We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句1 The Objective Clause 宾语从句宾语从句21) I know that he will come.2) I wonder whether/if she remembered my birthday.4) It depends on whether they will support us.5) He doesnt care what the headmaster said.6) Please tell me when he came back from the south.7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?8) He asked whose book it belonged to.31) I know that he will come.2) I wonder whether/if she remembered my birthday.4) It depends on whether they will support us. 5) He doesnt care what the headmaster said.6) Please tell me when he came back from the south.7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy? 8) He asked whose book it belonged to.41. 什么是宾语从句？什么是宾语从句？2. 哪些词性后常接宾语从句？哪些词性后常接宾语从句？3. 引导宾语从句的连接词有哪些？引导宾语从句的连接词有哪些？Questions5 1、 在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫 宾语从句。宾语从句。 2、宾语从句常放在宾语从句常放在及物动词及物动词和和介介 词词之后。之后。 3、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序-陈述陈述语序语序 （主语（主语+谓语）谓语） 6 从属连词从属连词 that, whether, if 连接代词连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whatever等等 连接副词连接副词 where, how, why, when等等4、连接词有：、连接词有：7 从属连词从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注1：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能 充当成分，在口语和非正式文体中常充当成分，在口语和非正式文体中常 省略。省略。我听说他一小时后回来。我听说他一小时后回来。I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.是不是所有的that都能省略？8 从属连词从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注2：如果宾语从句太长，可以用：如果宾语从句太长，可以用it做形式做形式宾语，将真正的宾语放于句末宾语，将真正的宾语放于句末, 连接词连接词that不能省略。不能省略。91.We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式宾语改用形式宾语 it )2.We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear. (改用形式宾语改用形式宾语 it )3.我认为学好英语是非常必要的。我认为学好英语是非常必要的。consider,find,think,feel,make,believe等动词常带宾语补足语,用it做形式宾语,宾语从句放到宾补之后10 有从属连词有从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注3：当主句的谓语动词是：当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等引导否定含义的等引导否定含义的 宾从时，要把否定结构移到上述动宾从时，要把否定结构移到上述动 词上来。词上来。我认为你是不对的。我认为你是不对的。I dont think you are right.I dont believe they will come here. 11 从属连词从属连词if, whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注1：whether, if 有有“是否是否”的含义，在从句的含义，在从句 也不充当成分。也不充当成分。老师问我们是否准备好了期末考试。老师问我们是否准备好了期末考试。The teacher asked us if / whether weare ready for the final examination.I doubt whether he will be against the idea.121.I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. 2.I dont doubt that we will win the match.3.Do you doubt that he did it on his own? doubt肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用 that 疑定句中用 that 1.I doubt _he is telling the truth. 2.We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .3.Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?4.Im doubtful _ he will agree to this. if / whether that that if / whether13 从属连词从属连词if, whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句14a.引导宾语从句时whether与if可以互换:Sheaskedmewhether/iftheteacherwouldleave.e.引导表语从句、同位语从句时只能用whether引导；ThequestionwaswhetherTomhasgonetoShanghai.Theissuewhetherhewillcometomorrowisunderdiscussion.d.位于句首引导主语从句只能用whether；Whethertheywillcomeisunknown.b.作介词的宾语或同不定式连用时只能用whether；Italldependsonwhethertheywillhelpus.Idontknowwhethertogo.c.和or(not)连在一起时只能用whether引导；Themealwillbereadyforherwhethershecomesornot.15 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句注：连接代词注：连接代词what, which, who等在从句中可等在从句中可 充当主语，表语，宾语等；充当主语，表语，宾语等； 连接副词连接副词when, where, how等在从句中可等在从句中可 充当状语。充当状语。1.I didnt hear _he wanted me to do.2. Ms Xiao asked who could answer the question.3. He wants to know whom/who they are waiting for?4. He asked me why I was late for class this morning?5. He asked whose writing was the best in the class?whatI didnt hear the news _he wanted me to know.that/which16 1. He doesnt doubt _ she can pass the exam. 2. Could you do me a favor? -It depends _ it is. 3. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. 4. Do you know _ Tom is getting with his neighbors?that how whether what thatwhatwhetherhow175、时态与语序：、时态与语序：18He asked Why are you so happy ?Whyyouweresohappy?19Am I taller than you? if/whether He askedHetallerthanthem.was20宾语从句的时态与语序宾语从句的时态与语序2)主句用现在时时主句用现在时时,从句可根据需要选用各种时态从句可根据需要选用各种时态3)主句为过去时主句为过去时,从句用相对应的过去时态从句用相对应的过去时态I think that the Greens have left for Hawaii. I want to know if/whether he will go surfing this afternoon.1）宾语从句的语序为陈述语序）宾语从句的语序为陈述语序May I ask what you are doing in this country and what your plans are?211. Tom said. He is reading a book. 2. Who bought the pen? He wondered. 3. Where is the hospital? He told me. 4. He asks me. Are they playing a game? Tom said that he was reading a book.He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.He told me where the Hospital was. He wondered who had bought the pen.Yesterday Tom said that the earth goes round the sun.注意注意：如从句表示客观真理：如从句表示客观真理,可用现在时可用现在时22 The Predicative Clause 表语从句表语从句231.Her question was that she has no time to look after her daughter.2. The question is whether the boy will turn up in time.3. Tom is no longer what he used to be .4. That is where I cant agree with you.241.Her question was that she has no time to look after her daughter.2. The question is whether the boy will turn up in time.3. Tom is no longer what he used to be .4. That is where I cant agree with you.251. 什么是表语从句？什么是表语从句？2. 引导表语从句的连接词有哪些？引导表语从句的连接词有哪些？3. 哪些词性后常接表语从句？哪些词性后常接表语从句？Questions26表语从句从句在句中充当从句在句中充当表语表语成分，一般放在成分，一般放在连连系动词系动词之后之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。作用：对主语进行解释说明。27连接词：连接词：that / whether （ if 不引导表语从句，不引导表语从句，that不省不省)连接代词：连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what (充当充当 主语主语, 宾语宾语,定语定语, 表语，有自己的词义表语，有自己的词义.)连接副词：连接副词：when / where / why / how / because(有有词义，词义，充当时间充当时间, 地点地点,方式方式,原因状语原因状语.)28 1. that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。的作用。e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.2. whether 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接词连接词whether起连接作用，起连接作用， 意为意为“是否、究竟、到底是否、究竟、到底”（注意注意：if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。在句中也不作任何成分。e.g. The question is whether that man will turn up in time293. where, when, why, how引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接副词连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。具有词义。e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.30注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法1.This is where Lu Xun once lived.2.That was how they won the match.3.This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方. 他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的. 这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.1.我们就是这样克服困难的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday. This is where This is how This is why.这就是的地方这就是的方法这就是的原因314. What who which 等等引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接代词：连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what (充充当当 主语主语, 宾语宾语,定语定语, 表语，有自己的词义表语，有自己的词义.)e.g. Thats what he could do at the age of 6.Tom is whom you can turn to when you have trouble.321.I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. 2011山东卷A. thatB. whenC. whereD. why2.Id like to start my own business-thats _ Id do if I had the money (2011陕西卷）. A.why B. when C. which D. what3. One reason for her preference for city life is_ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. （10上海36） A. that B. how C. what D. whyDDA334.IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.（10江苏35）Thats_Idontagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.A.whereB.howC.whenD.what5.PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was_itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.（10北京32）A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whetherDB341.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt_hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.（2012北京）A.why B.how C.thatD.whether2.Scientistsstudy_humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.（2012四川）A.whenB.howC.thatD.whether3.Theshockingnewsmademerealize_terribleproblemswewouldface.A.whatB.howC.thatD.why4.Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof_othersactuallyunderstand.(2011上海卷)A.whyB.thatC.whichD.whatcBA（2011北京卷)D355. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it （2011山东卷）.A. whereB. whatC. whetherD. which6. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express. (2011安徽卷)A.that B. how C. who D. what7. Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. (2011四川卷) A. why B. how C. what D. which8. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read first. （2011辽宁卷） A. what B. who C. how D. whycDCC369. It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life. （2011重庆卷）A.whoseB. whatC. whichD. that10. We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. （2010福建35） A.that B. which C. what D. whether11. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _she was so angry. （2010湖南35） A. where B. whether C. that D. why 12. As a new graduate, he doesnt know_ it takes to start a business here. （2010天津14）A. howB. whatC. When D. whichBCBD371.Pleasetellmeyouwillgotothelecturetomorrow.2.Italldependsontheskywillclearup.3.Thequestionisthefilmiswellworthseeing.4.hewillbewelltomorrowIamnotsure.5.itistrueremainsaproblem.关联词比较whether/ifwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether38A.引导宾语从句时可互换.B.位于介词后要用whether.C.位于句首时要用whether.D.引导表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句时,要用whether.391.Ithinkitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.2.Hismotherissatisfiedwithhehasdone.3.hewasabletocomemadeushappy.4.Thisismakesusinterested.5.ThereasonwasTodhadneverseenthemillionpoundnotebefore.what/thatthatwhatwhatthatThat40所引导的从所引导的从句是否句是否缺主缺主语语, 表语表语,宾语宾语汉语意义汉语意义能否省略能否省略what 缺缺什么什么; 所所.的的(东西东西/事情事情)不能省略不能省略that不缺不缺无意义无意义引导宾语从引导宾语从句时可省略句时可省略.41Correct the mistakes(改错改错)1.He asked me why was I late for school.2.Tom didnt know what he does yesterday.3.Li lei said the earth went around the sun.4.He doesnt know that when he can come back.5.Lily said she didnt know how much did the computer cost.6.I dont know if he can help me or not.421. He asked me why was I late for school.I was 注意语序。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。注意语序。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。即先主语后谓语即先主语后谓语2. Tom didnt know what he does yesterday.did3. Li lei said the earth went around the sun.goes客观事实或真理用一般现在时客观事实或真理用一般现在时434. He doesnt know that when he can come back.5.Lily said she didnt know how much did the computer cost.6.I dont know if he can help me or not.去掉去掉that宾语从句中不能同时用两个连接词宾语从句中不能同时用两个连接词去掉去掉did宾语从句应用陈述语序宾语从句应用陈述语序whetherwhetheror not和和whether or not441.We cannot figure out_ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when 2.A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where 3.Parents are taught to understand_important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. how C. such D. so 4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. howCABB455.I think Father would like to know_ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A. which B. why C. what D. how 6.The road is covered with snow. I cant understand_ they insist on going by motorbike. A.why B.whether C.when D.how 7.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 8.People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see_ he will do. A. how B. that C. when D. whatCAAD469.-I think its going to be a big problem. -Yes, it could be. -I wonder _ we can do about it. A. if B. how C. what D. that 10.Perseverance is a kind of quality-and thats _ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 11.I really dont know _ I had this photo taken . A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was whybAA4712.Never take _for granted that I will help you. Better depend on yourself. A. that B. it C. which D. this 13.It looks _he is unhappy today. A. that B. if C. as if D. whether 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do_ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 15.The old woman was shocked by _ had happened to her daughter. A. whom B. which C. that D. whatBCAD48单项选择单项选择 16.I dont know_ we can live on the island without any food.A.where B what C how D that17.Could you tell me _?A Where is the part ? B Whos on duty ?C Whose book is this ? D What are they doing ?18. The teacher told us that the earth _around the sun.A moved B moves C move D moving19.Could you tell me _?A if he would come tomorrowB will he come tomorrowC whether he will come tomorrowD If he comes tomorrow20.I did nt know that Mr. Smith _yet.A.has returned B has returned C had returned D returned BBCCC49 1.We wonder how we shall do next.2.Could you tell me where are they having a picnic?3. We believe that they have finished their task, dont we ?4.I am sorry that I dont know you want to take part in the competition.5.Mr. Li seems that he is very expert at repairing at computers.whathavent theydidntthey areas if 50who / whoever1.Thecompetitioniscoming.willattendthemeetinghasntbeendecidedyet.2.Ibelievetakespartinthecompetitionwilltryhisbest. what / whatever3.Canyoutellmeyoudliketoorder?4.happens,dontbesurprised.5.Allthefoodhereisdelicious.Justorderyoulike.WhowhoeverwhatWhateverWhatever51名词从句让步状语从句who表“谁”/whoever表”.”的任何人表”不论谁”what表”什么”“所.的东西”/whatever表”.的任何东西”“无论什么”521.We cannot figure out_ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when 2.A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where 3.Parents are taught to understand_important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. how C. such D. so 4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. howCABB535.I think Father would like to know_ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A. which B. why C. what D. how 6.The road is covered with snow. I cant understand_ they insist on going by motorbike. A. why B. whether C. when D. how 7.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 8.People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see_ he will do. A. how B. that C. when D. whatCAAD549.-I think its going to be a big problem. -Yes, it could be. -I wonder _ we can do about it. A. if B. how C. what D. that 10.Perseverance is a kind of quality-and thats _ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 11.I really dont know _ I had this photo taken . A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was whyCAA5512.Never take _for granted that I will help you. Better depend on yourself. A. that B. it C. which D. this 13.It looks _he is unhappy today. A. that B. if C. as if D. whether 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do_ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 15.The old woman was shocked by _ had happened to her daughter. A. whom B. which C. that D. whatBCAD561.Go and get your coat.Its_you left it. A.there B.where C.there were D.where there 2.The problem is_ he has enough time. A.if B.whether C./ D.that 3.He made a promise_ he would help me. A.what B.when C.that D.which 4.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village. A.how B.when C.where D.what 5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever576.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromTheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why7.Goanggetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere8.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where9.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthats_ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why10.-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout.C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited58单句改错单句改错 1.We wonder how we shall do next.2.Could you tell me where are they having a picnic?3.I am sorry that I dont know you want to take part in the competition.4.Mr li seems that he is very expert at repairing at computers.what_theyare_didnt_asif59试题集锦试题集锦试题集锦试题集锦1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 607.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 6113.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 16.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 17.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 18._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 6219. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 20._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what 21._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 22.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 23. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 24.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 6325._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 26.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 27._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 28.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how 643. as if, as though, because引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 a. as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。或状态。 e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. She talks as if /as though she had been there before . 她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的. b. because引导表语从句通常只用于引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。结构中。 He was sent to hospital. That is because he was ill. The reason why he was sent to hospital was that he was ill. 65correction1.The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it.2.Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him?3.I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary.4.Can you doubt if she will succeed?5.I worried about if my brother will return in time.6.She said that she has never told a lie.7.Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris?8.Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us.9.It looked that he was well prepared for the unexpected challenge.10. That he said moved everyone present.whatit necessary that this should be kept secret for the time beingthat she will succeed ?whether my brother will return in time.had will leave for Paris?That our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of usWhatIt seemedwhich不做介词宾语that不做介词宾语从句缺少引导词that不做句子成分没有It look that表达式66