.v3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.v4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.v5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatchv6. Ten years have passed since they got married.v7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.v8.What time have the factory opened?v9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice.hashas been indidopenbeen to()1.Youveneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,_?A.haventyouB.haveyouC.doyouD.dontyou()2.Ihavewatchedthegame.When_you_it?A.have;watchedB.do;watchC.did;watchD.will;watch()3.Mr.Green_inChinasincefiveyearsago.A.livedB.haslivedC.livesD.isgoingtolive()4.Hisgrandma_fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendeadBCBD()5.WhereisHanMeinow?She_toShanghai.Shewillbebackintwodays.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.goesD.hadgone()6._you_totheUnitedStated?No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsagoA.Have;beenB.Have;goneC.Did;goD.Do;go()7.Youhaventchangedyourmind,_?A.doyouB.areyouC.haveyouD.didyou()8.Howlonghaveyou_thefootballteamoftheschool?A.playedB.beenatC.joinedDbeenonAACD()9.Wherehaveyou_thesedays?Ihave_toKunmingwithmyfriends.Abeen,goneBbeen,beenCgone,beenDgone,gone()10.Howlonghaveyou_thisbook?A.boughtB.borrowedC.hadD.lent()11.Excuseme,_youseenthefilmyet?Yes,I_itlastnight.Ahave,seeBhave,haveseenChave,seenDhave,saw()12.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,_?A.isheB.isntheC.hasntheD.hasheBCDD1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew. have known .must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written BBCD5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see CCCB9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made BBDB 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been ACAA 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university ADCCA）用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:Where_LiFei_?B:He_toHainanIsland.A:Howlong_he_there?B:He_thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:Imafraidhewontcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_never_there.A:Howmanytimes_LiFei_tothatplace?B:He_thereonlyonce.hasgonehas beenhasbeenhas beenhavebeenhasbeenhas beenB)用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。1）-Where is Jack? -He _ his country.2）How long _ you _ this village?3）The Smiths _ Beijing for years.4）-_ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.5）I _ this school since three years ago.has been tohavebeen inhave been inHavebeen tohave been have been in汉译英汉译英 1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父亲以前到过长城。我父亲以前到过长城。 Jim has finished doing his homework already .He is free nowHe received a letter yesterdayMy father has been to the Great Wall before 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。她去过上海。 6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？他这些天上哪儿去了？ She hasnt seen the new film yet. She has been to Shanghai. Where has he been these days？Exercises vI am an American boy I came to China two years ago. I _(study) here for two years. My father often (take) me_ (play) football on the playground. Last week I _ (take) to the park by him. We saw a lot of monkeys (jump) in the tree. I heard a voice from behind When I (walk ) along the river. I thought myself. “It must_ (be) Mr. Brown. He _(take) photos.” We_ (enjoy) that day. We _ (go) back to America next week.have studied takesto playWas taken wakedjumpbeis takingenjoyedwill go