Listening and speakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressContentlPronunciationandlisteningskillslConversationslPassageListening and speakingListen to some short conversations and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.Tips根据听力材料中出现的某些指示性词语，如：little或hardly，以及说话人的语气等可以推断出说话人对某一事物的态度是积极的（positive, happy）、消极的（negative, sad）或是中立的（neutral, indifferent）。Listening for attitudesListen to some short conversations and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1Whatsthewomansbrothersattitudetowardotherpeoplesopinionofhim?AConcerned.BInterested.CIndifferent.2Whatsthewomansattitudetowardrockmusic?ALike.BDislike.CIndifferent.Listening for attitudesListen to some short conversations and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.Listening for attitudes3Whatsthewomansattitudetowardgoingshopping?APositive.BNegative.CNeutral.4Whatismostpeoplesfeelingtowardthisyearsbasketballseason?AItllbeexciting.BItllbedisappointing.CItllbebetterthanlastyears.Listen to some short conversations and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.Listening for attitudes5Whatisthewomansfeelingtowardherdormitory?APositive.BNegative.CIndifferent.6Whatisthemansattitudetowardtheplay?APositive.BNegative.CNeutral.1.我们可以通过对话中的提示词、语气、语调等来推测说话者的意图、观点和态度。如第1题中，我们可以从cares little about 中的little 推测出说话者的哥哥不是特别在意别人的看法。再如，从第3题中的so much fun 可以看出说话者非常喜欢购物。2.人们在兴奋、惊讶或激动时说话的语调就高；在相反的情况下，语调则低。TipsListening for attitudesListening for attitudesScripts1.M:Yourbrotherlikeswearingcoolclothes.W:Hedoes.Andhecareslittleaboutwhatpeoplethinkofhim.Q:Whatsthewomansbrothersattitudetowardotherpeoplesopinionofhim?2.M:Thoseoldpeoplecantstandrockmusic.W:Yeah,itstoonoisyforthem,thoughyoungpeoplelikeusfinditveryexciting.Q:Whatsthewomansattitudetowardrockmusic?Listening for attitudesScripts3.M:Idontlikegoingshoppingwithmygirlfriend.Itssoboringandthestoresarealwayssocrowded.W:IguessthatswhyIcantbeyourgirlfriend.Igoshoppingnearlyeveryweekend.Itssomuchfun!Q:Whatsthewomansattitudetowardgoingshopping?4.M:Jackseemstothinkthatthisyearsbasketballseasonwillbedisappointing.W:Thatshisopinion.Mostothershavehighexpectationsofit.Q:Whatismostpeoplesfeelingtowardthisyearsbasketballseason?Listening for attitudesScripts5.W:IdontthinkIwanttoliveinthedormitorynextyear.Itscrowdedandalittlemessy.IthinkIneedmoreprivacy.M:Iknowwhatyoumean.Q:Whatisthewomansfeelingtowardherdormitory?6.W:Howdoyouliketheplayyousawlastnight?M:Well,itsnothinglikewhatIexpected.Justawasteoftime.Q:Whatisthemansattitudetowardtheplay?lConversation1lConversation2FunctionallanguageExercisesExercisesFunctionallanguage1.1. Listen to a conversation and complete the following sentences with what you hear. Word tipsoff adj. （食物）腐坏的，变质的supplier n. 供应商look into 调查complaint n. 投诉fussy adj. 爱挑剔的Conversation 1 Conversation 1 Complaining & responses Complaining & responses happy about it how you feel 2.Iknow_.Wewilllookintothematterassoonaspossible.1.Sowhat?ItsnotfreshandImnot_.1.1. Listen to a conversation and complete the following sentences with what you hear. a complaint to make be assured 3.Besides,ImafraidIhave_aboutthepoorservice.4.Please_thatwewilldosomethingaboutit.Conversation 1 Conversation 1 Complaining & responses Complaining & responses2.2. Listen again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).TTF1Thefishdoesnottasteverygood.2Thewaitertriestooffersomethingfree.3Theguestisapersonwhoisveryeasytoplease.Conversation 1 Conversation 1 Complaining & responses Complaining & responsesScriptsWaiter:Iseverythingtoyoursatisfaction,madam?Guest: :No,thefishisnotfresh.Itactuallytastesabitoff.Waiter:Oh!Imsorrytohearthat.Thisisveryunusualaswehavefreshfishfromtheregularsuppliereveryday.Guest:Sowhat?ItsnotfreshandImnothappyaboutit.Waiter:Imsorry,madam.Doyouwishtotrysomethingelse?Therewouldbenocharge,ofcourse.Guest:No.Idontwishtotryanythingmore.Thisisveryannoying,findingsomethingnotfresh,youknow.Conversation 1 Conversation 1 Complaining & responses Complaining & responsesScriptsWaiter:Iknowhowyoufeel.Wewilllookintothematterassoonaspossible.Guest:Besides,ImafraidIhaveacomplainttomakeaboutthepoorservice.Iexpectedsomethingbetter.Waiter:Isee,madam.Imsureeverythingwillbeallrightthenexttimeyoucome.Guest:Youresureofit?Imveryfussy.Waiter:Pleasebeassuredthatwewilldosomethingaboutit.Justgiveusanotherchance.Man:Allright.Conversation 1 Conversation 1 Complaining & responses Complaining & responses3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language.Situation 1AandBaretalkingabouttherestauranttheywenttoforlunch.AiscomplainingtoBaboutthefoodandservice.Situation 2Ahasbeenlookingforwardtoaliveshow,andhe/sheiscomplainingtoBaboutthedifficultyingettingaticketfortheshow.(Sample)(Sample)Conversation 1 Conversation 1 Complaining & responses Complaining & responses3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language.GUIDED CONVERSATIONA:Sayyoureunhappyaboutsomething.B:Askthereason.A:TellBwhatisannoyingyou.B:SayyoufeelsorryforA.A:Makecomplaints.B:Offeryoursuggestions.A:Hopeforthebetter.Conversation 1 Conversation 1 Complaining & responses Complaining & responsesRole play - Sample conversationSituation1Tom: Did you enjoy your lunch?Amy:To be frank, not really. Im afraid I have a complaint to make.Tom: Why? It seemed fine with me.Amy:One of the dishes we ordered was so salty that I had to drink a lot of water. I expected something better.Tom: Oh! Im sorry to hear that.Amy:The service was not good, either. We had to wait for quite a long time until the waiter showed up. I was starving. Tom: I know how you feel. Maybe its because they were too busy. It seemed that they had a very good business. Next time, well try to get there earlier.Amy:I hope they make improvements soon. Conversation 1 Conversation 1 Complaining & responses Complaining & responsesRole play - Sample conversationSituation2Jerry: Hi, Lily. Have you got the ticket for the live show that you have been talking about?Lily: Yes, but its a little disappointing. Jerry: Whats wrong? You mentioned that your brother could help you get one.Lily: Yes, he did get one for me, but the seat is too far from the stage. Jerry: I know how you feel, but at least youve got one.Lily: The problem is that he promised to give me the front seat, but he keeps it for himself now. Jerry: Why dont you talk to him?Lily: I did, but he refused.Jerry: You can offer to help him wash his clothes for a week. Lily: OK. I will give it a try. I hope it works.Conversation 1 Conversation 1 Complaining & responses Complaining & responsesFunctional LanguageConversation 1 Conversation 1 Complaining & responses Complaining & responsesComplainingResponsesIm not happy aboutIm sorry to hear that.Im afraid I have a complaint to make.Im sorry, sir / madam.Cant you do something about it?This is more than one can bear.It just cant carry on.I know how you feel.We look into the matter as soon as possible.This is annoying.I expected something better.Im sure everything will be all right.1.1. Listen to a conversation and complete the following sentences with what you hear.Word tipsstressed out adj. 焦虑不安的；紧张的rack ones brains 绞尽脑汁 deadline n. 最后期限 to name a few 仅举几例Conversation 2 Conversation 2 Making complaints & responses Making complaints & responses1.1. Listen to a conversation and complete the following sentences with what you hear.1.IdontknowifIcan_muchlonger.2.Youareright.Iguessuniversitylifeisnotasgoodas_.4.Iknowthat,buttheresadifferencewhenit_yourenjoymentofstudy. stand it I expected 3.Actuallyitsagoodthingthatteachersare_theirstudents.strict with spoils Conversation 2 Conversation 2 Making complaints & responses Making complaints & responses2.2. Listen again and answer the questions with “yes” (Y) or “no” (N).1.DoesMarklikehavingsomuchhomeworktodo?NYY2.Dothetwospeakersagreethatthereshouldbeabalancebetweenworkandrest?3.IsMarkdisappointedatuniversitylife?Conversation 2 Conversation 2 Making complaints & responses Making complaints & responsesScriptsTom:Mark,doyouwanttoplaybasketballwithme?Mark:Idloveto,butIhavenotime.Ivegotlotsofhomeworktodo.Tom:Whyareyousobusy?Youlookstressedout.Mark:Ialwayshavesomuchtodo,rackingmybrainstryingtomeetdeadlines.Tom:Whatkindsofthingsdoyouhavetodo?Mark:Writeapapereveryweek,participateinresearchgroups,preparefortests,tonameafew.IdontknowifIcanstanditmuchlonger.Tom:Yeah,campuslifemightbetiring,butwestudentsneedtobalanceworkandrest.Conversation 2 Conversation 2 Making complaints & responses Making complaints & responsesScriptsMark:Youareright.IguessuniversitylifeisnotasgoodasIexpected.Iamtiredoftheendlesshomework.ItsnotwhatIhadinmind.Tom:Ifeelsorryforyou.Trytorelax.Actuallyitsagoodthingthatteachersarestrictwiththeirstudents.Mark:Iknowthat,buttheresadifferencewhenitspoilsyourenjoymentofstudy.Conversation 2 Conversation 2 Making complaints & responses Making complaints & responses3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language.Situation 1A is an Art major. He / She is complaining about his / her school life (food quality, poor teaching facilities, few after-class activities, etc.) to his / her mother. Situation 2A went to see a movie yesterday. He / She is complaining to B about the movie (the poor performance of the actors, horrible sound effects, etc.).(Sample)(Sample)Conversation 2 Conversation 2 Making complaints & responses Making complaints & responses3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language.GUIDED CONVERSATIONB: Ask A why he / she looks unhappy.A: Tell B the reasons.B: Ask for detailed information.A: Explain in detail.B: Comfort A and say how you feel about it.A: Show thanks for Bs understanding.Conversation 2 Conversation 2 Making complaints & responses Making complaints & responsesRole play - Sample conversationSituation1Mother:Sweetheart, you dont look very happy. Whats wrong? Daughter:Mom, I guess university life is not as good as I expected. Actually, its a little bit disappointing.Mother:What makes you think so?Daughter:The food in the cafeteria doesnt taste good. The teaching facilities are poor and therere not many after-class activities to take part in. Its not what I had in mind.Mother:Dear, I know how you feel. You just need some time to get used to your new university life. Daughter:Thank you for your understanding. I guess youre right. Maybe it is not that bad. At least I have got many new friends. Mother:Im glad youre thinking that way.Conversation 2 Conversation 2 Making complaints & responses Making complaints & responsesRole play - Sample conversationSituation2Lisa:Good morning, Mary. How was the movie you saw yesterday?Mary:Well, I dont really like it. Its just not my type.Lisa:I heard it was very popular with young people. Why dont you like it?Mary:Well, the actors performance sucks. The sound effects are horrible. I really cant stand it.Lisa:Im sorry to hear that, but dont let it ruin your day.Mary:Youre right. Thanks for talking to me.Lisa: Youre welcome. Thats what friends are for. Conversation 2 Conversation 2 Making complaints & responses Making complaints & responsesComplainingI really cant stand it.Im fed up with.Im sick / tired ofIts not what I had in mind / hoped for.I just hate the way youIts got to stop!I hate to bring this up, butIm sorry to say this, butFunctional LanguageConversation 2 Conversation 2 Making complaints & responses Making complaints & responses1.1. Listen to a passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).PassageWord tipsCambridgeUniversity剑桥大学（英国）Latinn.拉丁语nominallyadv.名义上denyv.拒绝Pepsin.百事可乐finev.对处以罚款swordn.剑1.1. Listen to a passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).PassageFTF1Thestudentaskedtheteachertobringhimbeerandhamburgers.2Theteacherwasverysurprisedatthestudentsrequest.3Thestudentenjoyedhisfoodanddrinksomuchthathestoppedansweringtheexampaper.2.2. Listen again and choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences. Passage1.Thecopyofthe400-year-oldLawsofCambridgewaswrittenin_.AEnglishBLatinCGreekB2.2. Listen again and choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences. Passage2.Thestudentwasfinedfivepoundsfor_.AnotansweringtheexampaperBaskingforfoodanddrinkduringtheexamCnotwearingaswordtotheexamC3.Thestoryisintendedtobe_.AAhumorousBeducativeCinformativeHereisatruestoryregardingexamsatCambridgeUniversity.Duringanexamonedayabrightstudentraisedhishandandaskedtheteachertobringhimcakesandbeer.Thedialogwentlikethis:“Ibegyourpardon?”,theteachersaid.“Sir,Irequestthatyoubringmecakesandbeer.”“Sorry,no.Thatwillnothappen.”“Sir,Ireallymustinsist.Irequestandrequirethatyoubringmecakesandbeer.”Atthispoint,thestudenttookoutacopyofthe400-year-oldLawsofCambridge,writteninLatinandstillnominallyineffect,andpointedtothepartwhichsaid,“Gentlemensittingexamsmayrequestandrequirecakesandbeer.”ScriptsPassageTheteacher,thoughverysurprised,couldnolongerdenyhisrequest.Sincecakesandbeercouldntbefoundimmediately,Pepsiandhamburgerswerebroughttothestudent.Andthestudentsatthere,happilyenjoyingthefoodanddrinkwhileansweringtheexampaper.Threeweekslater,thestudentwasfinedfivepounds.Thereasonwasverysimple.Accordingtothe400-year-oldLawsofCambridge,hewassupposedtowearaswordtotheexam.ScriptsPassage3.3. Suppose your class is collecting opinions on the current school rules. Do you have any complaints to make? What suggestions would you like to offer?Passage3.3. Suppose your class is collecting opinions on the current school rules. Do you have any complaints to make? What suggestions would you like to offer?PassageIhavesomecomplaintsamongwhichthemostannoyingthingiswearenotallowedtocurtainourbedsinourdorm.Otherwisewewillbefined20to50yuan.Althoughthiswillmakethedormlookneatandclean,Ithinkthisruleisquiteunfair.Usuallysixstudentssharethesameroom.Sometimeswewanttohavemoreprivacy,soweprefertohaveacurtaintoseparateusfromtheoutsideworld.Isuggestthatweshouldbeallowedtocurtainourbeds.lPassage AlPassage BTechniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceMore than goldReadinglLead-inlText studylExercisesPassage ALead-inlExtended readinglPre-reading questionslVideo appreciationPassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceLead-in- Extended readingPassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence Catch the star that will take you to your dreamCatchthestarthatholdsyourdestiny,theonethatforevertwinkleswithinyourheart.Takeadvantageofpreciousopportunitieswhiletheystillsparklebeforeyou.Alwaysbelievethatyourultimategoalisattainableaslongasyoucommityourselftoit.当生命中的那颗星在你内心闪耀的时候，要学会把握它，永远相信只要自己持之以恒，就一定能够实现自己心中的梦想。Lead-in- Extended readingThoughbarriersmaysometimesstandinthewayofyourdreams,rememberthatyourdestinyishidingbehindthem.Acceptthefactthatnoteveryoneisgoingtoapproveofthechoicesyouvemade.Havefaithinyourjudgment.Catchthestarthattwinklesinyourheartanditwillleadyoutoyourdestinyspath.Followthatpathwayanduncoverthesweetsunrisesthatawaityou.尽管通往梦想的道路上总有坎坷，你需要记住的是，你的命运就隐藏在那困难背后。学会接受这样的事实：不是每一个人都赞同你的选择。你要坚定自己的判断走下去。捕捉住那颗在你内心闪耀的星吧，它将引领你抵达自己的命运之路。沿那条路走下去，你就会发现那属于自己的美丽日出。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceLead-in- Extended readingTakeprideinyouraccomplishments,astheyaresteppingstonestoyourdreams.Understandthatyoumaymakemistakes,butdontletthemdiscourageyou.Valueyourcapabilitiesandtalentsfortheyarewhatmakeyoutrulyunique.Thegreatestgiftsinlifearenotpurchased,butacquiredthroughhardworkanddetermination.Findthestarthattwinklesinyourheartforyoualonearecapableofmakingyourbrightestdreamscometrue.Giveyourhopeseverythingyouvegotandyouwillcatchthestarthatholdsyourdestiny.为自己的成绩自豪，因为它们是你通往梦想的阶梯。要知道你自己也会犯错误，但是可别因此而气馁。正确评价自己的能力，是它们令你与众不同。生活里最丰厚的礼物不是买来的，而是通过艰苦的努力和决心获得的。找到在你内心闪耀的那颗星吧，虽然你独自一人，但也有能力实现你最辉煌的梦想。对即得的怀抱希望并抓住那颗掌控你命运的星吧。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence1.Areyouaself-confidentperson?Whyorwhynot?Pre-reading questionsWork in groups to discuss the following questions.Sampleanswer:1.Yes.Iamaself-confidentperson.IalwaysbelieveIcansucceedaslongasItrymybest.2.Aself-confidentpersonshouldbesureofhisorherabilities.Whenmeetingchallengesordifficulties,heorsheshouldbeoptimistic,activeandenthusiastic.2.Inyouropinion,whatarethecharacteristicsaself-confidentpersonshouldhave?Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceTheLionKingLead-in- Video appreciationPassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceText studylOrganization of the textlLanguage pointslText readingPassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceTechniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence1.Oneofthemostimportantqualitiesthatapersonmustpossessinordertoachievehappinessandsatisfactionisself-confidence.Self-confidencereferstoapersonsbeliefthathehastheabilitytoaccomplishtasksandovercomechallenges.Thesechallengescanbeanything,suchascompletinganassignment,performingwellatwork,orsimplyinteractingwithfamilymembers._2.Often,itiseasierforapersontohavemoreconfidenceinothersthaninthemselves.Thisisnothealthy.Self-confidenceiswhatgivespeoplethedrivetoworktowardtheirgoalsandtheperseverancetocontinuewhendifficultiesarise.Itsimplymakespeoplefeelgoodaboutthemselves.Thosethatareself-confidentarehappierandareabletoachievetheirgoalsmoreeasily._Passage A3.Self-confidenceisamust-haveintodaysworld.Ifapersonlacksthisessentialquality,thenheisusuallyoverlookedwhengoodchancescomearound.Peoplewithoutself-confidencearelessnoticed.Theymerelysitquietlyinthebackground,ignored.Incontrast,peoplewithself-confidencearereadytoexpresstheirthoughtsandfeelings,havemoreenthusiasmandshowastrongerdesiretosucceed.Theyworkhardtoachievetheirgoals.Theyfeelgoodaboutthemselvesandtheirability.Theystrivetoexcelinwaysthatthosewholackself-confidenceonlydreamabout.Thisiswhy,ifapersonwantstobesuccessful,hemustfirstworkonimprovinghisself-confidence._Passage A4.Hereare10waystoimproveyourself-confidence:5.1Improveyourphysicalappearance.Exercising,eatingproperlyanddressingwellareexcellentwaysofdoingthis.Ifyoufeelgoodaboutyouroutwardappearancethenyouaremorelikelytofeelthesameinwardly.6.Concentrateonachievingsmallergoals,ratherthanfocusingonthefinaloverwhelmingtask.Focusingonsmallersuccessescreatesafeelingofconsistentachievementandallowsyoutodealwithlargerchallengesovertime.7.3Dontputthingsoff!Whenpeoplearestressed,theydontoperateattheirhighestlevel.Startonyourtasksimmediatelyandyouwillfindthatyouwillhavemoresuccessandlessanxiety.8.4Helpotherswhentheyreinneed.Lendingahandnaturallymakeseveryonefeelgood.Itboostsonesself-confidencetoseethatothersarebetteroffbecauseofsomethingthatyoudidtohelp.Itmaybesomethingsmallorsomethingmajor.Itdoesntmatterbecauseeventhelittlethingscount._9.5Learnanewskill.Nothingmakesyoufeelmoreconfidentthanwhenyoumastersomethingnew.Taketimetoinvestinyourself,tobuildyourself-confidence.10.Stopbeatingyourselfup.Dontconcentrateonyourweaknesses.Worktoexcludethenegativityfromyourlife.Focusonthepositivethingsyouhavedoneoraregoingtodo.11.7Developaclearplan.Taketimetocreateaplantoaccomplishyourgoals.Nothingismoredamagingtoself-confidencethanfailure.Youwouldntgoonanexpeditionwithoutamap,sotakethetimetocreateaplanforsuccess._Passage A12.8Increaseyournetwork.Youareanimageofthoseyouassociatewith.Seekoutandenhancerelationshipswithpeoplewhohavetheself-confidencecharacteristicsyouarelookingfor.Arisingtideliftsallships.13.9Bethankfulforwhatyouhavebeengiven.Sometimesourvisioniscloudedbyfeelingsofself-pity.Takesometimetoevaluateallofthethingsyouhavetobegratefulforandthenbetrulythankful.Lifecanalwaysbeworse.Andyourjourneytosuccesshastostartfromsomewhere._Passage A14.10Boostyourself-confidencewithamotivationalspeech.Nothingliftsourspiritsmorethanamotivationalspeech.Giveyourselfaburstofmotivation,self-confidenceandinspirationbylisteningtotheinsightsandexpertiseofatrainedmotivationalspeakerortrainer.15.Thepathtoself-confidenceiscontinuous.Workhardonit,andyouwillfindthebenefitsofbelievinginyourselfareendless.Organization of the textStructurePart I (Para. _)Part II (Para. _)Part III (Para. _)1-34-14Introduction:Definitionandimportanceofself-confidence.Main body:10waystoimproveself-confidence.Conclusion:Workhardtobuildupself-confidence15Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceOne of the most important qualities that a person must possess in order to achieve happiness and satisfaction is self-confidence. 一个人要想获得幸福和满足，必备的最重要的品质之一就是自信。我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。TheoldmanthatIvisitedyesterdayismyteacher.本句主语部分较长，其中的定语从句that apersonmust possess in order to achieve happiness andsatisfaction 修饰先行词qualities。(Line 1, Para. 1)Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidencePassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceSelf-confidence refers to a persons belief that he has the ability to accomplish tasks and overcome challenges.(Line 4, Para. 1)自信指的是一个人相信自己有能力完成任务、战胜挑战。他会再来这里，这是毫无疑问的。Thereisnodoubtthathewillcomehereagain.that引导同位语从句，说明belief的内容。同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope,question, theory, ability等等。Self-confidence is what gives people the drive to work toward their goals and the perseverance to continue when difficulties arise.自信能赋予人们朝着目标前进的动力和遇到困难时坚持向前的恒心。他已不是从前的他了。Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.what引导表语从句。当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句；它本身在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。(Line 3, Para. 2)Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidencePassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceSelf-confidence is what gives people the drive to work toward their goals and the perseverance to continue when difficulties arise.他的决心和活力帮助他赢得了决赛。Hisdriveandenergyhelpedhimwinthefinalmatch.(Line 3, Para. 2)gives 后面跟了两个直接宾语 thedrive 和 theperseverance，二者后面都使用动词不定式短语作定语。drive:n.thedeterminationandambitionofapersontoachievesth.决心；动力；雄心Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceIf a person lacks this essential quality, then he is usually overlooked when good chances come around.如果一个人缺少这项基本素质，那么当好机会来临时，他常常会被忽视。lack约翰的真正问题在于他缺乏勇气。Johnsrealproblemisthathelackscourage.v. to not have sth. that you need, or nothaveenoughofit.没有；缺乏(Line 2, Para. 3)If a person lacks this essential quality, then he is usually overlooked when good chances come around.lack他的举止缺乏自信。Therewasalackofconfidenceinhismanner.n.asituationinwhichyoudonothaveanyordonothaveenoughofsth.youneed缺乏；短缺(Line 2, Para. 3)Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceoverlook你不能忽视父母爱你的事实。Youcantoverlookthefactthatyourparentsloveyou.v.tonotnoticesth.忽视，忽略If a person lacks this essential quality, then he is usually overlooked when good chances come around.comearound/round:夏天到来时，玛丽感觉好多了。Bythetimethesummercamearound,Marywasfeelingmuchbetter.torecur;tohappenasusual（有规律的事情）发生，来到(Line 2, Para. 3)Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceThey merely sit quietly in the background, ignored. 他们只静静地坐在暗处，不被人关注。(Line 6, Para. 3)ignored在这里的用法为过去分词作状语。他们进来了，后面跟着他们的孩子。Theycamein,followedbytheirchildren.Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceItwascoldyesterday,butincontrastitshottoday.In contrast, people with self-confidence are ready to express their thoughts and feelings, have more enthusiasm and show a stronger desire to succeed. (Line 7, Para. 3)相反，自信的人愿意表达自己的思想和感情，有更多热情，并显示出较强的成功欲望。昨天很冷，相反今天很热。bereadytodosth.:愿意做某事；乐意做某事incontrast:与此相反；相比之下Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceThey strive to excel in ways that those who lack self-confidence only dream about. 他们追求卓越的方式对于那些缺乏自信的人来说只能是梦想。(Line 12, Para. 3)that在句中引导了定语从句，先行词为ways，该定语从句中还嵌套了一个定语从句wholackself-confidence。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceIt boosts ones self-confidence to see that others are better off because of something that you did to help. 看到别人因你的帮助而变得更好能增强你的自信。(Line 2, Para. 8)see后面跟了由 that引导的宾语从句，它又嵌套了一个定语从句 thatyoudidtohelp，修饰先行词 something。it 为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语，移到了句子后部。Nothing makes you feel more confident than when you master something new. 没有什么比掌握一些新东西更能让你自信了。(Line 1, Para. 9)nothingis/wasmorethansth.:没有比某事/某物更的了。没有什么比幸福和健康更重要的了。Nothingismoreimportantthanhappinessandhealth.Seek out and enhance relationships with people who have the self-confidence characteristics you are looking for. 尝试结交那些拥有你正在努力想获得的自信品质的人，并增进和他们的感情。(Line 2, Para. 12)who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 people，这个定语从句中又嵌套了一个定语从句 youarelookingfor，修饰 theself-confidencecharacteristics。Sometimes our vision is clouded by feelings of self-pity.有时我们的视野会被自我怜悯所遮蔽。不要让你的个人感情影响你的判断。Dontallowyourpersonalfeelingstocloudyourjudgment.(Line 1, Para. 13)cloud:v.tomakesb.lessabletothinkclearlyormakesensibledecisions把搞糊涂cloudsbsjudgment/vision/mind,etc.:影响某人的判断/视野/思维Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceachieve v. tosuccessfullycompletesth.orgetagoodresult,especiallybyworkinghard实现；获得(Line 2, Para. 1)Shehopedtoachieveherambitiontobecomeasinger.她希望实现当歌唱家的抱负。他通过和平手段达到了他的目的。Heachievedhisgoalbypeacefulmeans.Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceItisourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.我们坚信，改善医疗保健会使经济更加繁荣昌盛。出于宗教信仰，他拒绝在礼拜天进行比赛。HerefusestocompeteonSundaysbecauseofhisreligiousbeliefs.n.thefeelingthatsth.isdefinitelytrueordefinitelyexists信心；信念(Line 4, Para. 1)belief Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceHeisamanwhowillspoilratherthanaccomplishthings.他这个人成事不足，败事有余。纵然任务艰巨,我们也要及时完成。Wewillmanagetoaccomplishthetaskintimeeventhoughitisdifficult.v.tosucceedindoingsth.,especiallyaftertryingveryhard完成；实现(Line 5, Para. 1)accomplishPassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence政府军队最终战胜了叛军。Governmenttroopshavefinallyovercomerebelforces.1)v.tofightandwinagainstsb.orsth.战胜；制服2)v.tosuccessfullycontrolafeelingorproblemthatpreventsyoufromachievingsth.克服他努力克服他的羞怯。Hestruggledtoovercomehisshyness.(Line 6, Para. 1)overcome Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence她高兴地接受了任务。Shegladlyacceptedtheassignment.1)n.apieceofworkthatisgiventosb.aspartoftheirjob（分配的）任务2)n.apieceofworkthatastudentisaskedtodo作业英语作业是写一份读书报告。TheEnglishassignmentisabookreport.(Line 7, Para. 1)assignment Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence(Line 8, Para. 1)interact 露茜和班上其他孩子相处得很好。Lucyinteractswellwithotherchildrenintheclass.vt.ifpeopleinteractwitheachother,theytalktoeachother,worktogether,etc.交流；交往（常与with搭配）Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence接力比赛中最基本的因素就是团队合作。 Theessentialpointofrelayracingisthatitisateameffort.1)adj.theessentialpart,quality,orfeatureofsth.isthemostbasicone最基本的；本质的2)adj.extremelyimportantandnecessary极其重要的；必不可少的良好的饮食对每个人来说都是必不可少的。Agooddietisessentialforeveryone.(Line 2, Para. 3)essentialPassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence(Line 5, Para. 3)Itwouldbeirresponsibletoignorethesituation.对这一状况不闻不问，那就是不负责任。vt.tonotpayanyattentiontosb.orsth.忽视；不理他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasiftheyneverexisted.ignorePassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence(Line 7, Para. 3)Ireallyadmireyourenthusiasm.我确实钦佩你的热情。n.astrongfeelingofinterestandenjoymentaboutsth.andaneagernesstobeinvolvedinit热情；热忱enthusiasmenthusiastic:adj. 热情的；热心的；狂热的(Line 9, Para. 3)strive 我仍在努力成为一个成功的音乐家。Iwasstillstrivingtobeasuccessfulmusician.vi.tomakeagreatefforttoachievesth.努力；奋斗常见的搭配有：strivetodosth.努力做某事Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence(Line 9, Para. 3)Sheexcelledallotherauthorsofherday.她超过同时代的所有其他作家。v.todosth.verywell,ormuchbetterthanmostpeople擅长；突出你在做什么，就要擅长什么。Excelatwhatyoudo.excel Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence(Line 4, Para. 5)Themedicineisforoutwardapplicationonly.这药只供外用。adj.relatingtohowapersonorsituationseemstobe,ratherthanhowitreallyis外表的；表面的outward Carolhidherdisappointmentunderanoutwardcheerfulness.卡罗尔表面上的高兴掩盖了她内心的失望。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence(Line 4, Para. 5)Iwasinwardlyfurious.我当时怒火中烧。adv.inasecretorhiddenwaythatisnotobvioustootherpeople在内心inwardly Imanagedtosmile,butinwardlyIwasangry.我试图微笑，但内心里很生气。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence(Line 2, Para. 6)adj.muchlarger,greater,moreimportant,etc.thananyother巨大的；压倒性的overwhelmingoverwhelm:vt. 淹没；压倒；覆盖；压垮 Theproposalhasbeengivenoverwhelmingsupport.该提案已经被给予了强大的支持。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence(Line 3, Para. 6)adj.continuingtohappenordevelopinthesameway持续的；稳定发展的consistent Hisactionisalwaysconsistentwithhiswords.他始终言行一致。常见搭配：beconsistentwithPassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceThematchhasbeenputoffuntiltomorrowbecauseofbadweather.put sth. off推迟；拖延(Line 1, Para. 7)因为天气不好，比赛已经推迟到明天举行。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence(Line 2, Para. 7)Thesalesstaffusuallyoperateasateam.销售部的员工通常是团队运作。v.todoyourjobortrytoachievethingsinaparticularway工作；行事operate operateas;operatebydoingsth.; Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceCarlsonoperatedbygainingpeoplesconfidenceandthentakingtheirmoney.卡尔森的做法是先获取人们的信任然后再骗取他们的钱财。(Line 2, Para. 8)Thenewresortareahasboostedtourism.新的度假区促进了旅游业的发展。v.toincreaseorimprovesth.andmakeitmoresuccessful促进；推动boost Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceTheirsharepriceclimbedagaintoday,boostedbyrisingsales.销售额增加使他们的股票价格今天再次攀升。他发觉自己比其他所有的同伴都好不了多少。Hefoundhimselfnobetteroffthananyofhiscompeers.better off adj.happier,improved,moresuccessful,etc.更好的他们比我们富得多。Theyaremuchbetteroffthanus.(Line 3, Para. 8)Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceNowisagoodtimetoinvestinthepropertymarket.invest in投入（金钱或时间在对自己有用的东西上）(Line 3, Para. 9)现在是投资房地产市场的好时机。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceIfyoudoyourbestandyoulose,youdontneedtobeatyourselfupaboutit.beat yourself up太过自责(Line 1, Para. 10)如果你尽力后仍然失败了，你也不必太过自责。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceSomeofthedatawasspecificallyexcludedfromthereport.exclude sth. from 把排除在外；不包括(Line 2, Para. 10)报告中有些数据被特别地排除在外。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceIdontlikethosepeopleyoureassociatingwith.associate with sb.与某人交往(Line 2, Para. 12)我不喜欢和你交往的那些人。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidenceOurmissionistoseekouttheenemyanddestroythem.seek out 找出；找到(Line 2, Para. 12)我们的任务就是找到敌人并摧毁他们。Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence采取的措施应该明显提高居民的生活质量。Themeasurestakenshouldconsiderablyenhancetheresidentsqualityoflife.enhancev.toimprovesth.增进；提高(Line 2, Para. 12)Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence你应该能够评估你自己的工作。Youshouldbeabletoevaluateyourownwork.evaluatev.tojudgehowgood,useful,orsuccessfulsth.评估；评价(Line 3, Para. 13)Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidencePassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence对于你给予的所有帮助我深怀感激。Imsogratefulforallyourhelp.gratefuladj.feelingthatyouwanttothanksb.becauseofsth.kindthattheyhavedone,orshowingthisfeeling感谢的；感激的(Line 3, Para. 13)琼斯在开幕式上做了一场鼓舞人心的演讲。Jonesgaveamotivationalspeechattheopeningceremony.motivational adj.givingyoutheenthusiasmtodoorcreatesth.鼓舞人心的；激发积极性的(Line 1, Para. 14)motivation积极性；动力杰克是个聪明的学生，但是缺乏积极性。Jackisasmartstudent,buthelacksmotivation.Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidencePassage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence她突然愤怒地打了他。 Shehithiminaburstofanger.1)n.asuddenstrongfeelingoremotion情感的突然爆发2)v.tosuddenlybegintomakeasound,especiallytostartsing,cryingorlaughing.爆发；迸发；突然起来(into)她大哭起来。Sheburstintotears.(Line 3, Para. 14)burst这家公司注重发展自己在电脑程序设计领域的专长。Thecompanyiskeentodevelopitsownexpertiseintheareaofcomputerprogramming.expertisen.specialskillsorknowledgeinaparticularsubjectthatyoulearnbyexperienceortraining专门技能；专门知识(Line 5, Para. 14)Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidence这个问题不属于我的专业知识范围。Thisquestionfallsoutsidemyareaofexpertise.自1732年以来该教堂一直在持续使用。Thechurchhasbeenincontinuoususesince1732.continuousadj.continuingtohappenorexistwithoutstopping持续的；不间断的(Line 1, Para. 15)Passage A Techniques to rapidly improve your self-confidencelVocabulary & StructurelTranslationlComprehension1.1. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).2Peoplewithself-confidencearemoreenthusiasticandshowastrongerdesiretosucceed.1Peopletendtobemoreconfidentinthemselvesthaninotherpeople.3Focusingonsmallergoalswillhelppeoplecreateafeelingofconsistentachievementandhelpthemovercomelargerchallenges.4Peoplemusttaketimetomastersomethingnewinordertobuilduptheirself-confidence.FTTT2.2. Work in groups to answer the following questions.2Canyouthinkofsomeotherwaystoimproveyourself-confidence?Ifyes,whatarethey?1Arethetechniquesmentionedinthepassagesuitableforyou?Whyorwhynot?2.2. Work in groups to answer the following questions.Mostofthemaresuitableforme.Forexample,IalwaystendtofocusonmyweaknessesandthedifficultieswheneverIdosomething.ThusIlackcourageandself-confidence.Butnow, IlearnthatIshouldfocusmoreonthepositiveaspectsandhaveconfidenceinmyself.1Arethetechniquesmentionedinthepassagesuitableforyou?Whyorwhynot?2.2. Work in groups to answer the following questions.Icanimprovemyself-confidencebyreadingmotivationalbooks.Theinspiringwordsinthebookshelpmeovercomedifficultiesandstriveforsuccess!2Canyouthinkofsomeotherwaystoimproveyourself-confidence?Ifyes,whatarethey?Passage A Vocabulary and structure1.Singingcan_thebondbetweenus.2.Thebookgives_intohowpeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldseethings.3.Icannot_hisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.4.Peoplewantthegovernmenttodealwiththeissueinaclearand_way.5.Ifpressuregivesyouthepushtowardyourgoal,_givesyouthepull.1.1. Complete the following sentences with the words given below. Change the form if necessary.consistent enhance motivationinsightevaluateenhanceinsightevaluateconsistentmotivationPassage A Vocabulary and structure1.Wewantpeopletotrysomethingnewandfeelgood_theirachievements.2.You shouldhavemoreconfidence_yourownabilities.3.Theyhadthekindofhousewecouldonlydream_.4.We decidedtoconcentrate_findingahomeclosertoLosAngeles.5.TheInternethasmadeiteasy_peopletoobtaininformationathome.2.2. Complete the following sentences with proper prepositions.aboutinabout/ofonfor1.A_restaurantisaplacewhereyoucangetthingsforyourselfratherthanbeingservedbywaiters.2.OneofthebestthingsIeverdidwasquittingmydayjobandbecoming_.3.Idlikethestudentstogivetheclassa_,sowecangettoknoweachother.4.Ifyouhaveaproblemwith_orwillpower,dosomethingaboutit.5.A_smilesettledonhisface.3.3. Add the prefix “self-” to the words given below. Then complete the following sentences with the words thus formed.servicecontrolintroduction satisfiedemployedself-serviceself-employedself-introductionself-controlself-satisfiedPassage A Vocabulary and structure1.Tomsaysthat_(他有可能在年底以前做出最后的决定).2.Itissaidthat_(她很有可能出国深造).sheisverylikelytostudyoverseasheislikelytomakethefinaldecisionSample:Ifyoufeelgoodaboutyouroutwardappearancethenyouaremorelikelytofeelthesameinwardly(那你在内心也很可能自我感觉良好).Passage A Vocabulary and structurebeforetheendoftheyear4.4. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese given in brackets into English using the expression “be likely to”.3.Wearegladtoknowthat_(他非常有可能成为下一任校长).4._(他不太可能完成这个任务)withinsuchashorttime.HeisnotlikelytofinishthetaskheislikelytobethenextPassage A Vocabulary and structureprincipaloftheschool4.4. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese given in brackets into English using the expression “be likely to”.Sample:Ifyoufeelgoodaboutyouroutwardappearancethenyouaremorelikelytofeelthesameinwardly(那你在内心也很可能自我感觉良好).Passage A Vocabulary and structure5.5. Complete the following passage by choosing from the words given below. Do not use any of the words more than once.Peoplesaythat1)_ishalfofthesuccessandcanbringusthe2)_tosticktowhatwedo.Itisofgreat3)_andvaluetoaperson.Firstly,self-confidenceenablesustohavethe4)_tobesuccessful.Onlywhenwehavetheambitiontobesuccessful,canwebe5)_eventually.Secondly,oncewegainself-confidence,wewillself-confidenceperseveranceimportanceambitionsuccessfulambitionaccomplishovercomecouragetrustperseveranceself-confidenceimportanceinherentignoredcrucialoverwhelmingexcludenegativitysuccessfulPassage A Vocabulary and structure5.5. Complete the following passage by choosing from the words given below. Do not use any of the words more than once.accomplishovercomecouragetrustinherentignoredcrucialoverwhelmingexcludenegativitypossessthecourageandstrengthto6)_thesetbacks(挫折)anddifficulties.Withself-confidence,nooneandnothingcanstopusfromachievingsuccess.Thirdly,withself-confidencewemay7)_somethingwhichseemstobe8)_previously.Weshould,orhaveto9)_inourselves. Inshort,self-confidenceisthespiritualpillar(支柱)ofaperson,whichis10)_toonessuccess.overcomeaccomplishoverwhelmingtrustcrucial1.1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.Theystrivetoexcelinwaysthatthosewholackself-confidence onlydreamabout._2.Give yourselfaburstofmotivation,self-confidenceandinspirationbylisteningtotheinsightsandexpertiseofarainedmotivationalspeakerortrainer._他们追求卓越的方式对于那些缺乏自信的人来说只能是梦想。聆听训练有素的、励志的演讲者或培训师的洞见或专业见解能帮助你激发动力、自信和灵感。1.老师常告诉我们，今天能做的事，不要拖到明天。(putsth.off)_2.真正重要的是你是否熟练地掌握了计算机技能。(count)_3.虽然我们是朋友，但我不喜欢你结交的那些人。(associatewith)_2.2. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English with the help of the words or phrases given in brackets.Ourteacheralwaystellsusthatweshouldntputoffthingswhichcanbedonetodayuntiltomorrow.Whatreallycountsiswhetheryouhaveskilfullymasteredthecomputerskills.Althoughwearefriends,Idontlikethosepeopleyouassociatewith.Passage A TranslationlLead-inlTextstudylExercisesPassage BLead-inlBackground informationlPre-reading activitylVideo appreciation1.MatchthetermsinColumnAwiththeirChinesetranslationsinColumnB.Pre-readingWork in groups to do the following activities.Passage B More than goldColumnAColumnB平衡木自由体操艺术体操跳马鞍马高低杠rhythmicgymnasticsbalancebeamvaultunevenbarspommelhorsefloorThefloorexerciseisaneventforbothmaleandfemaleartisticgymnasts.Itsthefourthandlastofthewomensapparatus,competedaftervault,unevenbars,andbalancebeaminOlympicorder.MencompetethefloorexercisefirstaccordingtotheOlympicorder(floorexercise,pommelhorse,rings,vault,parallelbars,andhighbar).Theallowedtimeforafloorexerciseis50to70secondsformalesand70to90secondsforfemales.Unlikemen,womenalwaysperformroutinestomusicoftheirchoice.2.TalkaboutwhatyouknowaboutthesportsinActivity1.Pre-readingWork in groups to do the following activities.Sampleanswer:Passage B More than goldBackground informationGymnasticsPassage B More than gold1. Vault2. Uneven bars3. Balance beam4. FloorGymnasticsGymnasticsisacomplexcompetitioninvolvingtheperformanceofexercisesrequiringphysicalstrength,flexibility,power,agility,coordination,grace,balanceandcontrol.Internationally,allofthecompetitivegymnasticeventsaregovernedbytheFdrationInternationaledeGymnastique(FIG)(国际体操联合会).Eachcountryhasitsownnationalgoverningbody(BIW)affiliatedtoFIG.Competitiveartisticgymnasticsisthebestknownofthegymnasticevents.Ittypicallyinvolvesthewomenseventsofunevenbars(高低杠),balancebeam(平衡木),floorexercise(自由体操),andvault(跳马).Menseventsarefloorexercise,pommelhorse(鞍马),stillrings(吊环),vault,parallelbars(双杠),andthehighbar(高杠).Passage B More than goldGymnasticsPassage B More than gold1. VaultInthevaultingeventsgymnastssprintdowna25metres(82ft)runway,jumpontoorperformaroundoffentryontoaspringboard(run/take-offsegment),landmomentarily,invertedonthehandsonthevaultinghorse,orvaultingtable(preflightsegment),thensprintoffofthisplatformtoatwofootedlanding(postflightsegment).Everygymnaststartsatadifferentpointonthevaultrunwaydependingontheirheightandstrength.Passage B More than gold2. Uneven barsPassage B More than goldOntheunevenbars,thegymnastperformsaroutineontwohorizontalbarssetatdifferentheights.Thesebarsaremadeoffiberglasscoveredinwoodlaminate,topreventthemfrombreaking.Thewidthofthebarsmaybeadjusted.Gymnastsperformswinging,circling,transitional,andreleasemoves,thatmaypassover,under,andbetweenthetwobars.Movementsmaypassthroughthehandstand.GymnastsoftenmounttheUnevenBarsusingaspringboard,orasmallmat.Chalkandgrips(aleatherstripwithholesforfingerstoprotecthandsandimproveperformance)maybeusedwhiledoingthisevent.2. Uneven barsPassage B More than gold3. Balance beamThegymnastperformsachoreographedroutineofupto90secondsinlengthconsistingofleaps,acrobaticskills,somersaults,turnsanddanceelementsonapaddedbeam.Thebeamis125centimetres(4ft1in)fromtheground,500centimetres(16ft5in)long,and10centimetres(3.9in)wide.Theeventrequires,inparticular,balance,flexibility,poiseandstrength.Passage B More than gold4. FloorToday,theflooreventoccursonacarpeted12m12msquare,usuallyconsistingofhardfoamoveralayerofplywood,whichissupportedbyspringsorfoamblocksgenerallycalledaspringfloor.Thisprovidesafirmsurfacethatprovidesextrabounceorspringwhencompressed,allowinggymnaststoachieveextraheightandasofterlandingthanwouldbepossibleonastandardfloor.Gymnastsperformachoreographedroutineupto90secondsinthefloorexerciseevent.Theymustchooseanaccompanyingmusicpiece.Passage B More than goldIcePrincessLead-in- Video appreciationPassage B More than goldText studylOrganization of the textlLanguage pointslText readingPassage B More than gold1.“Up next on the beam is No.7 of team Desert Devils,” I heard the announcer saying. Raising my eyes to the crowd, I saw my family grinning, ready to watch the game. Quickly looking back to the judges, I waited for their salute. My stomach was filled with anxious butterflies. After the judges examined my stance, they gave me approval to begin. I slowly inhaled as I mounted the beam and suddenly I was skillfully and easily gliding across the narrow surface lost in my routine.More than gold_ 2. Gymnastics has consumed my life since I was five. Practicing 15 hours a week, the sport molded me into a hard-working, goal-setting child filled with aspirations. I never allow myself to give up easily no matter how hard it is. Then there was this particular stunt that for whatever reason I could not seem to master. I dreaded the front hip circle on the high bar. Even with my teammates encouraging me, I could never follow through with the final turn. Knowing that the state competition was just around the corner, I realized I could cost my team the gold medal. Why cant I do this? Im the only one who cant master this stunt. The way I saw it, I was a failure if I couldnt do what seemed impossible._3. The coaches pushed us to our limits. Passing out or throwing up was common and if we didnt push ourselves, we were viewed as people who gave up easily. I suppose that is why I was so affected by my inability to master that front hip circle.4. The day before the competition, my coaches and I planned slight changes in my routine that eliminated the front hip circle. We all knew that this would dock me major points, but it was our only choice. I had given up for the first time in my life.Passage B5.Thenextday,Iwasanervouswreck.Thiscompetitionwascrucial.WinningtheArizonaStateCompetitionwouldputusaboveourclosestrival.AsIdidmyfloorandvaultroutines,mymindwaspreoccupiedwiththehighbar.ItwasnotuntilImountedthebalancebeamthatIcametorealizethatIwasapowerfulbeingwhocontrolledmyfuture.ThisgavemegreatstrengthasIfinishedmybalancebeamroutinewithascoreof9.3.6.Imovedtomyhighbarroutineandforwhateverreason,IsuddenlyfeltasifIcouldaccomplishanything.Icoulddothefronthipcircle.IjustknewIcould.Iplungedforwardwithallmymightandthrustmybodyoverthetopofthebar.TimestoppedasIfeltmybodymakeafullrotationaroundthebar.ButthistimeIdidntfalloffasIroundedthelastturn.No._Passage B7.IdidafeatthatIhadthoughtimpossible.IgrinnedasIfinishedwithastrongsenseofpassion.IlookedtomycoachesasIgotoffandwaitedfortheirreaction.Theirfacesglowedwithprideastheytoldmetheyhadalwaysbelievedinme.Ijusthadntbelievedinmyself.Thatcompetitionawardedouroverallteamthegoldmedal.Iwasalsopersonallyawardedthegoldmedalformybalancebeamroutine,butnothingwasmorerewardingthanwhatIhadaccomplishedonthehighbar.8.Thatonecompetitionrewardedmewithmorethanagoldmedal.ThatdayInotonlylearnedhowimportantinnerstrengthis,butalsohowmiraculousbelievinginyourselfcanbe.IneverrealizedthatIhadtheabilitytocontrolmyownlifeuntilthatverymoment.Ialwaysfeltmyparents,coachesorfriendsweretheleaderstofollow.NowIseethatsometimesyouhavetofollowyourownheart,andthenyoullrealizeitispossibletoconquertheimpossible._Organization of the textStructurePart I (Para. _)Part II (Para. _)Part III (Para. _)12-78Beginning: I participated in the gymnastics competition. Development: How I overcame my inner fear and won the competition. End: What I learned from the competition.Passage B More than gold“Up next on the beam is No.7 of team Desert Devils,” I heard the announcer saying. “下一个登上平衡木的是沙漠旋风队的七号队员，”我听见播音员说道。为了使描绘显得更加生动，一些表示方位的副词比如up,in,out等可以移到句首，后面用倒装。箭向上空中射去。Upwentthearrowintotheair.(Line 1, Para. 1)一个她从未见过的女孩进来了。Incameagirlshehasnotseenbefore.Passage B More than goldhearsb.doing: 听见某人正在做某事。doing为现在分词，在某些动词后面构成复合宾语。与hear有类似用法的动词还有see,smell,catch,feel,find等。Iseehimpassingmyhouseeveryday.我看见他每天经过我的屋子。“Up next on the beam is No.7 of team Desert Devils,” I heard the announcer saying. (Line 1, Para. 1)Passage B More than goldRaising my eyes to the crowd, I saw my family grinning, ready to watch the game. 听到这里，我向人群眺望，看见家人满脸笑容, 准备观看比赛。(Line 3, Para. 1)raisingmyeyestothecrowd 为现在分词短语作状语，readytowatchthegame 为形容词短语作状语。形容词作状语时，常和句子的谓语用逗号隔开。ShewentbacktoBoston,eagertoseeherchildren.她返回波斯顿，急切地去见她的孩子。Passage B More than goldMy stomach was filled with anxious butterflies.我十分紧张。这句话是从have/getbutterfliesinsb.sstomach(感到紧张；感到兴奋) 这个短语衍生来的。(Line 6, Para. 1)Ialwayshavebutterfliesinmystomachbeforeatest.考试前我总是很紧张。Passage B More than goldAfter the judges examined my stance, they gave me approval to begin.裁判检查我的站姿后，向我示意可以开始。-al为名词后缀，approval是动词approve的名词形式。类似的还有：propose(v. 提议)proposal(n.议案)-al还可以加在名词后构成形容词，如：nation(n.国家)national(adj.国家的)。(Line 7, Para. 1)Passage B More than goldI slowly inhaled as I mounted the beam and suddenly I was skillfully and easily gliding across the narrow surface lost in my routine.登上平衡木时我慢慢地吸气，然后迅速、轻松、熟练地滑过狭窄的平衡木，完成规定动作。lostinsth.:全神贯注于；沉浸于哈里只是站在那儿，陷入了沉思。Harryjuststoodthere,lostinthought.(Line 8, Para. 1)爱丽丝躺在床上，沉浸在她的书中。Alicelayonherbed,lostinherbook.Passage B More than goldPracticing 15 hours a week, the sport molded me into a hard-working, goal-setting child filled with aspirations.通过每周十五个小时的训练，这项运动把我塑造成了一个勤奋刻苦、有目标、有抱负的孩子。practicing15hoursaweek 为现在分词短语作状语；filledwithaspirations 为过去分词短语作定语，跟在所修饰词的后面，作用相当于一个定语从句，即whowasfilledwithaspirations。(Line 2, Para. 2)Passage B More than gold突然出现了一个穿绿衣服的年轻女子。Suddenlythereappearedayoungwomandressed(whowasdressed)ingreen.Then there was this particular stunt that for whatever reason I could not seem to master.(Line 5, Para. 2)that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 thisparticularstunt。无论如何，我都不想跟你一起去度假。Forwhateverreason,Idontwanttogoonholidaywithyou.forwhateverreason: 无论出于何种原因；不管出于什么原因。Passage B More than gold但却有那么一个特技动作，我似乎无论如何都无法掌握。Even with my teammates encouraging me, I could never follow through with the final turn.(Line 8, Para. 2)尽管队友们鼓励我，我却永远也通不过这最后一关。Passage B More than gold天亮了，吹来一阵清新的微风。Thedaywasbright,withafreshbreezeblowing.withsb.doing为介词后跟了包含现在分词构成的复合宾语。Even with my teammates encouraging me, I could never follow through with the final turn.(Line 8, Para. 2)Passage B More than gold大卫决定将他的计划进行到底。Davidwasdeterminedtofollowhisplanthrough.followthrough: 将（某事）进行到底Knowing that the state competition was just around the corner, I realized I could cost my team the gold medal.得知全州比赛临近，我意识到自己可能会拖累我的团队致使我们拿不到金牌。(just)around/roundthecorner有两个意思：A 即将发生的；B 在附近圣诞节就要来了，我们必须准备些礼物。Christmasisaroundthecorner,soweshouldpreparesomegifts.(Line 8, Para. 2)附近有一家超市。Theresasupermarketaroundthecorner.Passage B More than goldKnowing that the state competition was just around the corner, I realized I could cost my team the gold medal.(Line 8, Para. 2)Passage B More than goldcost:v.to causethelossofsth.asaresultofsth.thathashappenedorthatyouhavedone 导致的损失；以为代价costsb.theirlife/job/marriage,etc.: 以某人的生命/工作/婚姻等为代价以超出两倍限速的速度驾驶导致这个女人吊销驾驶执照。Driving at more than double the speed limit cost thewomanherdrivinglicense.It was not until I mounted the balance beam that I came to realize that I was a powerful being who controlled my future.(Line 4, Para. 5)who引导了定语从句，修饰先行词 apowerfulbeing。此句为强调句，强调的部分为时间状语notuntilImountedthebalancebeam。Passage B More than gold直到登上平衡木，我才意识到自己是可以掌控自己未来的强大的人。 and for whatever reason, I suddenly felt as if I could accomplish anything.(Line 1, Para. 6)Passage B More than gold这会议似乎开得没完没了了。Itseemedasifthemeetingwouldneverend.asif: 好像；似乎；仿佛不知什么原因，我突然感觉自己好像可以完成任何事情。That day I not only learned how important inner strength is, but also how miraculous believing in yourself can be.(Line 2, Para. 8)believinginyourself 为动名词短语作主语。learn后面跟了两个宾语从句，一个是howimportantinnerstrengthis，另一个是howmiraculousbelievinginyourselfcanbe。Passage B More than gold就在那一天，我不仅意识到内心的力量是多么重要，而且懂得了相信自己是多么神奇。grin v.tosmilewidely咧着嘴笑她咧着嘴向我笑，眼睛里闪着光。Shegrinnedatme,hereyessparkling.(Line 4, Para. 1)Passage B More than goldjudgen.sb.whodecidesontheresultofacompetition（比赛的）裁判员裁判组成员包括几个著名歌手。Thepanelofjudgesincludedseveralwell-knownsingers.(Line 5, Para. 1)Passage B More than gold你必须去看医生，做个全面体检。Youmustseeyourdoctorforathoroughexamination.examine v.tolookatsth.carefullyinordertoseewhatitislike检查(Line 7, Para. 1)Passage B More than gold她打开箱子，检查东西。Sheopenedthesuitcaseandexaminedthecontents.examination:n.考试；检查；查问。一家公司没有大股东的许可是不能出售的。Acompanycannotbesoldwithouttheapprovaloftheshareholders.approval n.officialagreementorpermission,givenbysb.inauthority批准；认可(Line 8, Para. 1)Passage B More than goldPassage B More than gold玛利亚再次说话前深深地吸了口气。Mariainhaleddeeplybeforespeakingagain.inhalev.tobreatheinair,smoke,orgas吸入；吸气(Line 9, Para. 1)她登上台阶去领奖。Shemountedthestepstoreceivetheaward.mountv.togoupstairsortoclimbupsomewhere登上；爬上(Line 9, Para. 1)Passage B More than goldglidev.tomovesmoothlyandquietly,asifwithouteffort 滑行；滑动(Line 10, Para. 1)几对夫妇正滑过舞池。Therewerecouplesglidingoverthedancefloor.Passage B More than gold事故发生后他充满了内疚。Hewasconsumedwithguiltaftertheaccident.consume1)v.totakeallofyourattentionsothatyoucannotthinkofanythingelse充满；使全神贯注她把很多时间用在学习上。Sheconsumesmuchofhertimeinstudying.2)tousetime,energy,goodsetc消耗，消费(Line 1, Para. 2)Passage B More than goldPassage B More than goldadj. dreadful 可怕的；糟透的，令人不快的我害怕我会被要求做一个演讲。ImdreadingthatIllbeaskedtomakeaspeech.dreadv.tofeelanxiousorworriedaboutsth.thatisgoingtohappenormayhappen畏惧；担心(Line 7, Para. 2)Passage B More than goldlimitn.thegreatestpossibleamountofsth.thatcanexistorbeobtained 极限(Line 1, Para. 3)他已经达到了他忍耐的极限。Hehadreachedthelimitofhispatience.Passage B More than goldinabilityn.thefactofbeingunabletodosth. 无法；没能力(Line 5, Para. 3)她的注意力不集中可能造成事故。Herinabilitytoconcentratecouldcauseanaccident.Passage B More than goldeliminatev.togetridofsth.thatisnotwantedorneeded 剔除；消除(Line 2, Para. 4)高脂肪的食物应该从饮食中被剔除。Fattyfoodshouldbeeliminatedfromthediet.Passage B More than golddockv.toreducetheamountofsth.suchasthemoneyyoupaysb.asapunishment 扣（工资等）(Line 3, Para. 4)如果上班迟到，公司会扣他们的工资。Thecompanydockedtheirwagesiftheycamelatetowork.多天的辛苦工作后他看起来十分疲惫。Helookedacompletewreckafterdaysofhardwork.wreck1)n.sb.whoisverynervous,tired,orunhealthy十分紧张/疲劳/不健康的人撞车以后，那辆车成了毫无价值的残骸。Thecarwasaworthlesswreckafterthecollision.2)Somethingsuchasacarorplanethathasbeendamagedverybadly,especiallyinanaccident失事船，残骸(Line 1, Para. 5)Passage B More than goldcrucialadj.sth.thatiscrucialisextremelyimportant,becauseeverythingelsedependsonit 至关重要的；关键性的(Line 2, Para. 5)安德森在球队星期天的胜利中起到了至关重要的作用。AndersonplayedacrucialroleintheteamsvictoryonSundayPassage B More than goldrivaln.aperson,group,ororganizationthatyoucompete withinsport,business,afight,etc. 对手；竞争者(Line 3, Para. 5)她比她最近的竞争对手快两分钟。Shewastwominutesfasterthanhernearestrival.Passage B More than goldpreoccupiedadj.thinkingaboutsth.alot,withtheresultthatyoudonotpayattentionto otherthings 全神贯注的(Line 4, Para. 5)此刻他正全神贯注地准备婚礼。Hescompletelypreoccupiedwithalltheweddingpreparationsatthemoment.Passage B More than goldthrustv.topushsth.somewhereroughly 猛推(Line 4, Para. 6)他粗暴地把我向门口推去。Hethrustmeroughlytowardthedoor.Passage B More than goldfeatn.sth.thatisanimpressiveachievement,becauseitneedsalotofskill,strength,etc. 壮举；业绩(Line 1, Para. 7)那条隧道是工程学的一大壮举。Thetunnelisaremarkablefeatofengineering.Passage B More than goldv. react反应；影响；反抗；起反作用他的第一反应是否认一切。Hisfirstreactionwastodenyeverything.reactionn.sth.youfeelordobecauseofsth.thathashappenedorbeensaid反应(Line 3, Para. 7)对牛奶过敏的人可能对奶酪也有不良反应。Someoneallergictomilkislikelytoreacttocheese.Passage B More than goldglowv.tolookveryhappybecauseyoufeelproud,etc. 由于自豪/愉快/高兴等而容光焕发(Line 4, Para. 7)他的父母的脸上焕发着自豪之情。Thefacesofhisparentsglowwithpride.Passage B More than goldrewardingadj. makingyoufeelhappyandsatisfiedbecauseyoufeelyouaredoingsth.usefulorimportant,evenifyoudonotearnmuchmoney 值得做的；有意义的(Line 8, Para. 7)教学是一个非常有意义的职业。Teachingcanbeaveryrewardingcareer.Passage B More than goldmiraculousadj.verygood,completelyunexpected,andoftenverylucky 不可思议的；神奇的(Line 3, Para. 8)她奇迹般地从受伤中恢复过来了。Shemadeamiraculousrecoveryfromherinjuries.Itrytomoldthesechildrenintoteamplayers.mold sb. into塑造成(Line 3, Para. 2)我努力将这些孩子培养成为有团队意识的运动员。Passage B More than gold昏过去；晕倒(Line 2, Para. 3)扩展：passthrough穿过；通过passon传递；继续；去世passby经过；走过；逝去passthetime打发时间；消磨时光InearlypassedoutwhenIsawalltheblood.当我看到到处都是血时我几乎晕倒了。Passage B More than goldpass outThesmellalmostmademethrowup.（因生病或醉酒）呕吐(Line 2, Para. 3)那气味差点使我呕吐。Passage B More than goldthrow uplVocabulary & structurelTranslationlComprehensionlOral work1.1. Arrange the following events in the correct order of time.7AThecompetitionearnedthewriteragoldmedalandmadeherbelieveinherself.BThewritercouldntmasterthefronthipcircleonthehighbar.CSincetheageoffive,thewriterstartedlearninggymnastics.DThewritermovedtoherhighbarroutineanddidthefronthipcirclesuccessfully.216Passage B Comprehension1.1. Arrange the following events in the correct order of time.3EThedaybeforethecompetition,thewriterandhercoachesdecidedtoremovethefronthipcirclefromherroutine.FThewritermountedthebalancebeamandfinishedwithascoreof9.3.GThejudgesexaminedthewritersstanceandgaveherapprovaltobegin.542.2. Work in groups to discuss the following questions.Passage B Comprehension1.Whatdoyoulearnfromthewritersstory?Wemustbelieveinourselvesandtryourbesttodothings.Nomatterwhathappenedinmytrainingorcompetition,IthinkIwouldtrymybest.Thenwhatevertheresult,Iwouldjusttakeit.2.Ifyouwereanathlete,whatwouldyoudowhenyouhaddifficultiesintrainingorcompetition?1.1.Match the words in Column A with their definitions in Column B.Column AColumn Bverygood,completelyunexpected,andoftenveryluckyanimpressiveachievementneedingalotofstrength,skill,etc.apositioninwhichyoustand,especiallywhenplayingasportadangerousactionthatisdonetoentertainpeopletogetridofsth.thatisnotwantedorneededasetofmovements,etc.thatformpartofaperformancestuntroutineeliminatemiraculousstancefeat2.2. Complete the following sentences with the words given below. Change the form if necessary.Passage B Vocabulary and structureglidedreadwreckplungecrucial1Hesaiditwas_thatthematterbesettledassoonaspossible.2Ifyou_somethingwhichmayhappen,youfeelveryanxiousandunhappyaboutit.3Whatcausedtheplaneto_intotheoceanremainsamystery.4She_acrossthestageofLondonsLyricTheater.5Momlookedlikeacomplete_aftermywedding.crucialplungeglides/glideddreadwreck3.3. Complete the following sentences with the expressions given below. Change the form if necessary.Passage B Vocabulary and structure1Everyonewhoreachedthetopofthemountainwas_amagnificent(壮丽的)view.2Martin_hisownlifethathedidntnoticehisdaughtersproblems.3Thegroup_alcoholism_aphysical,mental,andspiritualdisease.4Winningthegame,hisheartwas_joy.5_paintingwasthelastthingweexpectedhimtodo.viewsb./sth.asfillwithgiveupbepreoccupiedwithrewardsb.withsth.rewardedwithviewfilledwithwaspreoccupiedwithGivingupasPassage B Vocabulary and structure4.4. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English using “Nothing is / was more. than.”. Nothing is / was more.than. 表示“没有比更的了” 。Sample:I was also personally awarded the gold medal for my balance beam routine, but nothing was more rewarding than what I had accomplished on the high bar(没有什么东西比我在高低杠的高杠上完成的动作更有意义).1.Peoplealwayssay_(没有什么东西比时间更珍贵).nothing is more precious than timePassage B Vocabulary and structure2.Ibelieve_(没有什么比独立和自由更宝贵).3.Forthesechildren,_(没有比接受教育更重要的事了).4.AsIseeit,_(没有比听音乐更令人愉快的事了).nothing is more precious than independencenothing is more important than tonothing is more pleasant than listening to4.4. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English using “Nothing is / was more. than.”. and freedomreceive education music 1.1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.Practicing15hoursaweek,thesportmoldedmeintoahard-working,goal-settingchildfilledwithaspirations._通过每周十五个小时的训练，这项运动把我塑造成了一个勤奋刻苦、有目标、有抱负的孩子。2.ItwasnotuntilImountedthebalancebeamthatIcametorealizethatIwasapowerfulbeingwhocontrolledmyfuture._直到登上平衡木，我才意识到自己是可以掌控自己未来的强大的人。1.我的老师是一位著名的艺术家，他准备把我塑造成一个音乐家。(moldsb.into)_2.2. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English with the help of the phrases given in brackets.Myteacherisacelebratedartist,andheplanstomoldmeintoamusician.Passage B Translation2.到世界各地旅行是丰富多彩而又有意义的经历。(rewarding)_Travelingaroundtheworldisakindofcolorfulandrewardingexperience.3.她对这一消息的反应完全出乎我们的意料。(reaction)_Herreactiontothenewsiscompletelyoutofourexpectation.Work in groups to discuss the following questions.1.Whoisyourfavoritesportsstar?Why?2.Whichdoyouthinkismoreimportant:participationorgoldmedal?Giveyourreasons.Work in groups to discuss the following questions.1.Whoisyourfavoritesportsstar?Why?MyfavoritesportsstarisYaoMing.Ilikehimnotonlybecauseofhissuperbsportsskills,butalsobecauseofhispersonality.Heworksveryhard.Heispatrioticandhasastrongwill.Work in groups to discuss the following questions.2.Whichdoyouthinkismoreimportant:participationorgoldmedal?Giveyourreasons.Ithinkparticipationismoreimportant.Everysportspersondreamsaboutgettingagoldmedaltoprovehisorherability.However,thereisonlyonegoldmedal.Iftheydonotgetit,itdoesntmeanthattheyarenotasgoodastheothers.Aslongastheyworkhard,theydeserverespectandapplause.lPastparticiples(过去分词)lExercisesGrammar过去分词是非谓语动词的一种，英语中大部分动词都以加ed词尾的办法构成过去分词。过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成，在句子中可以作表语、定语和宾语补足语等。下面仅介绍过去分词作前置定语和宾语补足语的用法。一、过去分词作前置定语一、过去分词作前置定语1.表示被动的意义。现在分词和过去分词都可以作前置定语，但现在分词表示主动意义，和它修饰或说明的词逻辑上是主谓关系；过去分词表示被动意义，和它修饰或说明的词逻辑上是动宾关系。e.g.1)afrightenedgirl（吓坏了的女孩，sth./sb.frightenedthegirl）2)afrighteninggirl（吓人的女孩，thegirlcanfrightenothers）Grammar - Past participles Grammar - Past participles 2.表示完成的意义。作前置定语时，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词则表示已经完成的动作。e.g.1)thefallenleaves（叶子已经落下）2)thefallingleaves（叶子正在落下）3)therisensun（太阳已经升起）4)therisingsun（太阳正在升起）二、过去分词作宾语补足语二、过去分词作宾语补足语1.过去分词可跟在感官动词，如：feel,hear,notice,see,watch等后面作宾语补足语。e.g.1)Shesawthewoundedmancarriedintothehospital.2)Ihaveneverheardthesongsunginmyschool.Grammar - Past participles 2.过去分词可跟在使役动词，如：get,have,keep,leave,make等后面作宾语补足语。e.g.1)Hemanagedtogetthetaskfinishedontime.2)Dontleavethethingsundone.3.介词with后的复合宾语也可以用过去分词作补足语。e.g.1)Liedownwithyourhandsclaspedbehindyourhead.2)Thatyearendedwithnothingsettled.1.1. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the following sentences.Grammar - Exercises1.The_(breaking/broken)disheslayonthefloor.2.Therewasan_(exciting/excited)lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.3._(Speaking/Spoken)Englishisdifferentfrom_(writing/written)Englishinmanyways.4.Mr. Knight gavea_ (satisfying/satisfied)smile.broken excitedSpokensatisfiedwritten2.2. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences.Grammar - Exercises1.InthedreamPetersawhimself_byafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenly.AchasedBtobechasedCbechasedDhavingbeenchased2.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherEnglish_inashortperiod.AtoimproveBimprovingCimprovedDimproveA C2.2. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences.Grammar - ExercisesAunderstandBunderstoodCunderstandingDbeingunderstood4.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions_.AturndownBturningdownCturneddownDbeingturneddown5.Allafternoonheworkedwiththedoor_.AlockedBlockingCbeinglockedDlockC A 3.BecauseofmypoorEnglishImafraidIcantmakemyself_.BlArgumentativeessays(议论文)lExercisesWriting议论文是用来阐述作者观点的文章，其写作目的是说服读者同意并接受某个观点。议论文有三要素：1. 明确的论点论点是作者阐述和说明的立场和观点。它通常是一个有争议的观点。2. 充分的论据论据是作者用来证明论点的依据。常常用到的论据有具体事例、统计数据、权威的意见和真理、定律等。NotesWriting Argumentative essays3. 符合逻辑的论证论证是用论据来证明自己观点的过程和方法。议论文中常用的论证方法实际上就是说明文中常见的写作手法，如举例说明、比较与对比、因果分析等。下面我们通过一篇例文来感受一下议论文的这些特点。The school uniform questionMostpeoplebelieveintherighttoexpresstheirownopinionwithoutfearofpunishment.Thisvalue,however,iscomingunderfireinthepublicschoolclassroom.Theissueisschooluniforms.ShouldpublicschoolstudentsbeallowedWriting Argumentative essaysto make individual decisions about clothing, or should allstudentsberequiredtowearauniform?Schooluniformsarethebetterchoiceforthreereasons.First,wearingschooluniformswouldhelpmakestudentslivessimpler. Theywouldnolongerhavetodecidewhattoweareverymorning.Uniformswouldnotonlysavetimebutalsoeliminatethestressoftenassociatedwiththischore.Second, school uniforms influence students to actresponsibly in groups and as individuals. Uniforms givestudentsthemessagethatschoolisaspecialplaceforlearning.Inaddition,uniformscreateafeelingofunityamongstudents.Forexample,whenstudentsdosomethingasagroup,suchasWriting Argumentative essaysattendingmeetingsintheauditoriumoreatinglunchinthecafeteria,thefactthattheyallwearthesameuniformgivesthemasenseofcommunity.Finally,schooluniformswouldhelpmakeallthestudentsfeel equal. Students standards of living differ greatly fromfamilytofamily.Peoplesometimesforgetthatschoolisaplaceto get an education, not to promote a “fashion show.”Implementingmandatory(强制性的)schooluniformswouldmake all the students look the same regardless of theirfinancialstatus.Thusschooluniformscouldpromoteprideandhelptoraisetheself-esteemofstudentswhocannotaffordtowearexpensiveclothing.Writing Argumentative essays本文第一段提出了一个有争议的话题，即学校是否应该要求学生统一穿校服，并开门见山地提出了自己的观点，点明下文将从三个方面论证为何支持学生统一穿校服。第二、三、四段分别从利于简单生活、增强群体归属感和促进校园平等三个角度对论点进行了论证。论证过程中采用了举例说明等常见的论证方法，比如学生参加会议或就餐等群体性活动时，穿校服有益于增强群体归属感。最后一段收尾，再次强调了作者的观点，回归主题。In conclusion, there are many benefits of requiringstudents to wear school uniforms. Public schools shouldrequire uniforms in order to benefit both the students andsocietyasawhole.Read the following essay. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences.The purpose of university educationThereisnodoubtthathelpingstudentsfindajobisoneoftheprimaryfunctionsofuniversityeducation,butuniversitiesdo exist for other purposes such as improving studentsanalyticalskillsandraisingstudentsmoralstandards.A university education can be seen as a process ofimprovingstudentsanalyticalthinking.Thevarietyofcoursesofferedatuniversityinspiresstudentsinvariousways,thereforeimprovingtheiranalyticalability.Forexample,sciencecoursessuchasmathandbiologyhelpstudentsdevelopWriting - ExercisesThe purpose of university educationarationalwayofthinkingwhereascoursesinsocialsciencesforce students to recognize the ideas that have beentraditionallyassumedtobeacceptable.Withthedevelopmentofthesetypesofanalyticalthinking,graduatescanfacefuturechallengeswithmoreconfidenceandenthusiasm.Also, university education is expected to improvestudentsmoralstandards.Thisisrootedinuniversitiesbeliefthat students awareness of responsibility toward theircommunityandtheircountryisofhighimportance.Nowadays,studentsareencouragedtoactivelyparticipateinimprovingthelocalcommunity.AuniversitythatprovidescareandWriting - ExercisesThe purpose of university educationfacilitiesforphysicallydisadvantagedstudentsmayinspirethegraduatestobetterhandlesituationsinthefuturewheretheymayhavetointeractwiththedisabledcommunity.Asuccessfuluniversityeducationissupposedtoproducemorallysoundgraduates,thereforeincreasingtheircompetitiveness(竞争力).Inconclusion,universityeducationshouldnotonlyhelpstudentslocateadecentjobbutalsohelpthemdevelopotherqualitiessuchasenhancingtheiranalyticalskillsandcultivatingtheirspirit.Writing - Exercises1.Theessayisintendedtobe_.ApersuasiveinBformativeA2.Thethesisstatementoftheessayis_.A ThefirstparagraphB ThefirstsentenceinthesecondparagraphA3.Thewriterdoesnotuse_tosupporthisargumentintheessay.B4.Wecaninferfromtheessaythatpeopleusuallythink_isthemostimportantpurposeofuniversityeducation.A findingagoodjobB enhancinganalyticalskillsAAexamplesBstatisticslPsychologicalcounselinginAmericalQuestionsCulture expressCulture express - Psychological counseling in AmericaMostAmericansconsiderpsychologicalcounselingasthesymbolofconfidenceandwealth.Whentheyencountersometrouble such as emotional frustration, poor interpersonalrelationship,environmentmaladjustment(不适应生活环境),personalitydisorders,neurosis(神经官能症),etc.,theywillturntopsychologicalworkersforhelp.Nowadays,toAmericans,receivingpsychologicalcounselingisasnaturalandsimpleaseatingMacDonald.IntheUnitedStates,everymiddleclasshashis or her own psychological counselor, even if the U.S.presidenthasone.OncesomeonedescribedthatthesuccessfulAmericans are supported by two people, one is the lawcounselor,theotheristhepsychologicalcounselor.Culture express - Psychological counseling in AmericaAsearlyas1963,PresidentKennedysignedadocumentofsetting up the community mental health center and thedocumentinformoftheproposedbillwasapprovedbytheCongress. Since then, various organizations of psychologicalserviceandtreatmentdevelopedquicklyintowns.Therearelotsofpeoplewhoareclinicalpsychologists,socialworkersandmentalparamedics(医务辅助人员).Andthousandsofpeoplereceivepsychologicalcounselingandmentalcareeveryyear.NowonderDr. Schulze,thefamousAmericanpsychologist,claimsthattheAmericansarethemostconfidentandpracticalpeopleintheworld.IfIhadsomepsychologicalproblems,Iwouldtalkwithmyparents,friends,ormyteachers.ButIdontwanttoconsultapsychologicalclinic.Yousee,itsmyownlittlething.ItisnotsoseriousthatIhavetogotoaclinic.1Whatwouldyoudoifyouhavesomepsychologicalproblems?Work in groups to discuss the following questions.Idontthinkthereisanythinguncommon.Therapidsocialchangesarecausingpsychologicalstressamongpeople.Workingpressure,moneyproblems,burdensofmarriageandchildrenarecreatingmoredemandsforprofessionalcounselingservicesthaneverbefore.Ifonespsychologicalproblemissoseriousthathecantsolveitbyhimself,whycanthegototheprofessionalinstitutiontofindtheanswers!Work in groups to discuss the following questions.2Doyouthinkitsuncommonthatsomeonegoestoseeapsychologicalcounselor?Whyorwhynot?