人教课标必修人教课标必修高二上高二上Unit 1Great scientistsObjectives1. 了解著名医生了解著名医生John Snow、钱学森、哥、钱学森、哥 白尼等科学家以及他们的作为和故事。白尼等科学家以及他们的作为和故事。2. 学习描述人物的句型。学习描述人物的句型。3. 学习过去分词作定语和表语的结构。学习过去分词作定语和表语的结构。characteristicradium painter scientificconclude conclusion analysen. 特征特征; 特性特性n. 镭镭n. 画家画家; 油漆匠油漆匠adj. 科学的科学的vt. & vi. 结束结束; 推断出推断出n. 结论结论; 结束结束vt. 分析分析put forward draw a conclusion提出提出得出结论得出结论Expressions preview There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them? Match the achievements with the scientists below. Galileo GalileiBenjamin FranklinNewtonAlexander Bell Albert Einsteinthe theory of falling objectslightningthe law of gravitytelephone Scientists Achievementsthe theory of relativityWhat do you know about great scientists? Try this quiz and find out who knows the most.1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?B. Archimedes C. Thomas EdisonA. Charles DarwinArchimedes (287-212 BC), an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?A. Marie B. CurieC. Charles DarwinB. Gregor MendelCharles Darwin (1808-1882), British author of The Origin of Species 3. Who invented the first steam engine?A. ThomasB. NewcomenC. Thomas EdisonB. ArchimedesThomas Newcomen (1663-1729), British,improved the first steam pump and turnedit into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 17124. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?A. Thomas B. EdisonC. ArchimedesB. Gregor MendelGregor Mendel (1822-1884), Czech, developed ideas on heredity (遗传学遗传学) and inherited (继承继承, 承传承传) characteristics5. Who discovered radium?C. Marie CurieB. NewtonA. Zhang HengMarie Curie (1867-1934), Polish and French, won two Nobel prizes6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?A. Stephen B. Hawking C. Thomas EdisonB. ArchimedesThomas Edison (1847-1931), American inventorThomas EdisonInventions of Thomas Edison Phonograph 留声机留声机Light bulbmotion picture camera7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?A. Gregor B. MendelC. Marie CurieB. Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian artistLeonardo da Vincis paintings8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?A. Sir HumphryB. Davy C. FaradayB. Thomas NewcomenSir Humphry Davy (1778-1829), British,discovered the medicinal value of nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮一氧化二氮) as anaesthetic (麻醉剂麻醉剂)9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?A. Charles B. DarwinC. Watt B. Zhang HengZhang Heng (78-139), Chinese, invented the first seismographseismograph地动仪地动仪10. Who put forward a theory about black holes?A. Stephen B. HawkingC. CopernicusB. ArchimedesStephen Hawking (1942- ), British scientist, worked in astronomy and studied black holes in spaceThe quotes below are from some famous scientists.Do you know their meanings?Imagination is more important thanknowledge.“想象力比知识更重要。想象力比知识更重要。”Albert EinsteinGenius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.“天才就是百分之九十九的汗水天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的灵感。加上百分之一的灵感。”Thomas Alva Edison Marie CurieNothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood.“生活中没有什么可怕的东西，只生活中没有什么可怕的东西，只有需要理解的东西。有需要理解的东西。”It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious.Alfred Whitehead “分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的 头脑。头脑。”What makes ascientist successful?strong will, imagination, creativity, patience, persistence, carefulness, curiosity Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in small groups the stages in setting out a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in？Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a question Find a problem Analyse the resultsFind supporting evidenceWhat disease spread around the world in 2003?SARSWhich doctor impressed you most during the SARS?Zhong Nanshan (钟南山钟南山) Infectious diseases can be spread to other people. They have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals. Bird flu, AIDS and SARS are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure. What do you know about infectious diseases?What do you know about cholera?What other diseases do you know are similar to SARS today?choleraWhat is Cholera? Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. It infects peoples intestines (肠肠), causing diarrhea (腹泻腹泻), vomiting and leg cramps. The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been infected with the bacteria. After a disaster, this is a very real danger, since regular, clean water and food supplies are often unavailable. The disease can be spread even further by infected people using already dirtied water sources to clean themselves or dispose of waste. Great BritainGermanyDeath of first cholera case in London during the 1848-49 epidemic LondonPrevious cholera epidemic in Great Britain in 1831-32The spread of choleraHomework1. Write a passage about one 2. of your favourite scientist in 3. about 150 words.2. Preview the reading: JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”