UnitOne:LanguageandCultureinCommunication第1页/共23页第一页，共24页。Casestudies5Cross-culturalCommunication2Communication3Activities4Culture1ContentsHomework6第2页/共23页第二页，共24页。2.Toananthropologistthewordculturemeansallthewaysinwhichagroupofpeopleact,dress,think,andfeel.1.Whatisculture?1.Peoplewhoknowaboutart,musicandliteraturearecultured.3.Peoplehavetolearntheculturalwaysoftheircommunity:theyarenotsomethingthatthepeopleinthegrouparebornwith.第3页/共23页第三页，共24页。Differentcountrieshavedifferentcultures.Communicatingwithpeoplefromdifferentcultureiscalledcross-cultural/interculturalcommunication.2.Cross-culturalCommunication第4页/共23页第四页，共24页。Communication means life and development.3.Communication第5页/共23页第五页，共24页。3.1.TheBasicsofCommunicationCommunicationoccursif:1.twoormorepeople;2.contact;3.asharedlanguage;4.anexchangeofinformation.第6页/共23页第六页，共24页。 3.1.3Analysisoflanguage第7页/共23页第七页，共24页。3.2.Types of Communicationhuman communication (人类交际(jioj)）animal communication (动物交际(jioj)）human-animal communication （人类与动物的交际(jioj)）human-machine communication（人机交际(jioj)）machine-to-machine communication（机器交际(jioj)）第8页/共23页第八页，共24页。Two-waycontact:CommunicatorscanseeeachotherandmonitoreachothersbehaviourdirectcommunicationOne-waycontact:communicatorscannotseeeachother,andhencecannotmonitoreachothersbehaviourindirectcommunication3.3.WaysofCommunication第9页/共23页第九页，共24页。4. ActivitiesActivity 1: Instances of CommunicationBestexampleBestexample2.Youcomplaintoyourinstructoraboutyourcoursecreditsthroughtelephone.5.TwoblindpeopleexchangeideasinBraille.6.AGermanbusinessmannegotiates,throughaninterpreter,withhisChinesecounterpart.Yes,butnotgoodYes,butnotgood 1.Anoratordeliversaspeechtoalargegathering.3.Yousendane-mailmessagetoanAmericanfriend.4.Janeliesinbedreadinganovel.7.Amothertalkstoher3-month-oldbaby.NonecommunicationNonecommunication8.Afarmergivesinstructionstohisploughingcow.9.Aprogrammerissuescommandstoacomputer.10.Tomtalkstohimselfwhileflourishinghistoygun.第10页/共23页第十页，共24页。Activity 2: Models of Communication Sourceofinformationencodercoder*channel*medium*noisedecoderretrievalofinformationelectricsignalstelephonelineInformationModel第11页/共23页第十一页，共24页。Model One: mono-cultural model(same language and cultural environment)Mr.GordontalkswithhisneighborMrs.LewisabouthislatesttriptoSpain.Mr.Gordonsays:“Theseabeachesareabsolutelygorgeous!”第12页/共23页第十二页，共24页。 ModelTwo:unilateral-culturalmodel(oneknowsanotherslanguageandculturalenvironmentbuttheotheronedoesnt)LuBing,aChinesetourguideistalkinginEnglishwithGeorgeLuke,aBritishtouristwhodoesnotknowChineseatall.1.LuBinghaslearnedGeorgeLukes_and_.2.Thisshared_makestheircommunication_.3.LuBingactivateshisEnglish_andexerciseshisEnglish_togenerateamessage:“Thisissweetandsourpork.Trytry.”4.GeorgeLuke_hisEnglishcompetenceand_hisEnglishcommunicativeskillstointerpretLuBingsspeech.第13页/共23页第十三页，共24页。ModelThree:bilateral-culturalmodel(peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundbutknoweachotherslanguageandculturalenvironment)Prof. Xia:Wouldyouliketohaveacupofcoffee?Prof.Graham:ShouldIreplyinEnglishwayorChineseway?Prof. Xia: InEnglishway.Prof.Graham:Then,yes.Prof. Xia:TeainEnglishwayaswell?Prof.Graham:No,inChinesewaythistime.Prof. Xia:Jollygood.Youvesavedme.Justoutofmilk.Prof.Graham:(startslaughing)第14页/共23页第十四页，共24页。Activity3:MeaningsincommunicationUtterance meaning:whatitnormallymeans.Speakers meaning:themeaningthespeakerwantstoconvey.Hearers meaning:themeaningthehearerhasunderstood.第15页/共23页第十五页，共24页。Activity 4: Communication in Social SituationsAsocialsituationiscreatedwhentwoormorepeoplegathertodoanactivityorfulfillapurpose.Itsessentialcomponents:utwoormoreparticipantsudefinitionofthesituationandgoalsusettinguschemauverbalcommunicationunon-verbalcommunicationutimeandspace第16页/共23页第十六页，共24页。Activity 5 Effective Cross-cultural CommunicationHow to be a cross-cultural speaker?1.Calm down and relax.2.Watch out for bilingual differences in using polite expressions.3.Use meaningless but useful syllables to gain .time.How to be a cross-cultural hearer?A good listener is a careful but not intense listener , who gets the message, not every single word.第17页/共23页第十七页，共24页。5.Case studiesXiuwenttoaBCbuffetreceptionintheBCheadquartersinBeijing.ItjustsohappenedthatXiuarrivedalittletooearly.Thewaitingloungewasalmostemptyexceptacharmingladysittingatacornerseat.AfteralongintervalofunbearablesilenceXiudecidedtobreakthesilencebyapproachingthelady.Xiu:ImXiufromBFSU.Areyouaguesttoo?Lady:(standsup)Yes.ImLin.AnswerthefollowingQuestions:1.WhydidthesilencebecomeunbearabletoXiu?Doyouthinkthecharmingladyfeltthesameway?2.Whatfunctionsdoestheverbalcommunicationfulfilundersuchcircumstances?3.DoXiuandLinbehaveintheChinesewayorintheWesternWay?Mutual Monitoring Process第18页/共23页第十八页，共24页。Ifeltexhaustedaftermuchsightseeing.Ilookedforaseattorestmylegs.ItSohappenedthatonthenearbyroadsidetherewasatwo-personstonechairWithoneplacealreadyoccupiedbyacharmingyounggirl.Ihesitated,butStillwentover.“Isitoccupied”？Iasked.“No”wastheanswer.ThemomentIsatdown,thewomanstoodupandleft.Iwasabithurtbyherinstantdeparture.Asocialsituationmayreceivetwodefinitions:oneisgivenbythecommunity,andtheotherbytheparticipants.thecommunitydefinition=officialsituation,suchasasocialsituationofmeeting,asocialsituationofclassroomteaching,etc.Different Definitions of a Social Situation第19页/共23页第十九页，共24页。6. HomeworkDiagnosing Problems in Cross-cultural Communication.A Chinese student had just arrived at the States. One day, when he was reading in his room, he heard someone shouting outside: “ Watch out!” So he went to the window and stretched out his head and tried to find out whats going on outside. Just then, his head was right poured by the water from above Question: Would you please analyze the saying “ Watch out” with the three meanings in communication?第20页/共23页第二十页，共24页。Key to the question:1.Utterance meaning: Be careful!2.Speakers meaning: Dont pull out !3.Hearers meaning: Something is happening! Look out!第21页/共23页第二十一页，共24页。第22页/共23页第二十二页，共24页。感谢您的欣赏(xnshng)！第23页/共23页第二十三页，共24页。内容(nirng)总结Unit One:。Prof. Xia: Would you like to have a cup of coffee。Prof. Xia: Tea in English way as well。A good listener is a careful but not intense listener , who gets the第二十四页，共24页。