1KeywordsKeyespressionsKeystructuresSummarywriting关键单词关键短语关键句型摘要写作2介词介词prep.1.(法律和运动用语,常略作v.或vs.)对;对抗ThebigmatchtonightisEnglandversusSpain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。RobinsonversusBrown鲁宾逊对布朗的诉讼2.与.相对Theproblemofdeterminismversusfreedom决定论与自由论相抗衡的问题versusv:ss3名词名词n.1.圣诞节MerryChristmasandaHappyNewYear!恭祝圣诞,并贺新禧!PeoplesendeachothercardsandpresentsatChristmas.人们在圣诞节互赠贺卡和礼物。2.圣诞节时期ThepastfewChristmaseswereveryquiet.过去的几个圣诞节假期过得很平静。Christmaskrisms4名词名词n.1.马戏团;马戏表演Shetookthechildrentothecircus.她带孩子们去看马戏。2.马戏表演场3.(古罗马的)露天圆形竞技场4.【英】圆形广场;环形交叉口5.吵闹的活动(会议、地方等)circuss:ks5形容词adj.1.出席的,在场的Howmanypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting?到会的有多少人?2.现在的,当前的Imnotatallsatisfiedwiththepresentsituation.我对目前的情况一点都不满意。3.现在时的4.留在记忆里的,不能忘记的 presentprizentpreznt6名词n.1.现在,目前Thereisnotimelikethepresent.机不可失,时不再来。2.现在时态3.本文件present名词n.1.礼物,赠品Heoftengavehisneighborskidslittlepresents.他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。presentprizentpreznt7Present及物动词vt.1.赠送,呈献(+to/with)Theypresentedhimwithabunchofflowers.他们献给他一束鲜花。2.引起(问题),造成(困难)(+to/with)Allthispresentednewsafetyproblems.所有这些都造成了新的安全问题。presentprizentpreznt83.提出,提交,呈递(+to)Some300paperswerepresentedattheconference.会上提出了大约三百篇论文。4.呈现;描述;出示(+to)Hehadtopresentasmilingfacethoughheavy-hearted.虽然忧心忡忡,但他还得露出一副笑容。5.上演;使扮演6.介绍,引见presentprizentpreznt9accompanykmpni及物动词及物动词vt.1.陪同,伴随Hewishedhertoaccompanyhim.他希望她陪他。2.随着.发生,伴有Lightningusuallyaccompaniesthunder.电闪通常伴着雷声。3.使附有Heaccompaniedhisspeechwithgestures.他演讲时附带做着手势。104.为.伴奏,为.伴唱Thepianistaccompaniedhersinging.钢琴家为她的歌唱伴奏。Hermotheraccompaniedheronthepiano.她的母亲为她作钢琴伴奏。不及物动词不及物动词vi.1.伴奏,伴唱accompanykmpni11及物动词及物动词vt.1.接近,靠近Hecautiouslyapproachedthehouse.他小心地走近那房子。2.近乎,即将达到3.找.商量(或联系)(+about)Haveyouapproachedthemanagerabouttakingadayoffnextweek?你是否同经理谈过下周请一天假的事?DidMaryapproachyouaboutlendinghersomemoney?玛丽找你商量过有关借钱给她的事吗?4.着手处理,开始对付Heapproachedthequestionasascientist.他从科学家的角度来处理这一问题。approachprut12不及物动词不及物动词vi.1.接近,靠近;即将达到名词名词n.1.接近,靠近;即将达到Snowannouncedtheapproachofwinter.雪宣告了冬季的来临。2.通道,入口3.方法,方式;态度Ilikeherapproachtotheproblem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。4.接近的表示,接洽accompanykmpni13助词助词verb1.(表示义务、责任等)应当,应该Studentsoughttostudyhard.学生应该努力用功。2.(表示愿望)应该,该Yououghttoreadhisnovels.你应该读读他的小说。3.(表示可能性、期望)该Itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.明天该是好天气。ought:t14及物动词及物动词vt.1.称.的重量,掂估.的分量Heweighedtheparcelbyhand.他用手估量那个包裹的重量。2.考虑;权衡(+against)Theyweighedtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesbeforemakingthedecision.他们权衡利弊之后才作出决定。3.【海】起(锚)4.重压,把.压弯;加过重负担于Thebranchesofthepeartreewereweighedheavilywithfruit.梨树的树枝给沉甸甸的果实压弯了。weighwei15不及物动词不及物动词vi.1.有.重量;称起来LHowmuchdoyouweigh?你体重多少?2.有分量,有重要性,有影响Q(+with)Hersuggestionweighedheavilyinthisdecision.她的建议对作出这一决定起了重要作用。3.重压(+on/upon)Theproblemweighedonhismind.那个问题沉重地压在他心头。4.【海】起锚,启航5.仔细考虑,权衡weighwei16fortunatef:tnt形容词形容词a.1.幸运的,侥幸的+to(+in)+thatItisfortunatethatwecanallmeettomorrow.我们明天都能见面了,真是幸运。Hesfortunateinhavingagoodjob.他真幸运,有份好工作。Ifeelfortunatetohavemetthem.我觉得很幸运能见到他们。2.带来幸运的Hecameataveryfortunatetime.他来得恰是时候。Thatisafortunatestart.那是个良好的开端。17Keyespressions1.thecircusowner2.decideto3.talksthto4.achildrenshospital5.dressupas6.aguardofhonourofsixprettygirls7.setoff8.downthemainstreetofthecity马戏团的老板决定做某事送.给某人儿童医院打扮成6个漂亮姑娘组成的仪仗队出发沿着城里的主要街道18Keyespressions9.thissortofthing10.approach11.goalongasidestreet12.refuseto13.gethimoff14.hadadifficulttime15.afewtons16.hasagoodrecord17.letsboff这类事情走近走一条小路拒绝推离吃苦头几吨有很好的表现饶过某人19【Keystructures】1.情态动词情态动词+havedone在虚拟语气中的用法A.shouldhavedone表示过去本应该做某事却未做。其否定结构shouldnthavedone表示过去本不该做某事却做了。“B.oughttohavedone表示过去本应该做某事却未做。其否定结构oughtnttohavedone表示过去本不该做某事却做了。“C.needhavedone表示过去本有必要做某事却未做。其否定结构neednthavedone表示过去本没必要做某事却做了。20D.could(不能用can)havedone表示过去本能够做某事却未做。注意：其否定形式couldnthavedone没有虚拟语气的用法，couldnthavedone只能表推测，相当于canthavedone，意为：过去不可能做了某事。“E.might(不能用may)havedone表示过去本可以做某事却未做。注意：其否定形式mightnothavedone没有虚拟语气的用法，mightnothavedone只能表推测，相当于maynothavedone，意为：过去可能没有做某事。【Keystructures】212表示推测句型表示推测句型:may/must/canthavedoneA.musthavedone表示对过去某事的肯定猜测，译为：过去肯定做了某事。不存在mustnthavedone的形式。其否定或疑问形式须用can(could)来表示.例如：Sincetheroadiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。B.may/mighthavedonemay/mighthavedone表示过去可能做了某事。may比might表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。may/mightnothavedone表示过去可能没有做某事。例如：Icantfindmykeys.Imay/mighthaveleftthemattheschoolyesterday.我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。【Keystructures】22注意：may/mighthavedone表推测不能用于疑问句中。C.can/couldhavedone表推测一般用在否定句和疑问句中，表示不相信或怀疑的态度。Can/Couldhehavepassedtheexam?他可能通过了考试吗？注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如：IwonderhowTomknewaboutyourpast.我想知道汤姆是怎么知道你的过去的。【Keystructures】23awayfro开m离什么地方later后来5.letsboff(go):让某人走(离开)letsb.offA.饶了某人饶了某人letsb.down让某人失望.letsb.off饶了某人.leavesth.uptodo由某人自己来完成B.放过某人放过某人.letsb.off放过某人.Answerthedoor开门【Keystructures】246seemseem加形容词加不定式itseemedthat句型seem后加asif从句:看起来似乎7.holdupthetraffic:阻碍交通【Keystructures】25【课文讲解】1.LastChristmas,thecircusowner,JimmyGates,decidedtotakesomepresentstoachildrenshospital.taketo：把.送到2.DressedupasFatherChristmasandaccompaniedbyaguardofhonourofsixprettygirls,dressupas：打扮成为dressup：打扮263.hesetoffdownthemainstreetofthecityridingababyelephantcalledJumbo.aguardofhonour：仪仗队setoff：出发riding是状语4.Heshouldhaveknownthatthepolicewouldneverallowthissortofthing.shouldhavedone：原本应该做而没做neednthavedone：过去不必做但是做了【课文讲解】275.ApolicemanapproachedJimmyandtoldhimheoughttohavegonealongasidestreetasJumbowasholdingupthetraffic.（1）oughtto：应该should（应该）/oughtto（应该）/havetohaveto：不得不oughtto：应该（强调义务）should应该（含有建议）【课文讲解】28（2）所有的情态动词havedone都跟过去有关跟虚拟语气有关的：wouldhavedone表示推测句型：may/must/canthavedoneshouldhavedone：原本该做但是没做neednthavedone：原本不必做但是做了（3）asbecause因为（4）holdupthetraffic阻碍交通296.ThoughJimmyagreedtogoatonce,Jumborefusedtomove.though尽管agreetodo同意做某事agreewithsbagreeto（prep）sthIagreewithyouIagreetoyouradvice.Iagreetogowithyou.7.Fifteenpolicemenhadtopushveryhardtogethimoffthemainstreet.offawayfrom离开什么地方【课文讲解】308.Thepolicehadadifficulttime,buttheyweremostamused.Jumbomustweighafewtons,saidapolicemenafterwards,mustv推测：haveto：不得不afterwardslater后来9.soitwasfortunatethatwedidnthavetocarryhim.Itwasfortunatethat.幸运的是carry：抬起来【课文讲解】3110.Ofcourse,weshouldarresthim,butashehasagoodrecord,weshalllethimoffthistime.（1）should跟现在有关系shouldhavedone跟过去有关系（2）letsboff（go）：让某人走（离开）record：（警察局的）记录【课文讲解】32as，like，seem像像（1）as后面要加句子，只有在thesameas结构时不加句子，或者是as.asLucyisthesameashersister。（2）like的后面加词likeme象我这样likeLondon象伦敦一样（3）seem后面可以直接加形容词heseemedrich他看起来很富有seem后面会加to这个不定式结构heseemedtoberich【课文讲解】33itseemedthat.表示某件事情看起来似乎如此itseemedthatheisrich1、seem加形容词2、加不定式3、itseemedthat句型4、seem后加asif从句must的后面是不会加to的haveto当中的have是实义动词【课文讲解】34Summary writingSummary writing1Whatdidhedecidetotaketoachildrenshospital?Howdidthecircusowner,JimmyGates,dressup?Didhesetoffdownthemainstreetofthecity,ordidhegodownasidestreet?WasheridinganelephantcalledJumboornot?(Afterhaving.and.riding)AfterhavingdecidedSomepresentsasFatherChristmasand352.washetoldthathewasholdingupthetrafficornot?didjimmyagreetogoatonceornot?didjumboagreetogo,ordidherefusetomove?howmanypolicemenhadtopushhimoffthemainstreet?(Onbeing.but.so.)OnbeingagreedbutrefusedSofifteenSummarywriting363.didhehaveagoodrecordornot?wasjumboarrestedornot?(As.however,.)AshadhoweverNotarrestedSummarywriting37胡娟曾琴刘梦雪程钰38