THE TENSES AND VOICES1.TheSimplePresentTense1)结构(Active)do;does(Passive)is(am,are)done2)主要用法：表示经常发生的动作和存在的状态。eg.Ioftencometoschoolearly.eg.Thereareover50,000differentcharactersinChinese.eg.Heisanengineer.Helooksyoung.表示主语的特征，性格和能力。表示客观事实，或普遍真理。eg.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.eg.Practicemakesperfect.在时间，条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作。（只限于表示起始或移动意义的动词。begin,come,leave,start,arrive,go,etc.eg.Illtellhimaboutitwhenhereturnshome.eg.Iwillfindoutwhenthetrainleaves.eg.TheplaneforSanFranciscotakesoffatthreep.m.3)与一般现在时连用的时间状语：everyday,onceaweek,often,twiceaweek,usually,always,seldom,sometimeseg.Igotothethecinemaonceaweek.eg.Sometimesweworkuntiltwelveoclock.1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted2.CanIhelpyou,sir?Yes.Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_.A.didntworkB.wontworkC.cantworkD.doesntwork3.-canIjoinyourclub?-youcanwhenyou_abitolder.A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot4.-Doyoulikethematerial?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltB.feelsD.isfelt5.I_pingpongquitewell,butIhaventhadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play6.Visitors_nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequestedA.persuadeB.willpersuadeB.C. be persuaded D. arepersuaded7.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople_toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.doesntgoB.nottogoC.notgoing D.dontgo8.ThereareeighttipsinDrRogerslectureonsleep,andoneofthemis:tobedearlyunlessyouthinkitisnecessary.9.Theearth_roundthesunin365days.A.movesB.movedC.hasmovedD.move1.Doyouoftencleanyourroom?2.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.Is your room often cleaned? English is spoken in many countries.2.TheSimplePastTense1)结构(Active)did(Passive)was/weredone2)主要用法：表示过去的动作或状态表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作也可用：usedto+v.would+v.eg.Heusedtohavetwobrothers.eg.Whenhewasfree,hewouldgoandhelpothers.在条件和时间状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。eg.ItoldhimIwouldlendhimmybikeifMr.Smithreturnedittomethenextday.3)一般过去时常与下列时间状语连用：yesterday,beforeliberation,in1960,twoyearsago,lastmonth,inthepast,theotherday,etc.eg.Ihappenedtomeethiminthestreettheotherday.1.Shesetoutsoonafterdark_homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived2.Yourphonenumberagain?I_quitecatchit.Its9568442.A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cantA.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised3.-Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe_!4.Youhaventsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit? ImsorryI_anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkitsprettyonyou.A.wasntsayingB.dontsayC.wontsayD.didntsayA.wasleaving B.hadleftB.C.C.hasleftD.left5.-IhearJanehasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.-Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenshe_?A.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmiss D.missed6.MymindwasntonwhathewassayingsoImafraidI_halfofit.1.Thetigerinthezoofrightenedthelittlegirl.2.Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.The little girl was frightened by the tighter in the zoo.He was given a medal for his wonderful work.3.TheSimpleFutureTense1)结构(Active)willdo(Passive)willbedone2)主要用法：表示将来的动作和状态。eg.ThefarmerswillbegintopickapplesnextMonday.eg.Itwillbeafinedaytomorrow.表示将来的其他用法：begoingto+v.表示打算，准备做的事，或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。eg.Howareyougoingtospendyourholidays?eg.Itsgoingtosnow.eg.Theresgoingtobealotoftroubleaboutthis.beaboutto+v.表示即刻要发生的动作。eg.Weareabouttoleave.*beabouttowheneg.Iwasabouttogoswimmingwhenluckilyourguidesawmeandshoutedatme“stop!”beto+v.表示安排或计划好的动作。eg.Anewhospitalistobebuiltinourdistrict.现在进行时表示按计划安排要发生的事。限于某些动词，如：leave,go,come,arrive,start,etc.eg.Myuncleisarrivingat3:30p.m.tomorrow.3)一般将来时常与下列时间状语连用：tomorrow,nextweek,inamoment,inthefuture,etc.eg.-Howsoonwillhebeback?-Hewillbebackintwoweeks.A.willneverreachB.haveneverreachedC.neverreachD.neverreached1.Letskeeptothepointorwe_anydecisions.A.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseeingD.haveoftenseen2.Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou_advertisementsshowinghappyfamiliesA.doyouB.willyouB.C.C.didntyouD.dontyou3.Alice.youfeedthebirdtoday,?ButIfedityesterday. 4.I_toLasVegasbeforeyou_backnextweek.A.amgoing;comeB.shallgo;comeC.amgoing;willcomeD.shallgo;willcome5.IwillgowithyouassoonasI_mywork.A.willfinishB.shallfinishC.finishD.havefinished1.Peoplewilllaughatyouifyouwearthatdress.You will be laughed at if you wear that dress.2.TheywontholdthemeetinguntilnextFriday.The meeting wont be held until next Friday.2.Thedoctorwillaskthepatientsomequestionsbeforehegiveshermedicine.The patient will be asked some questions before she is given the medicine. 4.ThePastFutureTense1)结构(Active)woulddo(Passive)wouldbedone2)用法说明：不能独立使用，通常用在宾语从句中，表示从过去某一点看，在将来发生的动作或存在的状态。eg.HetoldmethathewouldgotoBeijingthenextmonth.eg.AtthattimeIdidnotknowifhewouldbeabletofinishtheworkontime.5.ThePresentContinuousTense表示说话的时刻正在进行的动作。1)结构(Active)is/am/aredoing(Passive)is/am/arebeingdone2)主要用法：Whataretheydoing?Theyareplayinginthegarden.表示现阶段正在进行的动作,尽管此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。Leave,go,come,arrive,start,etc.表示将来发生的动作。限于一些表示起始和移动等意义的动词。例如：eg.Themanageristypinghislettersthesedays.eg.Heisateacherofphysics,butheisnowteachingmaths.eg.Thetrainisarrivingsoon.eg.Theyaregoingabroadforholidays.表示满意，称赞，关切，抱怨，不满等情感。常与always,forever,constantly,continually等词连用。eg.Heisalwayshelpingpeople.*现在进行时所表示的动作具有临时性，生动性，非完全性等特点。eg.HeislivinginBeijing.eg.Heiswalkingtoworkbecausehisbicycleisbeingrepaired.*表示知觉，状态，具有，感情类的动词，一般不可用于进行时态。如：know,see,love,remember,like,want,realize,etc.6.ThePastContinuousTense1)结构(Active)was/weredoing(Passive)was/werebeingdone2.主要用法：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。eg.Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?eg.Iwaswritingaletterwhenshecamein.表示过去某阶段在进行的暂时性习惯动作。eg.Heisadoctor,butatthattimehewasworkinginalaboratory.表示过去将要发生的动作，但只限于一些表示起始和移动意义的动词。eg.Ihadthoughtthathewascomingtoseemethenextday,buthedidnt.eg.WhenIgotthere,theywerepreparingfortheirtrip,astheywereleavingthatafternoon.表示过去打算实现，但没有实现的动作。eg.Iwascoming,butmycarbrokedown.表示刚才的情况。eg.Iwasaskingwhatyouthoughtofit.eg.-Canyougivemetherightanswer?-Sorry,Iwasntlistening.Wouldyoupleaserepeatthatquestion?描写故事的背景。eg.Oneday,wewerewalkingalongaroad,whichwentaroundthefootofthehill.Suddenly,wesawalittlegirlrunningquicklytowardsus.现在进行时,表示未来动作的用法同样适用于过去进行时。7.ThePresentPrefectTense1)结构(Active)have/hasdone(Passive)have/hasbeendone2)主要用法：表示发生在过去的动作到现在为止已经完成，或刚刚完成。eg.Hehasfinishedreadingthebooktoday.eg.TherehavebeengreatchangesinBeijinginthepasttwentyyears.表示发生在过去的动作一直延续到现在。eg.Theconferencehaslastedforfivedays.eg.Wehaveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.表示动作在过去完成，构成主语的经历。eg.IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes.eg.ThisisthefourthtimethatIhaveseenthefilm.Ilikeitverymuch.表示动作发生在过去，但对现在的情况产生影响。eg.Thankyou.Ihavehadmysupper.eg.Ihaveseenthefilm.在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来完成的动作。（表示这一动作先于另一动作。eg.IwillgoandseetheexhibitionassoonasIhavegottherecorderrepaired.eg.IwilllendthebooktoyouwhenIhavefinishedreadingit.表示一段时间内重复性习惯性动作。eg.Ihavealwayswalkedtowork.eg.Ihavegotupearlyallmylife.*瞬间动作的肯定式一般不可与表示一段时间的状语一起用于现在完成时。瞬间动词的否定式可以与表示一段时间状语一起用于现在完成时。eg.Hehascomeherefortwodays.eg.Hehasnotcomeherefortwodays.3)现在完成时常与下列时间状语连用：already,notyet,now,today,thismonth,thisyear,lately,justbefore,inresentyears,since,fortwoyears,duringthepastfewyears,fromthenon,sofar,upto/tillnoweg.Inthepasttwentyyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.8.ThePastPerfectTense1)结构(Active)haddone(Passive)hadbeendone2)用法说明：表示过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。eg.HehadalreadyleftwhenIgotthere.eg.Theyshowedusthemachinewhichtheyhadproduced.*若句子中含有before,after,assoonas,until等连词引导的时间状语从句，通常可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。eg.Afterhefinishedthetask,heleftforthenexttown.9.ThePresentPerfectcontinuousTense1)结构(Active)have/hasbeendoing(Passive)2)主要用法：表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行着。eg.Wehavebeenlisteningtotheradioforanhour.eg.-Youlooktired,dontyou?-Yes,Ihavebeenpaintingtheroom.10.ThePastPerfectContinuousTense1)结构(Active)hadbeendoing(Passive)2)主要用法：表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。eg.Ithadbeenrainingfortwodays.Thefieldswereallunderwater.eg.Atlasttheygotthetelegramtheyhadbeenexpecting.11.时态呼应时态呼应主句主句 从句从句现在或将来时现在或将来时任何时态任何时态eg.HeknowswhatIsaid.eg.LiLitellsmethatshellcome.主句主句 从句从句过去时过去时一般过去或过去进行一般过去或过去进行（表示主从句的动作同时发生）eg.Ididntknowyouwerestudyinghere.过去完成时过去完成时（表示从句动作发生在主句动作之前）eg.Hesaidhehadlosthiskey.过去时过去将来时（表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后）eg.Hetoldmehewouldgototheconcert.过去时现在时（从句表达的是客观真理）主句从句eg.Theteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeast.eg.Fathertoldmethatlighttravelsfast.*当从句含有某一具体的过去时间状语时，其谓语不用过去完成时。eg.Hetoldmehewasbornin1954.eg.Themansaidthathejoinedthearmyintheyear1964.-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted20.Shirley_abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdontknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting.Youhaventsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?ImsorryI_anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkitsprettyonyou.A.wasntsayingB.dontsayC.wontsayD.didntsayIwonderwhyJenny_usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hashtwrittenB.doesntwriteC.wontwriteD.hadntwritten_hesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.ItoldAsshethenewspaper,Grannyasleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fellYoudontneedtodescribeher.Iherseveraltimes.A.had met B.have met C.metD.meetIdontthinkJimsawme;heintospace.A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared-myglasses?Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.HaveyouseenHelenherkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandhome.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome-Howareyoutoday?-Oh,I_asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.AdidntfellB.wasntfeelingCdontfellD.haventfelt25.ThereportersaidthattheUFO_easttowestwhenbesawit.AwastravellingBtravelledChadbeentravelingDwastotravel.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.Sheataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.C.hadbeenworkingD.D.hadworked-WhoisJerryCooper?-?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.DontyoumeethimyetB.HadntyoumethimyetC.DidntyoumeethimyetD.HaventyoumethimyetTheprice,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdownB.B.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown Hey,look where you aregoing?Oh,Imterriblysorry.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticingD.Idontnoticing1.Ihavetoldhimthathedidntsatisfyhisexaminer.2.TheyaremakingthistypeofradiosinShanghai.3.Sheisgoingtoplaythematchtoday.4.Theyhavefoundwaystomakewastewaterclean.6.Theyarerepairingthecarinthegarage.5.Itsurprisedmetohearthattheywouldntgivehimaholidayafterhishardwork.