句子成分概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。主语主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是是什么什么”或或“是谁是谁”。一般由一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在大多数主语都在句首。句首。主语（主语（subject）: 句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首The sun rises in the east. （名词）（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）（动名词） The rich should help the poor.the rich = the rich people名词化的形容词名词化的形容词讲述讲述“谁谁”Weworkinabigfactory.讲述讲述“什么什么”Theclassroomisverybig.数词作主语数词作主语Threeareenough.三个人就够了三个人就够了不定式作主语不定式作主语TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctorsjob.从句作主语从句作主语Whatweneedisfood.我们最需要的是食物我们最需要的是食物.在在“Therebe”句型中，主语的位置在中间。句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.To see is to believe. （不定式）（不定式） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.形式主语形式主语真正主语真正主语It=that the elephant is round and tall like a tree在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用面用it作形式主语。作形式主语。如：如：Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！不能做主语！指出下列句中主语的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.介介词不能作主不能作主语Thereisanoldmancominghere.There is an apple on the table.An apple is there on the table.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.找出下面句子的主语找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测主语小测单选：单选：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_goingtoShanghaiforExplo 2010 nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2._moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3._isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They谓语谓语说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。由由动词充当动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。心。谓语（谓语（predicate）:常用动词或者动词词组担常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。任，放在主语的后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.Heisverygenerous.Shelooksverysmartandcool.Wehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman.Theplanetookoffat10oclock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidntyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.Wearestudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!复合谓语：复合谓语：1.情态动词情态动词助动词助动词+v 2.系动词系动词+adj./n.（以及其它表语成分）（以及其它表语成分）Open the door, please!Go and get some water for me.Dont laugh at others!Dont come back late tonight. 祈使句：祈使句：1.省略主语省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形找出下列句子的谓语找出下列句子的谓语Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.Heisinterestedinmusic.Whomdidyougivemybookto?11.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!按要求找出下列句子的主谓：按要求找出下列句子的主谓：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）（谓）3.Dontgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike（主谓）（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）（主谓）主谓小测主谓小测祈使句祈使句,省略主语省略主语you1.Itisdifficultforme_somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends_toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选：单选：Itsadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是做某事对某人来说是的的形式主语形式主语真正的主语真正的主语tofinish3._upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4._upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语动名词做主语感官动词感官动词+adj.表语表语说明主语是说明或怎么样说明主语是说明或怎么样由由名词、形容词、数词、副名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当子等充当它的位置在系动词后面。它的位置在系动词后面。形容词作表语形容词作表语Youlookyoungerthanbefore.名词作表语名词作表语Myfatherisateacher.副词作表语副词作表语Everyoneishere.介词短语作表语介词短语作表语Theyareatthetheatre.不定式作表语不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.动名词作表语动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses.从句作表语从句作表语Thatiswhyhedidntcometoschoolyesterday.宾语宾语表示动作、行为的对象表示动作、行为的对象由由名词、代词、不定式、名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句、从句充充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。语。如：名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes.代词做宾语He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes tosleepintheopenair.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed livinginChina.从句做宾语I believe thattheycanfinishtheworkintime. 直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。用名词或代词来充当。如：如：Webroughtthemsomefood.主主谓谓间宾间宾直宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to或或for。 宾语宾语(动宾或介宾）动宾或介宾）动宾动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词之后。表示行为的对象，放在及物动词之后。IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Heisafraidofher-hisheadteacher.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介介词后面的后面的宾语：介介宾注意：人称代注意：人称代词要用要用宾格格Idecidedtogowith_.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.sheHegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.间接接宾语(sb)+直接直接宾语(sth)：双双宾IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?找出下列句子的宾语找出下列句子的宾语5.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime.宾语的补足语宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语宾语补宾语宾语补足语足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语分词都可以作宾语补足语. 名词作宾补名词作宾补Ifyouletmego,Illmakeyouking.形容词作宾补形容词作宾补Dontmakeyourhandsdirty.副词作宾补副词作宾补WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.介词短语作宾补介词短语作宾补Makeyourselfathome.省略省略to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补Isawagirlgointothebuilding.带带to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.在英语中在英语中,常见的常见的“宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语”的结构有：的结构有：“宾语宾语+名词名词”。常用于该结构的动词有：。常用于该结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。等。 We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor.“宾语宾语+形容词形容词”。常见的动词有。常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如：等。如：Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clean.We cant leave him alone.Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?“宾语宾语+副词副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。关系。常见的副词有：常见的副词有：down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等等。如： Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home.When got there, we found him out.“宾语宾语+介词短语介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如： We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend.He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.“宾语宾语+不定式不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：。充当宾补的不定式有三种：A.要求带要求带to的不定式的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B.要求不带要求不带to的不定式的不定式let,make,see,hear,watch等等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room.C.单词单词help后可加后可加to或不加或不加to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.“宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。 I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。 I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.形式宾语形容词形式宾语形容词 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.宾语宾语+what从句从句Call me what you like.Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词。用来修饰名词或代词。由由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句定式、从句充当。充当。定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。的地方都可以有定语。单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，短单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。形容词作定语形容词作定语Theblackbikeismine.代词作定语代词作定语Whatsyourname?名词作定语名词作定语Theymadesomepaperflowers.介词短语作定语介词短语作定语TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.不定式作短语不定式作短语Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.从句作定语从句作定语ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter. “后置定语后置定语” 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置。如： Well go to have something English. If you dont know the answer, ask someone else. Do you have anything important to tell me?介词短语作定语时要后置。如： Do you know the boy behind the tree?The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.动词的不定式不定式作定语时要后置后置What about something todrink? I have no time totraveltoChina is in Autumn or in Spring. Do you have any piece of music tolistento? nearby, below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。如：We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the villagebelow?The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词用来修饰动词、形容词或副词一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。程度等等。通常由通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。充当。状语状语一般放在句末一般放在句末，但，但有时也可以放在句首、句中有时也可以放在句首、句中。如：。如：HediditcarefullyTheymissedmeverymuch.Withouthishelp,wecouldntworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.副词作状语的位置：副词作状语的位置：be动词之后，实义动词之前动词之后，实义动词之前助动词和实义动词之间，如助动词和实义动词之间，如usually,often，sometime，seldom，never，also，only，ever，still放在放在句末句末修饰动词，如修饰动词，如verymuch，alot，quickly，fast，high，slowly修饰形容词或副词时在它们修饰形容词或副词时在它们前面前面，如，如verygood，soearly有的副词在句子中位置灵活，如有的副词在句子中位置灵活，如already，only，sometime(一一).指出下列句中主语的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分分)Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.(二二).选出句中出句中谓语的中心的中心词(10分，分，10分分钟)Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoonDidthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfastTomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didntC.doD.hishomeworkWhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.isWehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctorHeisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.musicWhomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book三三)挑出下列句中的挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，分，10分分钟）Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.ABCDPeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCDYoumustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCDHowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?ABCDTheoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.ABCD(四四)挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语(5分，分，5分钟分钟)Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCDWhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCDTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCDSoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.ABCDShewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD(五五)挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语(6分，分，6分钟分钟)TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.ABCDWhatisyourgivenname?ABCDOnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.ABCDIamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCDThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCDIamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!ABCD(六六)挑出下列句中的挑出下列句中的宾语补足足语(6分，分，6分分钟)Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.DHeaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABCDShefounditdifficulttodothework.ABCDTheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCDIsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCDABC(七七)挑出下列句中的状挑出下列句中的状语（8分，分，8分分钟）Therewasabigsmileonherface.ABCDEverynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.ABCDHebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.ABCDThemanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.ABCDWiththemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.ABCDShelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.ABCDIamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ABCD(八八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分分)Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme?