微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考专题一阅读理解之细节理解题微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考高考24话题之(一)：计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Stephen暑假要来你家玩三天，请给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他这三天你为他所做的安排。【写作话题写作话题】微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考I am glad_you will spend three days in my home in the_(come) summer vacation._the first day, you will_(show) around our city to visit some places of interest.【语法填空语法填空】thatcomingOnbe shown微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考My family is all happy to have you with us.The following is that we have arranged for you during the three days.You will enjoy local opera and taste variety of snacks, that I believe will impress you deep.答案is改为arethat改为whatvariety改为varieties；that改为which【语法改错语法改错】微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考Dear Stephen, I am glad that you will spend three days in my home in the coming summer vacation.My family are all happy to have you with us.The following is what we have arranged for you during the three days.On the first day, you will be shown around our city to visit some places of interest.On the second day, you will enjoy local opera and taste varieties of【范文背诵范文背诵】微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考snacks, which I believe will impress you deeply.During the last day, my family will hold a party for you and you can learn many traditional customs during the party.We have prepared a special gift for you, which we all think you will like very much.Looking forward to your early coming.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考根据范文画线部分仿写下面情景：终于有机会去度假了，我们都很兴奋。_我打算给我母亲买一件裙子作为生日礼物，这，我想，她一定会喜欢的。Im going to buy my mother a dress as a birthday gift, _.答案We all felt excited to have got a chance to take a holiday.which I think my mother will surely like【自主空间自主空间】微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考A(2016新课标乙卷)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?做真题做真题悟高考悟高考限时限时15分钟分钟微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考Rachel Carson(19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考Sandra Day OConnor(1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参参议议员员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考Rosa Parks(19132005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement.“The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考语篇解读本文是人物介绍文。文章主要介绍了几位著名的女性先驱，她们在各自的领域做出了非凡的贡献。1What is Jane Addams noted for in history?AHer social work.BHer lack of proper training in law.CHer efforts to win a prize.DHer community background.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考解析细节理解题。题干的关键词是Jane Addams，问的是：因为什么而闻名？带着关键词找到第二段，本段介绍Jane Addams的主要事迹。根据第一句“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.”我们可以推知，Jane Addams从事于social work。根据第二句“Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.”可知Addams的事迹是“帮助穷人”、“争取和平”、“鼓励社区意识”等，这些事迹可归纳出一个共同点，即：社会性工作。故选A。答案A微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考2What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?AHer lack of proper training in law.BHer little work experience in court.CThe discrimination against women.DThe poor financial conditions.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考解析细节理解题。此题考查因果关系，也是高考阅读理解细节信息题中最常见的。关键词是“OConnor”和“rejected”，问的是为什么被拒绝在法律事务所工作？备用选项是原因。我们在第三段中找到与题干意义相同的部分“.she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.”其原因自然是“因为她是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用”。故选C。答案C微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考3 Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US?AJane Addams.BRachel Carson.CSandra Day OConnor. DRosa Parks.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考解析细节理解题。解答这道题，需要我们通读全文，对四位女性的事迹进行比较分析，找到各自不同的工作领域。题干的关键词是“civilrights”，这个关键词在第五段中的“It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement.”找到，由此推知Rosa Parks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D。答案D微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考4What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?AThey are highly educated.BThey are truly creative.CThey are pioneers.DThey are peacelovers.解析推理判断题。根据文意对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。答案C微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考B(2016新课标甲卷)A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstandingundoubtedly firstrate photojournalismif they had been made last week.In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scotts last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the worlds imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.语篇解读本文属于记叙文。讲述了Frank的图片记录了一次不成功的航海活动，文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考5What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?AThey were made last week.BThey showed undersea sceneries.CThey were found by a cameraman.DThey recorded a disastrous adventure.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考解析细节理解题。题干问的是：关于Hurley的图片，我们了解到了什么？关键词是“the photos taken by Hurley”，按照文章的自然段落顺序，我们在第二段找到这些关键词。尤其是第二段第二句“they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck.”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故D项正确。答案D微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考6Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?AFrank Hurley.BErnest Shackleton.CRobert Falcon Scott. DCaroline Alexander.微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考解析细节理解题。题干问：是谁首先到达过南极的？题干中没有特殊的关键词，按照自然段落的顺序，我们在第三段中找到相关内容，仔细阅读这一段，我们发现最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole.”点明了答案，这句话中的过去完成时对于判断最佳答案也有帮助作用，由此可知首先到达南极的是Captain Scott。故最佳答案是C项。答案C微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考7What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?AArtistic creation.BScientific research.CMoney making.DTreasure hunting.解析细节理解题。题干问：Alexander认为1914年的南极航行的目的是什么？关键词是“Alexander”，带着这个关键词，在最后一段找到“As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.”由此可知，微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考Alexander认为即使是The Endurance航行去南极那个时代，冒险完全是一种商业性的行为；再根据文章倒数第二句“Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C项正确。答案C微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考文文章章主主题题和和中中心心思思想想的的阐阐述述往往往往需需要要大大量量细细节节信信息息的的支支持持，这这些些细细节节对对于于理理解解全全文文内内容容至至关关重重要要，同同时时也也是是归归纳纳和和概概括括文文章章中中心心思思想想的的基基础础。命命题题人人往往往往会会要要求求考考生生根根据据不不同同的的要要求求阅阅读读文文章章，以以获获得得某某些些特特定定的的信信息息，或或准准确确地地寻寻求求所所需需的的细细节节，并并对对细细节节进进行行直直接接或或间间接接的的辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：探考点探考点攻难点攻难点微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考1一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。这类题属于浅层次的阅读试题，难度小，区分度小，所以这类试题在未来高考中出现率极少甚至没有。微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考2语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达这类题。这类题属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。例如第2题中的题干中的was rejected是对原文中“could not find work”的语义转换；最佳选项C.The discrimination against women.是对“because she was a woman”的变式解释。微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考3语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。这类题属于较高难度的事实细节题，区分度很大。例如第3题，我们只有通过全文对四位伟大女性不同的贡献领域进行分析比较才能选出符合题干要求的最佳答案。微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考【设问角度设问角度】细节理解题的主要设问方式有：细节理解题的主要设问方式有：1特特定定疑疑问问句句形形式式。以以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。如：等疑问词开头引出的问题。如：What can we learn about.from the passage?What is the reason that.?What do we know about.?How did.?Why was/did.?微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考2以以“A(a)ccording to.”开开头头或或结结尾尾的的提提问问形形式式。如：如：Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考【选项特点选项特点】1最佳选项的特征最佳选项的特征(1)同同义义替替换换。对对原原文文句句子子的的关关键键词词进进行行同同义义替替换换。有有时时候候词词性性或或语语态态有有所所变变化化。把把原原文文的的一一些些词词变变换换一一下下词词性性，如如把把important改改成成of importance；改改变变原原文文中中句子的语态，即：主动语态与被动语态的转换。句子的语态，即：主动语态与被动语态的转换。微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考(2)语语言言简简化化。把把原原文文中中的的复复杂杂语语言言现现象象进进行行简简化化，设设置置为为答答案案。比比如如第第1题题中中的的选选项项A.Her social work.是是对对原原文文“Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社社区区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.”的一个简化归纳。的一个简化归纳。(3)正正话话反反说说。把把原原文文中中的的意意思思反反过过来来表表达达而而为为最最佳佳选项。选项。微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考2干扰选项的特征(1)颠倒黑白错误。选项中的事件、人物、时间和地点与原文的相关信息明显相悖。例如第5题中的A项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurleys pictures.undoubtedly firstrate photojournalismif they had been made last week.”可知“如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。”实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明A项明显错误。微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考(2)张张冠冠李李戴戴。命命题题者者把把文文章章作作者者的的观观点点与与他他人人的的观观点点混混淆淆起起来来，题题干干问问的的是是作作者者的的观观点点，选选项项中中出出现现的的却却是是他他人人的的观观点点；或或者者题题干干问问的的是是他他人人的的观观点点，却却把把作作者者的的观观点点放放到到选选项项中中去去。例例如如第第3题题中中的的A.Jane Addams，B.Rachel Carson和和C.Sandra Day OConnor.都都属属于于“张冠李戴张冠李戴”错误。错误。(3)偷偷梁梁换换柱柱。干干扰扰项项用用了了与与原原文文相相似似的的句句型型结结构构和和大大部部分分相相似似的的词词汇汇，却却在在不不易易引引人人注注意意的的地地方方换换了了几几个个词汇，造成句意的改变。词汇，造成句意的改变。微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考(4)无无中中生生有有。干干扰扰项项往往往往是是生生活活的的基基本本常常识识和和普普遍遍接接受受的的观观点点，但但在在原原文文中中并并无无相相关关的的信信息息支支持持点点，这这种种选选项项的的设设置置往往往往与与问问题题的的设设问问毫毫不不相相干干。例例如如第第7题题中中的的D.Treasure hunting 虽虽然然符符合合常常识识，但但在在文文中中并并没没有有相关的信息。相关的信息。微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考【解题策略解题策略】细节理解题主要的答题策略有：细节理解题主要的答题策略有：(1)细细心心审审题题，直直接接就就题题找找答答案案。解解答答此此类类试试题题时时，不不必必通通篇篇细细看看原原文文，而而应应采采取取“带带着着问问题题找找答答案案”的的方方法法，先先从从问问题题中中抓抓住住关关键键性性词词语语(题题眼眼)，然然后后以以此此为为线线索索，运运用用略略读读及及查查读读的的技技巧巧快快速速在在文文章章中中寻寻找找与与此此问问题题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考(2)变变通通理理解解，间间接接转转述述找找答答案案。细细节节理理解解题题通通常常采采用用词词语语和和句句型型转转换换的的形形式式来来取取代代原原文文中中的的表表述述。命命题题者者在在出出这这类类题题时时惯惯用用“偷偷梁梁换换柱柱、张张冠冠李李戴戴”的的手手法法来来迷迷惑惑考考生生，即即对对原原句句细细微微处处做做改改动动，截截取取原原文文词词语语或或结结构构进进行行改改造造，因因果果倒倒置置，把把A的的观观点点说说成成B的的观观点点等等。所所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。微微课课练练随随堂堂清清探探考考点点攻攻难难点点做做真真题题悟悟高高考考(3)多多点点归归纳纳，综综合合事事实实找找答答案案。细细节节理理解解题题有有时时考考查查的的并并不不是是单单一一的的信信息息，而而是是多多处处信信息息的的整整合合。解解答答此此类类“综综合合”信信息息细细节节题题时时，一一定定要要全全面面捕捕捉捉相相关关信信息息，进进行行综综合合分分析析、归归纳纳，切切忌忌根根据据“一一面面之之词词”草草率率地地做做出结论。出结论。