时态概念时态概念时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式。英语有况发生的时间的各种形式。英语有16种动词时态形式，但常见的有种动词时态形式，但常见的有9种，见下表：种，见下表： 动词动词谓语动词谓语动词时态、语态时态、语态虚拟语气虚拟语气非谓语动非谓语动词词不定式不定式动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词的分类动词的分类 式式form时时time一般式一般式indefinite进行式进行式continuous完成式完成式perfect完成进行式完成进行式perfect continuous 现在现在present一般现在一般现在时时study/studies现在进行时现在进行时is/am/are studying现在完成时现在完成时have/has studied现在完成进行时现在完成进行时have/has been studying 过去过去Past一般过去一般过去时时studied过去进行时过去进行时was/were studying过去完成过去完成时时had studied过去完成进行时过去完成进行时had been studying 将来将来future一般将来一般将来时时will/ shall study将来进行将来进行时时 will/shall be studying将来完成将来完成时时will/shall have studied将来完成进行时将来完成进行时will/shall have been studying 过去将过去将来来 future in the past过去将来过去将来时时would/ shallstudy过去将来过去将来进行时进行时would/ should be studying过去将来完过去将来完成时成时would/ should have studied过去将来完成过去将来完成进行时进行时would/should have been studying 语态语态时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时v. /v.sam /is /are + p.p一般过去时一般过去时vedwas / were + p.p一般将来时一般将来时will + v.will be + p.p过去将来时过去将来时would + v.would be + p.p过去完成时过去完成时had + p.phad been + p.p现在完成时现在完成时have /has + p.p have /has been + p.p将来完成时将来完成时will have + p.pwill have been + p.p现在进行时现在进行时am /is / are + Vingam /is /are + being + p.p过去进行时过去进行时was /were + Vingwas /were + being + p.pI. 一一 般现在时般现在时1)现在习惯性或经常性的动作、存在的状态现在习惯性或经常性的动作、存在的状态 Class begins at eight every morning.He looks tired.常用的时间状语有：常用的时间状语有：often, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, every day, in the morning, on Sunday, etc.2)客观事实或普遍真理客观事实或普遍真理 Three plus seven is ten. 3)在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中 主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来。主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来。 I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.4)表已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态表已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态 一般用一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start etc. My plane takes off at 9:00 a.m.5) 有几个由有几个由here, there开头的句子开头的句子 用一般现在时表现在正在进行的动作。用一般现在时表现在正在进行的动作。 There goes the bell. Lets hurry! Here comes the teacher.II. 一般过去时一般过去时 1. 构成构成:由动词的过去式表示。规则如下：由动词的过去式表示。规则如下：规则规则动词原形动词原形 过去式及词尾读音过去式及词尾读音规则动词在原形后加规则动词在原形后加-ed,清辅音后读清辅音后读t；浊辅音；浊辅音和元音后读和元音后读d;在在t d后读后读id。askcallplayplantneedask tcall dplay dplant idneed 以以e结尾的动词加结尾的动词加-d,读音读音同上述。同上述。 hopearrivewaste末尾只有一个辅音字母的末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加个辅音字母，再加-ed,读读音同上。音同上。stopbegpermit stoppedbeggedpermitted以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的结尾的动词，改动词，改y为为I,再加再加-ed,读读dstudycarrystudied carried 注：不规则动词的过去式各不相同，必须逐一熟记。注：不规则动词的过去式各不相同，必须逐一熟记。行为动词在一般过去时态的句子里没有人称、数的变化，行为动词在一般过去时态的句子里没有人称、数的变化，而而be动词有变化，其过去式动词有变化，其过去式was用于第一、三人称单数用于第一、三人称单数，were用于其他各种人称。用于其他各种人称。2.用法用法1）过去时间里发生的的动作或存在的状态）过去时间里发生的的动作或存在的状态 常与表过去的时间状语连用，如常与表过去的时间状语连用，如a few minutes ago, yesterday, last Sunday, etc以及以及由由when引导的时间状语从句。如引导的时间状语从句。如 He traveled in Europe last year. He was in Beijing some years ago. When I was at college, I wrote home once a week. He went to town, bought some books and visited his daughter.2）表过去经常或反复发生的动作）表过去经常或反复发生的动作 可与时间状语可与时间状语often连用；连用；used to + do “”或或would + do( “总是，常常总是，常常”）也可表示过去）也可表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。如：经常、反复发生的动作。如：When I was a boy, I often went to play in that park.He used to smoke, but now he doesnt.When Mr. Johnson was young, he would work on the farm.3)现在或将来非真实的动作或状态，属虚拟的现在或将来非真实的动作或状态，属虚拟的语气范畴语气范畴 Its time we went.If he arrived tomorrow, I should meet him at the airport.III.一般将来时一般将来时 表表将来要发生的动作或状态将来要发生的动作或状态，常与表将来到时间状语，常与表将来到时间状语tomorrow, next year, in a few years, etc连用；连用；更多地用于带有条件从句的主句中更多地用于带有条件从句的主句中When shall we meet tomorrow?Ill ask her as soon as she comes.Your dress will be ready soon.现在预测现在某事可能要发生了现在预测现在某事可能要发生了 Its eleven oclock. Mary will be in bed by now.现在的习惯现在的习惯A lion will never attack an elephant.现在的需要现在的需要 Shall I help you ?对将来的事情现在作出决定对将来的事情现在作出决定 Which shirt do you want ?Ill take the blue one, please.一般将来时的几种形式一般将来时的几种形式1)is/ am/ are going to do2) Mr. Green is going to buy a new car.3)2) is/ am/ are doing (现在进行时）现在进行时）,表按计划表按计划即将发生的动作，多与表移动的动词即将发生的动作，多与表移动的动词come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start等连用。等连用。4) He is leaving for London.5)3) be to do指安排好的事。指安排好的事。6) Are you to meet at the entrance to the park?你们约定在公园入口碰头吗？你们约定在公园入口碰头吗？ 7) 4）be about to do指即将发生的事。指即将发生的事。8) I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 9)5) 一般现在时一般现在时10) 表已安排好或计划好的将来动作或状态。表已安排好或计划好的将来动作或状态。IV.一般过去将来时一般过去将来时1.构成：构成：would/should + do。第一人称。第一人称I, we用用should或或would,其余人称都用其余人称都用would.2.用法用法 表过去某一段时间看来将要发生的动作或存在表过去某一段时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。如：的状态，常用在宾语从句中。如：Johnson said that there would be a concert that evening. They wondered when we would/ should finish our composition.一般过去将来时也可用一般过去将来时也可用was/ were going to + do，was/ were to + do, was/ were about to + do, was/ were + doing(多与移动动词多与移动动词come, go, leave等连用等连用)来表示。如：来表示。如：I didnt know when they were leaving for Shanghai. V.现在进行时现在进行时 (记住现在分词的变化规则记住现在分词的变化规则)1.构成构成:is/am/are +doing。am用于第一人称单数，用于第一人称单数，is用于第三人称单数用于第三人称单数, are用于其他各种人称。用于其他各种人称。2.用法用法 1) 表此时此刻正在进行的动作表此时此刻正在进行的动作 He is writing a letter now. 2) 表目前这段时间内正在进行的动作表目前这段时间内正在进行的动作 She is visiting Beijing this week. 3) 现在进行时常与副词现在进行时常与副词always,constantly等连等连用用,表反复出现或习惯动作表反复出现或习惯动作,含有说话者的赞扬、不含有说话者的赞扬、不满、遗憾等感情色彩。满、遗憾等感情色彩。 4)（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作 When you are cycling along the street, dont forget the traffic light.VI.过去进行时过去进行时 1.构成构成:was/ were + doing。was用于第一、三人用于第一、三人称单数，称单数，were用于其他各人称。用于其他各人称。2.用法用法 过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。I was doing my homework this time last night.They were listening to the teacher attentively when the bell rang. While I was reading, my sister was playing.故事发生的背景故事发生的背景The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.过去说话前不久的动作过去说话前不久的动作I was telling him his mother was ill.VII.过去将来时过去将来时1.过去间接引用某人过去的话和想法过去间接引用某人过去的话和想法 He warned us that the journey would be dangerous.2.过去习惯性动作过去习惯性动作 At dusk, these old ladies would sit in rocking chairs and talk.3.现在非真实的动作或状态现在非真实的动作或状态 If I were you, I would study French.4.客气的请求客气的请求 Would you mind helping me ?5.愿望愿望 I would like (to have) a cup of tea.VIII.现在完成时现在完成时1.构成：构成：have/has + pp。has用于第三人称单用于第三人称单数，数，have用于其他各人称。用于其他各人称。2.用法用法 1)表从过去某一段时间开始一直延续到现在的表从过去某一段时间开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。常用延续性动词，常与表时间长动作或状态。常用延续性动词，常与表时间长度的时间状语连用，如度的时间状语连用，如:for ten minutes, since 2001,etc, 也可带有表示到目前为止的时也可带有表示到目前为止的时间状语，如间状语，如:so far, up to now, until now,etc.I have sat for hours in the reading room, reading a novel.The weather has been cold so far this winter.He has lived in Beijing since last summer.2) (在时间或条件从句中在时间或条件从句中)表示在将来某个时间前表示在将来某个时间前先要做完的动作先要做完的动作Ill return the book to you as soon as I have finished it.3) 现在时间前完成的动作留下的现在时间前完成的动作留下的结果或影响结果或影响He has turned off the light. I have been to Beijing twice.4)现在时间前已做的动作现在时间前已做的动作He is reading the book that he has bought recently.IX过去完成时过去完成时1.构成构成;had + pp。在时间上是。在时间上是“过去的过去过去的过去”，因此句中一般都有一个明确的状语或状语从，因此句中一般都有一个明确的状语或状语从句来表示时间。句来表示时间。2.用法用法 1) 过去某一时间或某一事件前完成的动作或过去某一时间或某一事件前完成的动作或状态状态By the end of last term we had learned twelve units.He had been in this college for five years before I came to study.2) 过去某一时刻或某一事件前已发生但未完成过去某一时刻或某一事件前已发生但未完成的动作的动作By December last year, he had worked in Beijing for five years.3) 其他用法表示非真实的，想象的过去动其他用法表示非真实的，想象的过去动作或状态作或状态.尤指过去未曾实现的希望、打算尤指过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图（常与或意图（常与hope, intend, mean, expect, think, want, suppose等动词连用）等动词连用）。I wish I had told him about it. If the had worked harder, she would have succeeded.They had meant to see me off at the airport, but they got there too late.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时1.构成：构成：have/has been + doing 2.用法用法 现在完成进行时主要表示现在完成进行时主要表示动作开始于过去某时，动作开始于过去某时，一直持续到现在一直持续到现在，当然中间动作有时并非无停顿。，当然中间动作有时并非无停顿。可能刚停止，也可能仍要继续下去，两者在大多数可能刚停止，也可能仍要继续下去，两者在大多数情况下可以换用，但口语中更倾向于用现在完成进情况下可以换用，但口语中更倾向于用现在完成进行时。如：行时。如：He has lived here for 10 years.也可以说成：也可以说成：He has been living here for 10 years.下列最好用现在完成进行时，因为带有一下列最好用现在完成进行时，因为带有一定的感情色彩。定的感情色彩。Where have you been ? Ive been telephoning you the whole morning!Hes been talking to me since this morning. 将来进行时将来进行时1.构成：构成：will/ shall be + doing 2. 用法用法 1) 表将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作表将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作 When you get to the station at nine tomorrow, your uncle will be waiting for you there. 2) 表按计划即将发生的动作表按计划即将发生的动作 I hope you will be coming on time. They will be having their holiday in June.将来完成时将来完成时 1.构成：构成：will/ shall have done 2. 用法用法 1) 表动作或状态延续到将来某一段时间表动作或状态延续到将来某一段时间 Will he have been in the army for 10 years by next June? We shall have walked a long way before we reach the village. 2) 表动作或状态在将来某时间以前已经结表动作或状态在将来某时间以前已经结束，但其影响去延续到那一时间。常用非延续束，但其影响去延续到那一时间。常用非延续性动词。性动词。 I shall have finished my homework by ten oclock. When the old man comes next week, his son will have left for Shanghai. 练习一：动词时态与语态（练习一：动词时态与语态（1）1. When I saw Mary, she _ on the piano.A.is playing B. plays C. was playingD. played2. She _ the door before she goes away.A.had locked B. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking.3. A hunter is a man who _ animals.A.catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching4. What _ if I drink this?happens B. is happening C. will happen D. is happened5. I will visit you if Father _ me.A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let6. Look out! That tree _ fall down.A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would7. My uncle _ to see me. Hell be here soon.A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came8. They cant leave until they _ their work.A. did B. are doing C. have done D. has done9. Has he seen this film? Yes. He _ it several days ago. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing10. Now Mike isnt here. He _ Mr Greens. Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will be D. is going to; has come11. That day he ._ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washedB. washedC. had been washing D. was washed12. I havent finished my composition. I _ for two hours and a half.A. have written it B. have been writing itC. wrote it D. am writing it13. I will take my daughter with me when I _ ShangHai, A. go to B. will go to C. have been to D. have gone to14. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didnt sayB. couldnt speak toC. said D. didnt tell15. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built16. When _ school begin? Next Monday. A. has B. does C. did D. is going to17. I will _ here till you give me some money. A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return18. I _ here since I moved here. A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working19. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice.A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone20. It was said that his father _. A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died21. We wont go unless you _ soon.A. had come B. came C. will come D. come22._six years since I began studying English.A. They have been B. it is C. It was D. There are23. They _ the Summer Palace three times.A. have gone to B. have been toC. have been inD. have gone into24. How long havent we seen each other? Well, it _ nearly two years since we _ last. A. is/have met B. was/had met C. is/met D. has been/had met25. Have you seen the art exhibition? No, _ there. A. it was not being held B. they didnt holdC. it had not held D. they were holding it26. Dont get off the bus until it _.A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped27. Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here. But now its gone. A. did you put/have put B. have you put/putC. had you put/was putting D. were you putting/have put28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoyingC. enjoyed D. had been enjoying29. Dont come tonight. I would rather you _ tomorrow. A. come B. came C. will come D. coming30. _ you _?A. Do/marry B. Have/marriedC. Have/been marriedD. Are/married31. When he _ all the newspapers, hell go home.A. sells B. has sold C. will have sold D. will be sold32. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting33. Hurry up, you _ on the phone. Oh, Im coming. Thank you. A. are wanted B. are being wanted C. want D. are wanting34. I _ see you, but I didnt, for I had no time.A. had wanted toB. has wanted toC. wantedD. was wanted35. I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D. shall have lived36. By this time next year he _ from the college.A. will be graduating B. should be graduatingC. will have graduated D. is graduating37. Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned38. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell/was riding B. fell/were ridingC. had fallen/rodeD. had fallen/was riding39. Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A. was going to beB. was about to beC. could beD. was to be40. It is high time you _ in bed now.A. are B. were C. will be D. would be41. After a while an agreement _.A. was arrived at B. was arrived in C. was arrivedD. has been arrived42. The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives D. is going to arrive43._,that step is not safe!A. Look around B. Look upC. Look out D. Look down44. Have you _ him to give up smoking? No. I _, but he wouldnt listen.A.persuaded/tried B. tried/persuadedC. tried/triedD. persuaded/persuaded45. The research laboratory is going to _ the new type of computer to use. A. take B. make C. put D. send46. I dont know when he _, but when he _, Ill let you know.A. will come/comes B. comes/will comeC. comes/comes D. will come/will come47. How much do you think that vase _?A. is cost B. used C. was paid for D. cost48. I _ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but its beginning to look diffcult.A. hopeB. had hoped C. hopedD. am hoping49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.”“Oh, how nice of you, I _ you _ to bring me a gift.”A. never think/are goingB. never thought/ were goingC. didnt think/ are goingD. hadnt thought/ were going50. Its a nice flat, but it _ a proper bathroom.A. havent gotB. hasnt got C. wouldnt get D. doesnt have got51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _?A. hadnt sheB. didnt sheC. wouldnt sheD. wont she52. This liquid _ the salt at room temperature.A. became mixed withB. was mixed byC. mixes with D. has been mixing by练习一、练习一、15 CCBCB 610 ABCAB 1115 CBADA 1620 BBDCD 2125 DBBCA 2630 DBABD 3135 BAAAD 3640 CAAAB 4145 ACCAC 4650 ADBBB 5152 BC翻译句子翻译句子1.到去年底，那位老人一直在这小屋里住了到去年底，那位老人一直在这小屋里住了10年年了。了。2.昨天晚上昨天晚上8点钟，我在看电视。点钟，我在看电视。 3.我弄丢了那支钢笔，不得不用铅笔写字。我弄丢了那支钢笔，不得不用铅笔写字。4.史密斯先生史密斯先生2：00就来了。就来了。5.看云！天要下雨了。看云！天要下雨了。6.约翰逊先生自从他大学毕业以来一直教了约翰逊先生自从他大学毕业以来一直教了20年年化学。化学。 7.当我在街上看到简时，她总是朝我微笑。当我在街上看到简时，她总是朝我微笑。8.1999年他去了北京年他去了北京5次。次。1.By the end of last year, that old man had lived in the small house for ten years.2.We were watching TV at eight yesterday evening.3.I have lost my pen, so I have to write with a pencil. / I had lost my pen, so I had to write with a pencil./ Having lost my pen, I had to write with a pencil.4.Mr. Smith has (already) been here since two oclock.5.Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.6.Mr. Johnson has taught/ has been teaching chemistry for 20 years ever since he graduated from university.7.When I see Joan in the street, she always smiles at me.8.He went to Beijing five times in 1999.