小学数学课程中的英语名词高金泰2011年9月22日本讲座所涉及数学词汇大部分出自GMAT(GraduateManagementAdmissionTest的缩写)及本人的教学积累,由于准备时间不足,不一定百分之百准确,欢迎大家批评指正!本讲座的主要内容一、小学数学课程中的英语名词二、小学数学运算的英语表达具例三、对小学生有益的若干英语名言四、三个有意义的英语缩写词一、小学数学课程中的英语名词一、小学数学课程中的英语名词1. 有关数的名词有关数的名词naturalnumber自然数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数oddinteger,oddnumber奇数eveninteger,evennumber偶数Integer整数positiveInteger正整数negativeInteger负整数consecutiveInteger连续整数realnumber实数quotientnumber有理数irrationalnumber无理数inversenumberofxx的倒数imaginarynumber虚数complexnumber复数compositenumber合数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale，decimalscale十进制binarysystem二进制code数码digital数字digitally数位units个位tens十位hundredfoldposition百位nonnegative非负的mode众数median中数commonratio公比percentage百分比primenumber质数 consecutiveeveninteger连续偶数consecutiveoddinteger连续奇数constant常数quarter,oneforth四分之一decimal小数Recurringdecimal循环小数decimalpoint小数点decimalfraction纯小数mixeddecimal混合小数cardinal基数ordinalnumber序数2. 有关运算的词有关运算的词plus,add,addition加augends,summand被加数addend加数sum和minus,subtract减minuend被减数subtrahend减数remainder差,余数times,multiply乘multiplicand,facing被乘数multiplication乘数product积Power乘方,幂factorial阶乘divided,divide除dividend被除数divisor除数division除法divisionsign除号divisor因子,除数divisible可被整除的quotient商fraction,quotientnumber分数simplefraction简分数mixednumber带分数properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数numerator分子denominator分母ratio比率equals,isequivalentto等于isapproximateequalto近似等于,约等于isgreaterthan大于islesserthan小于isequalorgreaterthan大于等于isequalorlesserthan小于等于operate运算operator运算符operationlaw运算律exchangelaw交换律combinationlaw结合律distributionlaw分配律mean平均数arithmeticmean算术平均数geometricmean几何平均数Weightedaverage加权平均值crossmultiply十字相乘absolutevalue绝对值mutualdivide辗转相除decimalarithmetic十进制运算binaryarithmetic二进制运算octalarithmetic八进制运算hexadecimalarithmetic十六进制运算squareroot平方根arithmeticsquareroot算术平方根cuberoot立方根radicalsign根号directproportion正比例inverseproportion反比例Leastcommondenominator最小公分母Leastcommonmultiple最小公倍数Greatestcommondivisor最大公约数approximatevalue近似值Function函数Range值域Domain定义域3. 代数式代数式,方程方程,不等式不等式,多项式的名词多项式的名词Algebra代数algebraicexpression代数式polynomial多项式monomial单项式term多项式的项similarterms同类项combinationsimilarterms合并同类项degree多项式的次equation等式,方程equations方程组inequality不等式inequalities不等式组linearequations线性方程组simpleequation一次方程quadraticequation二次方程cubicequation三次方程equationofhigherdegree高次方程factorable可分解因式in-factorable不可分解因式originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程,等价方程unknownquantity未知量coefficient系数numericalcoefficient数字系数solution方程的解resoluble可解的inapprehensible不可解的completequadraticform完全平方式Incompletequadraticform不完全平方sufficientandnecessary充要条件ifandonlyif（iff）当且仅当clockwise顺时针方向anticlockwise逆时针方向parentheses括号4.有关坐标、坐标系的名词有关坐标、坐标系的名词coordinatesystem坐标系coordinate坐标abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline,axis数轴lateralaxis横轴verticalaxis纵轴origin原点rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系quadrant象限octant卦限firstquadrant第一象限secondoctant第二卦限slope斜率5. 有关集合的名词有关集合的名词set集合element元素belongto属于notbelongto不属于contain包含barring不包含subset子集emptyset,nullset空集union并集intersection交集propersubset真子集solutionset解集6. 有关数列的名词有关数列的名词sequence数列generalterm通项formulaofgeneralterm通项公式limit极限arithmeticsequence等差数列geometricsequence等比数列permutation排列combination组合7. 有关简单几何图形的名词有关简单几何图形的名词Geometry几何beeline,line直线linesegment线段radial射线curve曲线parallellines平行线length长度width宽度height高度depth深度angle角rightangle直角straightangle平角roundangle周角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角includedangle夹角complementaryangle余角supplementaryangles补角oppositeverticalangle对顶角alternateangle内错角adjacentangle邻角correspondingangle同位角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角triangle三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形oblique斜三角形circle圆semicircle半圆centerofacircle圆心segmentofacircle弧形radii半径diameter直径Plane平面square正方形rectangle长方形quadrilateral四边形parallelogram平行四边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形polygon多边形regularpolygon正多边形cube立方体rectangularsolid长方体regularsolid正多面体diagonal对角线circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的bisect平分anglebisector角平分线chord弦Side边长perimeter周长endpoint端点midpoint中点surfacearea表面积wholearea全面积volume体积perpendicular垂直congruent全等的similar相似的symmetrical对称的vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点three-viewdrawing三视图leftviewdrawing左视图topviewdrawing俯视图frontviewdrawing主视图8. 有关计量单位的名词有关计量单位的名词meter米kilometer千米decimeter分米centimeter厘米millimeter毫米nanometer纳米squaremeter平方米cubicmeter立方米gram克kilogram千克ton吨inch英寸foot英尺yard码Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏9. 应用问题中的数学名词应用问题中的数学名词apply,application应用distance距离direction方向speed,velocity速度temperature温度goods物品cost成本profit利润interest利息discount打折listprice标价markup加价retailprice零售价wholesaleprice批发价denote表示,记号decreaseto减少到decreaseby减少了increaseto增加到increaseby增加了percapita每人peryear每年table表格graph图表，曲线图bargraph柱图piechart 饼图extremevalue极值interval区间openinterval开区间closedinterval闭区间maximumvalue极大值minimumvalue极小值10. 有关学生学习、考试的英语名词有关学生学习、考试的英语名词axiom公理theorem定理calculation,computation计算operation运算arithmetic四则运算prove,proof证明suppose假设hypothesis假设,猜想proposition命题conclusion结论chapter章section节paragraph段落page页textbook教材,课本course,curriculum课程courseware课件examination,exam考试test测验fillintheblanks填空simpleselect单项选择homework家庭作业exercise,practice练习grade等级score分数，成绩resultsbook成绩册testpaper试卷problem问题answer答案totalscore总分二、小学数学运算的英语表达具例二、小学数学运算的英语表达具例1.四则运算A+B=C.AaddBisequalstoC.ThesumofAandBisC.A-B=C.AminusBisequalstoC.TheremainderofAandBisC.A*B=CAtimesBisequalstoC.TheproductofAandBisC.A/B=CAdivideBisequalstoC.TheratioAbyBisC.较复杂的运算式,则需加入适当的副词.如(A+B)*C-D)/E=FAaddB,thentimesC,andthenminusD,finallydivideEisequalstoF.2.绝对值Theabsolutevalueofxisequalstox,whenxisapositivenumber,orequalsto-x,whenisanegativenumber,orequalsto0,whenxisequalsto0.3.幂Thevalueofypowerxisn.4.22/7约等于322/7isapproximateequalto3.5.8.432四舍五入后的值是8.Thevalveofround8.432is8.6.长度、距离、面积、体积等.ThelengthoflinesegmentABis_.ThedistancebetweenAandBis_.TheareaoftriangleABCis_.ThevolumeofsphereAis_.7.众数、中数、均值、极大值、极小值.Themedianof1,7,4,9,2,5,8is9,themeanis18,themaximumis9,andtheminimumis1.Thestandarderrorof0,2,5,7,6is(|0-4|+|2-4|+|5-4|+|7-4|+|6-4|)/5=2.4.8.Thearithmeticsquarerootof9is3.9.勾股定理Thisformulameanssquareaaddsquarebisequalstosquarec.Threeintegera,b,c,ifsubjectedtothisequation,arecalledPythagorasnumbers.10.日常用语这次考试王刚只得了80分.Wanggangsscoreinthisexamisjust80.三、对小学生有益的若干英语名言三、对小学生有益的若干英语名言1Wherethereiswill,thereisaway.2Wisdominthemindisbetterthanmoneyinthehand.3Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.4Theshortestanswerisdoing.5Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.6Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.7Indoingwelearn.8Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthdoingwell.9Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.10Lifeless,faultless.四、三个有意义的英语缩写词四、三个有意义的英语缩写词1.SQRRRmethodstudy-question-reading-repeat-review.2.computermodelM/S-CPU-I/Omemory,storage,centreprocessingunite,input,output.3EEEEEteachingmodelelaboration-exploration-explanation-extend-evaluation.谢谢大家!