专题十六推理判断高考英语高考英语 (天津市专用)A A组自主命题组自主命题天津卷题组天津卷题组Passage1(2018天津夏,B)词数:407WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,“Doyouhavetheaddress?”“No,butI llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.”“Oh,stop.Thereitis!”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.“MayIhelpyou?”amanasked.“No,”Isaid.“We refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneup-stairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosi-五年高考ty.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme.“Wheredoyouthinkyouare?”heasked.Iturnedsharply.“TheMcNayArtMuseum!”Hesmiled,shakinghishead.“Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.”“What sthisplace?”Iasked,stillconfused.“Well,it sourhome.”Myheartjolted(震颤).Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,“Sally!Comedownimmediately!”“There ssomereallygoodstuff(艺术作品)upthere.”Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,“Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace.”Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Pi-casso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace.“Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?”“Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.”“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeel-ingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I vealwayswantedtothankyou.”1.WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?A.Shewasapainter.B.Shewasacommunityleader.C.Shewasamuseumdirector.D.Shewasajournalist.2.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.D.Shemistookhimforatourguide.3.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.4.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.5.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.答案答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。30年前,作者和朋友去参观一家博物馆,由于不知道具体地址误入别人的家,主人对她们的到来感到很困惑,而作者对主人的表现也感到很困惑。30年后,作者与房主的女儿偶遇,得知自己曾经的误入使她意识到人们不该对身边的美视而不见。1.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于MarianMcNay我们了解什么?根据第一段中“oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay(曾经是一个名叫MarianMcNay的水彩画画家的家)”可知MarianMcNay是一名画家,故答案为A项。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:作者为什么拒绝房子里的男人的帮助?根据第四段中“Tourguidesgotonmynerves.(导游总会使我感到心烦)”可知,作者当时之所以拒绝其帮助是因为她误认为那个男人是导游,故答案为D项。A:她不喜欢爱窥探的人;B:当与陌生人讲话时她会感到紧张;C:她比那个男人对艺术了解得更多。3.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:在被大厅中的人们盯着看时,作者感觉怎么样?根据第四段中作者心里想的话“Whatwastheirproblem?”可知,作者当时感到很困惑(Puzzled),故答案为A项。B:担心的;C:害怕的;D:高兴的。4.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么作者只用了一点儿文字描述真正的McNay博物馆?根据倒数第四段中的内容可推知:作者误入别人家这件事使她在参观真正的McNay博物馆时一直感到很紧张,担心再出现什么意外。由此可知在那个房子里发生的事更重要,故答案为D项。A:真正的博物馆没有足够的艺术作品使她感兴趣;B:她感到非常不安而不能在那家真正的博物馆中待很长时间;C:与那个房子相比,McNay博物馆令人失望。5.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:从最后一段我们能得知什么?根据最后一段中的Ineverre-alizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.可知:人们往往会对身边的美视而不见,故答案为C项。难句分析难句分析原句:Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren tthatinterestedin?分析:本句使用了表示省略的常用句型“Whatif.?”。此外youweren tthatinterestedin为省略关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词apainting。译文:如果他们对于一幅你不那么感兴趣的画谈很长时间怎么办呢?重点词汇重点词汇curiosityn.好奇sculpturen.雕塑splendidadj.绝好的词汇积累词汇积累getonone snerves烦扰某人incase以防Passage2(2018天津夏,D)词数:367Giveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewindblowing?Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild sdayisfilledwithfas-cination,newnessandwonder.Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeunclear;wearenumb(麻木的)tonewstimulation(刺激),newideas.Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandre-quiresbreakingsomebadhabits.Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisblocksawareness.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudentsbegancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkeda-head.Theywerealmostknee-deepwhentheyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey dfeltcoldwateratfirst.Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsession(痴迷)manyofushavewithnamingthings.Isawbirdwatcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a“ruby-crownedkinglet”andcheckeditoff.Theynolongerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing.Thepressuresof“time”and“destination”arefurtherblockstoawareness.Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat saroundthem.Iaskedthemwhatthey dseen.“Oh,afewbirds,”theysaid.Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations.Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopenanewdimensiontoyourlife.1.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore.A.anxioustodowondersB.sensitivetoothers feelingsC.likelytodevelopunpleasanthabitsD.eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem2.WhatideadoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?A.Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions.B.Tostopcomplainingallthetime.C.Tofollowtheteacher sadvice.D.Toadmitmistakeshonestly.3.Thebirdwatchers behaviorshowsthatthey.A.areverypatientintheirobservationB.arereallyfascinatedbynatureC.careonlyaboutthenamesofbirdsD.questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides4.Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundingsduringthejourney?A.Thenaturalbeautyisn tattractivetothem.B.Theyfocusonarrivingatthecampintime.C.Theforestinthedarkisdangerousforthem.D.Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.5.Inthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusweshould.A.filloursensestofeelthewondersoftheworldB.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylifeC.openourmindtonewthingsandideasD.tryourbesttoprotectnature答案答案语篇解读研究发现,与孩子相比,成人对周围事物的感知能力更差。如何才能唤醒这种感知能力呢?文章举例说明并对此给出了答案。1.D推理判断题。根据第二段中孩子和成年人的对比可知,大部分人在孩提时代更善于观察,每天都充满魅力、新奇与惊奇,好奇心使我们每个人都具有一种天生的感知能力。但是那些对小时候的我们来说很明显的差别变得模糊了,我们对新刺激、新观点变得麻木了。由此可推断,与成年人相比,在好奇心的驱使下,孩子更渴望去探索周围的世界。2.A推理判断题。本段开头指出,要唤醒关注周围环境的意识首先不要预测自己会看到什么、会感受到什么,这会妨碍我们的感知能力。而且作者用实际的例子证明了这个观点,故推断出A项符合作者的观点,意为“要避免贸然下结论”。3.C细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,野鸟观察者只关心鸟的名字,不再关注鸟本身和鸟的行为。由此可见C项正确,意为“只关心鸟的名字”。4.B细节理解题。倒数第二段开头提到,“时间”和“目的地”的压力进一步阻止人们去关注周围的环境。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知,远足者们一心想要到达目的地,故B项符合文章内容,意为“他们专注于及时赶到营地”。5.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知,下次你散步时,无论在什么地方,都应该欣赏各种景色,倾听各种声音,接受各种感觉,带着这种心境漫步,你会为生活开辟新领域。由此可知A项符合文章内容,作者建议我们充实感官来感受世界的奇迹。难句分析难句分析原句:Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.分析:although引导让步状语从句;在主句中动名词短语Relearningtheartof.作主语。从句中主语为it,and连接的两个谓语动词为takes和requires。译文:重新学习观察周围世界的技能十分简单,虽然那需要实践并摒除一些坏习惯。重点词汇重点词汇awarenessn.感悟能力sharpadj.敏锐的fascinationn.魅力;入迷distinctionn.区别;差别frameofmind心境;心情;情绪;思想状态dimensionn.维度;方面Passage3(2018天津春,B)词数:385Withasatisfiedsmile,KeishafinishedthelastsentenceofherEnglishessayaboutoneofherheroes,RosaParks,animportantfigureintheCivilRightsMovement.“Keisha,”hermothershoutedfromdownstairs.“It salmost4:15.”“Dontworry.Iwontbelate.”Keishapulleddownastorybookfromherbookshelf,assheal-waysreadtothenursinghomesresidents.Andonanimpulse(一时心血来潮),sheaddedherEnglishnotebookaswell.AsKeishacamerunninginthedoor,themanagertoldher,“Wehaveanewresidentthisweek,Mrs.RubyWatson.She sstilladjustingtohernewsurroundings.You llfindherinRoom28.Andbytheway,Keisha,goodluck.”Keishawalkeddownthehallwayataquickpace.AssheenteredRoom28,shemettwosharpbrowneyesstaringatherdoubtfully.“ImKeishaJackson,avolunteer,”Keishaexplained.“Icomeheretohelppassthetimewithresidents,orreadtothem,or,.”Keishastartedstammering(结巴)asMrs.Watsoncontinuedtostareather.“Ididntrequestanyonetokeepmecompany,”Mrs.Watsoninterrupted.“I malonemostofthetime,andthat showIpreferit.”“Ibroughtalongsomefunnystories,”Keishasaidhesitantly.“I mnotinthemoodforfunnystories,”Mrs.Watsonrepliedangrily.“Whatelsedoyouhave?”Nervously,Keishaopenedhernotebooktoheressay.Shereadthetitlealoud,“RosaParks:AWomanofCourageandConviction(信念).”SheglancedatMrs.Watsontoseehowshemightreact,buttohersurprise,Mrs.Watson sfacerelaxedandhereyesshone.“ReadtomeaboutRosa,”Mrs.Watsonsaid.KeishareadhowRosaParks refusaltogiveupherseattoawhitepassengeronabusin1955in-spiredtheprotestthatbecameaturningpointinthestruggleforcivilrights.“IwalkedwithRosaParksandDr.MartinLutherKing,”Mrs.Watsonsaidwithpride.“Thatwasthegreatestmomentofmylifebecause.”Shepaused.“Because.youwereawomanofcourageandconvictiontoo.”Sittingupstraighter,Mrs.Watsonsaid,“Yes,IwasandIstillam.Thankyouforremindingme,Keisha.NextThursday,Iwilltellyoumystory.”1.WhydidKeishatakeherEnglishnotebookalong?A.Hermotheraskedhertotakeit.B.Shewouldhanditinonherway.C.Shemightreadheressaytosomeone.D.Themanagerwantedtoreadheressay.2.WhydidthemanagerwishKeishagoodluckbeforeshevisitedMrs.Watson?A.Mrs.Watsoncouldbedifficult.B.Mrs.Watsonwasinpoorhealth.C.Keishawasfeelingnervous.D.Keishawasashyperson.3.Mrs.Watson seyes(Para.10)suggestedthatshewas.A.amusedB.puzzledC.annoyedD.interested4.WhateffectdidKeisha sessayhaveonMrs.Watson?A.Itarousedhercuriosityinvolunteerwork.B.Itbuiltupherexpectationformorevisitors.C.Itawokeherprideinherstruggleforcivilrights.D.ItchangedherattitudetotheCivilRightsMovement.5.Readersmayfindthisstoryinspiringbecause.A.agirlenjoyslearningaboutherheroesB.agirlhelpssomeonefeelappreciatedC.awomanovercomeshardshipbyherselfD.awomangathersthecourageforlife答案答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。讲述了一个女孩通过读自己的论文让一个刚进入养老院的老太太对自己的过往经历充满了自豪感的故事。1.C细节理解题。由第一段可知,她对自己写的论文很满意。由第三段中的Keishapulleddownastorybookfromherbookshelf,asshealwaysreadtothenursinghome sresidents.Andonanimpulse,sheaddedherEnglishnotebookaswell.可知,她有和别人分享自己写的论文的冲动,故选C。2.A推理判断题。由下文起初老太太对待女孩的态度及女孩与那位老太太的对话中老太太说话的语气可推知答案。3.D推理判断题。由第十段中的buttohersurprise,Mrs.Watson sfacerelaxedandhereyesshone.“ReadtomeaboutRosa,”Mrs.Watsonsaid.可推知答案。4.C推理判断题。根据文中倒数第三段中的Mrs.Watsonsaidwithpride.“Thatwasthegreatestmomentofmylifebecause.”可知,她想起了之前为民权斗争的经历而产生了自豪感,故答案为C。5.B主旨大意题。文章主要讲了女孩让老太太对自己的过往经历充满了自豪感。词汇提示词汇提示1.adjustto适应2.hesitantlyadv.迟疑地长难句长难句KeishareadhowRosaParks refusaltogiveupherseattoawhitepassengeronabusin1955inspiredtheprotestthatbecameaturningpointinthestruggleforcivilrights.凯莎阅读了1955年罗莎帕克斯拒绝在公交车上把她的座位让给一个白人乘客这件事是怎样激起了后来成了争取公民权利的斗争的转折点的抗议活动的。本句为主从复合句。句子主干为主谓宾结构Keishareadhow.;how之后的部分一直到结尾都是read的宾语从句;宾语从句中的主干是RosaParks refusalinspiredtheprotest;togiveup.作后置定语修饰refusal;thatbecameaturningpointinthestruggleforcivilrights为定语从句,修饰theprotest。Passage4(2018天津春,D)词数:383Mostpeoplearen tgoodatcreativeproblem-solvingfortworeasons:(1)Theyarenottrainedinhowtobecreative.(2)Theydon tunderstandgroupstrengthwellenoughtoharness(驾驭)theirpowertomaximizegroupcreativity.Akeyelementofcreativityisapplyingexistingknowledgetoanewproblem.Themorepeoplegettinginvolvedinsolvingit,themoreknowledgethereistoworkonit.Unfortunately,researchshowsthatthetraditionalbrainstormingmethodsfailtoachievethatgoal.Whengroupsgettogeth-ertoexchangeideas,theyactuallycomeupwithfewerideasoverallthaniftheyeachhadworkedalone.Tofixthisproblem,youshouldconsiderthetwostagesofgroupproblem-solving:divergence(分散)andconvergence(集中).Divergencehappenswhenthegroupconsidersasmanydifferentpo-tentialsolutionsaspossible.Convergencehappenswhenthevariousproposedsolutionsareevalu-atedandreducedtoasmallersetofcandidatesolutionstothecurrentproblem.Theessentialprincipleofgroupcreativityisthatindividualsworkingalonediverge,whereasgroupmembersworkingtogetherconverge.Ingroups,onceamemberstatesapotentialsolution,thatmakesothersthinkabouttheproblemsimilarly.Thatiswhygroupsworkingtogetherdivergelessthanindividualsworkingalone.Therefore,beawareofwhentodivergeandwhentoconverge.Forexample,earlyintheproblem-solvingprocess,havegroupmembersworkalonetowritedownstatementsdescribingtheproblem.Thengetthembacktodiscusstheirdescriptions.Thegroupdiscussionwillleadeveryonetoac-ceptoneorasmallnumberofthesestatementstoworkonthisishealthyconvergence.Whenstartingtogeneratesolutions,youagainwantdivergence.Havepeopleworkalonetostart.Thencollectpeople sinitialideasandsendthemaroundtoothersandallowthedivergencetocon-tinueaseveryoneindividuallybuildsontheideasofothermembers.Finally,letthegroupdiscusstheresultingideas.Thisdiscussionwillgraduallyleadthegrouptoconvergeonasmallnumberofcandidatesolutions.Thissimplemethodworkseffectively,becauseitrespectswhatindividualsandgroupsdobest.1.Researchshowsthatthetraditionalbrainstormingmethods.A.actuallylimitgroupcreativityB.greatlyencouragegroupcreativityC.enablepeopletoformmoreideastogetherD.preventpeople sinvolvementintheproblems2.AccordingtoPara.4,whenamemberpresentsanidea,otherstendto.A.thinktheotherwayroundB.followhiswayofthinkingC.bemoreconfidentintheirownideasD.belesswillingtosharetheirownideas3.Whatshouldgroupmembersfirstdoearlyintheproblem-solvingprocess?A.Discusstheproblem.B.Simplifytheproblem.C.Putdowngroupstatementstogether.D.Writedowntheirindividualdescriptions.4.Howcaneachgroupmembermakechangestohisinitialsolution?A.Byaddingincollectedevidence.B.Byreorganizinghisownwords.C.Bydrawingonothers ideas.D.Bymakinghisstatementbriefer.5.Whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toadvocateawaytomakegroupthinkingmoreeffective.B.Todemonstratethedifficultyinorganizinggroupthinking.C.Tohighlightthedifferencesbetweendivergenceandconvergence.D.Toshowtheadvantageofgroupthinkingoverindividualthinking.答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文。文章就小组头脑风暴中如何更有效、更富有创造性地解决问题给出了一种虽然简单但行之有效的方法。1.A细节理解题。由第二段中的Unfortunately,researchshowsthatthetraditionalbrainstorm-ingmethodsfailtoachievethatgoal.Whengroupsgettogethertoexchangeideas,theyactuallycomeupwithfewerideasoverallthaniftheyeachhadworkedalone.可知选A项。2.B细节理解题。由第四段第二句Ingroups,onceamemberstatesapotentialsolution,thatmakesothersthinkabouttheproblemsimilarly.可知选B项。3.D细节理解题。由第五段第二句Forexample,earlyintheproblem-solvingprocess,havegroupmembersworkalonetowritedownstatementsdescribingtheproblem.可知选D项。4.C推理判断题。由第六段结尾处的everyoneindividuallybuildsontheideasofothermem-bers可知选C。drawon(为某种目的)动用(信息、经验、知识等)。5.A推理判断题。由尾段Thissimplemethodworkseffectively,becauseitrespectswhatindi-vidualsandgroupsdobest.可推知答案为A。本文提供了一种使小组思考更有效的方法。词汇提示词汇提示1.maximizev.使最大化,使增加到最大限度2.comeupwith提出,想出3.evaluatev.评价,评估长难句长难句Thissimplemethodworkseffectively,becauseitrespectswhatindividualsandgroupsdobest.这种简单的方法行之有效,因为它尊重个人和群体的最佳表现。because引导原因状语从句;what引导宾语从句。Passage5(2017天津夏,B)词数:359Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdo-ingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethepho-toanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachother sspaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsome-thingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,sep-aratedonlybyathinsquareofglass.1.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?A.Hercamerastoppedworking.B.Awomanblockedherview.C.Someoneaskedhertoleave.D.Afriendapproachedfrombehind.2.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably.A.enjoyingherselfB.losingherpatienceC.waitingforthesunsetD.thinkingaboutherpast3.Intheauthor sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?A.Therichcolorofthelandscape.B.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.C.Thewoman sexistenceinthephoto.D.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.4.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand.A.theneedtobeclosetonatureB.theimportanceofprivatespaceC.thejoyofthevacationinItalyD.thesharedpassionforbeauty5.Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor sreflectionsupon.A.aparticularlifeexperienceB.thepleasureoftravelingC.theartofphotographyD.alostfriendship答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在我的一次旅途中我发现了一个非常值得拍摄的美景,就在我即将拍摄之际镜头中出现了一个“破坏”风景的女人身影。万般无奈苦苦等待后这张照片中还是留下了她的身影,却有了意想不到的效果。1.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.”可知,就在我即将拍摄之际,一位妇女挡住了我的视线。所以答案为B项。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.”可知,和我一样,她也是在这儿停下来喘口气,欣赏美景。所以答案为A项。3.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.”可知答案为C项。4.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“.thatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.”可知答案为D项。A项:接近大自然的需求;B项:私人空间的重要性;C项:在意大利度假的快乐。这三项与作者提及挂在自己卧室的这张照片没有关联。5.A推理判断题。作者在意大利游玩时,拍摄了一张有趣的照片,这张挂在卧室里的照片让作者有了一些启发。由此推断出作者的启发来自生活中的一次特别的经历,所以答案为A项。长难句长难句原句:PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.分析:本句为复合句。PatientasIwas=AlthoughIwaspatient,是让步状语从句;afterabout15minutes为介词短语作时间状语;Iwouldeventuallytake是定语从句,修饰先行词theshot。译文:尽管我很有耐心,但是在我的照相机扫描太阳和反复聚焦于我最终要拍摄的风景大约15分钟后,我开始沮丧泄气了。重点词汇重点词汇pausev.暂停;停顿positionv.安装;安置;使处于eventuallyadv.终于;最后词汇积累词汇积累scanv.浏览;扫描landscapen.风景;景色Passage6(2017天津春,D)词数:281Thepaceoftoday sworkinglifeblurs(使模糊)thelinebetweenpersonaltimeandworktime,anditincreasinglymixespersonallifestyleandworkstyle.Andascompaniesaretryinghardtoattractandkeepyoungpeoplefortheirtechnicalskillsandenthusiasmforchange,officecultureisbe-cominganextensionofyouthculture.Thismaybenobadthing.Formostofhumanhistorythemiddle-agedhaveruled,butinthefuture,theywillhavetosharepowerwithfresh-facedyouths.Therehavebeenanumberofreasonsforthischangeandthemostdramaticoftheseistechnology.Childrenhavealwaysbeenmoreexpertthantheirparentsatsomething,butusuallyagameorafashion,notthecentury smostimportantbusinesstool.TheInternethasstartedthefirstindustrialrevolutioninhistorytobeledbytheyoung.Thoughtherehavebeenyouthrevolutionsbefore,noneofthemmadeabigchangethewaytheInternethas.Throughoutthe20thcentury,ifayoungpersonwantedtoenteranAmericancompanytheyneededtoleavetheiryouthbehind.Theygotahaircut,andprobablyasuitoratleastatie.Nowthesamehair,sameclothes,evennearlythesamehoursapplytoofficeandhome.IfithadnotbeenfortheInternet,thischangecouldnothavehappened.However,itdidnothappenbecauseoftheInternetonly;thecorporaterestructurings(公司重组)ofthe1980sand90sbrokedowntraditionalhierarchies(等级制度).Inmanycompanies,seniority-based(基于资历的)hierar-chieshavebeenreplacedbyhierarchiesbasedonperformance.Theabilitiestopleaseyoursuperi-orsarenolongerthemostvaluedskills.Today semployeesstaywithcompaniesonlyaslongastheyfeelchallengedandrewarded;movingfromjobtojobisnowasignofambition.Theriseoftheyoungisagoodthing,becauseitgivesthemmoreopportunitytoputtheirideasandenergyintopracticeattheirmostcreativestageinlife.Nowadaysyouthandyouthqualitiesseemtodominate,buttheexperienceandmaturityofolderemployeesshouldbeputtogooduse,too.1.Acompanytriestoattractyoungpeoplefortheir.A.officecultureB.modernlifestyleC.changingattitudeD.technicalabilities2.Inthe20thcentury,toenteranAmericancompany,ayoungpersonneededto.A.workintheofficeandathomeB.haveaneye-catchinghairstyleC.dressinthebusinessstyleD.leavethebusinesstoolbehind3.AccordingtoParagraph3,companyhierarchiesarebasedontheemployees .A.achievementsB.ageandexperienceC.skillswiththeInternetD.abilitytopleasetheboss4.Whyistheriseoftheyoungagoodthing?A.Theybecomemoreenergeticinlife.B.Theyhavetakenoverthecompanies.C.Theircreativitycanbeputtogooduse.D.Theirideasappealtoagreatmanypeople.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Youngpeoplewillleadinfashion.B.Youngpeoplewillhavemorepower.C.Olderpeoplewillstepoffthehistoricalstage.D.Olderpeoplewillcontinuetobethemainforce.答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文。题材为社会现象类。由于互联网的普及和20世纪八九十年代公司重组打破了传统的等级制度,年轻人在公司中的地位越来越高。1.D细节理解题。由首段第二句Andascompaniesaretryinghardtoattractandkeepyoungpeoplefortheirtechnicalskillsandenthusiasmforchange,officecultureisbecominganextensionofyouthculture.可知选D。2.C推理判断题。由第二段倒数第二句和倒数第三句Throughoutthe20thcentury,ifayoungpersonwantedtoenteranAmericancompanytheyneededtoleavetheiryouthbehind.Theygotahaircut,andprobablyasuitoratleastatie.可推知答案。3.A细节理解题。由第三段第三句Inmanycompanies,seniority-based(基于资历的)hierar-chieshavebeenreplacedbyhierarchiesbasedonperformance.可知答案。performance转换成了achievements。4.C细节理解题。由尾段首句Theriseoftheyoungisagoodthing,becauseitgivesthemmoreopportunitytoputtheirideasandenergyintopracticeattheirmostcreativestageinlife.可知答案。5.B推理判断题。由首段内容和末段尾句中的Nowadaysyouthandyouthqualitiesseemtodominate可推断出答案。词汇提示词汇提示1.enthusiasmn.热情,热忱,激情2.extensionn.延伸,扩大3.applyto适用于4.ambitionn.抱负,雄心5.dominatev.支配,影响6.maturityn.成熟;老成长难句长难句IfithadnotbeenfortheInternet,thischangecouldnothavehappened.如果不是互联网,这种改变是不可能发生的。本句用了虚拟语气。表示对过去情况的虚拟,条件句用过去完成时,主句用“would/could/might/should+havedone”。Passage7(2016天津,B)词数:422Everymanwantshissontobesomewhatofaclone,notinfeaturesbutinfootsteps.Ashegrowsyoualsoage,andyourambitionsbecomemoreunachievable.Youbegintorealizethatyourboy,inyourfootsteps,couldprobablyaccomplishwhatyouhopedfor.Butfootstepscanbemuddiedandtheycangooffindifferentdirections.MysonJodyhashatedschoolsincedayoneinkindergarten.Scienceprojectswaiteduntilthelastmoment.Bookreportsweren twrittenuntilthefinalthreat.I vebeenanewspapermanallmyadultlife.Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster sdegreeinEnglish.ButJody?Whenheenteredthetenthgradehebecamea“vo-tech”student(技校学生).They recalled“motorheads”bytherestofthestudentbody.Whenasecretaryinmyofficefirstcalledhim“motorhead”,Iwasshocked.“Hey,he sagoodkid,”Iwantedtosay.“Andsmart,really.”Ilearnedlaterthatmotorheadsare,indeed,different.Theyusuallyhavedirtyhandsandweardirtyworkclothes.Andtheydon toftenmakeschoolhonorrolls(光荣榜).Butbeingtheparentofamotorheadisitselfanexperienceineducation.Wewholaborincleanshirtsinofficesdon thavetheabilitiesthatmotorheadshave.IbegantolearnthiswhenIhadmycarcrashed.Thecosttorepairitwasestimatedat$800.“Hey,Icanfixit,”saidJody.Idoubtedit,butlethimgoahead,forIhadnothingtolose.Myson,withothermotorheads,fixedthecar.Theygotparts(零件)fromajunkyard,andabilityfromvo-techclasses.Thecostwas$25insteadof$800.Sincethatfirstrepairjob,abrokenair-conditioner,anon-functioningwasherandanon-toastingtoasterhavebeenfixed.Neighborsandco-workerstrusttheircarrepairstohim.Thesekidsarehappiestwhendoingrepairs.Theyjokeandlaughandarelivingintheirownre-laxedworld.Andtheirmindsarebrightdespitetheirdirtyhandsandclothes.Ihavelearnedalotfrommymotorhead:publishersneedprinters,engineersneedmechanics,andarchitectsneedbuilders.Mostimportantly,Ihavelearnedthatfathersdon tneedclonesinfoot-stepsoranywhereelse.Mysonmaynevermaketheschoolhonorroll.Buthemademine.1.Whatusedtobetheauthor shopeforhisson?A.Toavoidbecominghisclone.B.Toresemblehiminappearance.C.Todevelopinadifferentdirection.D.Toreachtheauthor sunachievedgoals.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor schildren?A.Hisdaughterdoesbetterinschool.B.Hisdaughterhasgotamaster sdegree.C.Hissontriedhardtofinishhomework.D.Hissoncouldn twritehisbookreports.3.Theauthorlethissonrepairthecarbecausehebelievedthat.A.hissonhadtheabilitytofixitB.itwouldsavehimmuchtimeC.itwouldn tcausehimanymorelossD.othermotorheadswouldcometohelp4.Intheauthor seyes,motorheadsare.A.tidyandhard-workingB.cheerfulandsmartC.lazybutbrightD.relaxedbutrude5.Whatdidtheauthorrealizeintheend?A.Itisunwisetoexpectyourchildtofollowyourpath.B.Itisimportantforonetomakethehonorroll.C.Architectsplayamoreimportantrolethanbuilders.D.Motorheadshavegreaterabilitythanofficeworkers.答案答案语篇解读本文为夹叙夹议文,题材为教育类。每一个人都希望自己的儿子和自己一样,不是在容貌上,而是在人生的足迹上。作者通过自己儿子的成长经历意识到,做父亲的全然不需要让儿子变成另一个自己。1.D推理判断题。由首段前三句可知作者原来一直希望儿子能跟随自己的脚步来实现自己未实现的目标,故答案为D。2.A细节理解题。由第二段及第三段第二句可知答案选A。3.C细节理解题。由第六段尾句“Idoubtedit,butlethimgoahead,forIhadnothingtolose.”可知选C。4.B观点态度题。由倒数第三段可知答案为B。5.A推理判断题。由倒数第二段尾句“Mostimportantly,Ihavelearnedthatfathersdon tneedclonesinfootstepsoranywhereelse.”及文章最后一句可知选A。词汇提示词汇提示1.somewhatadv.有几分2.muddyv.使变得泥泞3.estimatev.估算,估计长难句长难句Youbegintorealizethatyourboy,inyourfootsteps,couldprobablyaccomplishwhatyouhopedfor.你开始意识到你的儿子跟随你的脚步很可能会完成你希望做的事情。that引导宾语从句,作动词realize的宾语;what引导宾语从句,作动词accomplish的宾语;inyourfootsteps为插入语。Passage8(2015天津,A)词数:313UniversityRoomRegulationsApprovedandProhibitedItemsThefollowingitemsareapprovedforuseinresidential(住宿的)rooms:electricblankets,hairdryers,personalcomputers,radios,televisionsandDVDplayers.Itemsthatarenotallowedinstudentroomsinclude:candles,ceilingfans,fireworks,waterbeds,sunlampsandwirelessrouters.PleasenotethatanyprohibiteditemswillbetakenawaybytheOfficeofResidenceLife.AccesstoResidentialRoomsStudentsareprovidedwithacombination(组合密码)fortheirroomdoorlocksuponcheck-in.Donotshareyourroomdoorlockcombinationwithanyone.TheOfficeofResidenceLifemaychangethedoorlockcombinationatanytimeattheexpenseoftheresidentifitisfoundthatthestudenthassharedthecombinationwithothers.Thefeeis$25tochangearoomcombination.CookingPolicyStudentslivinginbuildingsthathavekitchensareonlypermittedtocookinthekitchen.Studentsmustcleanupaftercooking.Thisisnottheresponsibilityofhousekeepingstaff.Kitchensthatarenotkeptcleanmaybeclosedforuse.Withtheexceptionofusingasmallmicrowaveoven(微波炉)toheatfood,studentsarenotpermittedtocookintheirrooms.PetPolicyNopetsexceptfisharepermittedinstudentrooms.Studentswhoarefoundwithpets,whethervisit-ingorownedbythestudent,aresubjecttoaninitialfineof$100andacontinuingfineof$50adayperpet.Studentsreceivewrittennoticewhenthefinegoesintoeffect.If,oneweekfromthedateofwrittennotice,thepetisnotremoved,thestudentisreferredtotheStudentCourt.QuietHoursResidentialbuildingsmustmaintainanatmospherethatsupportstheacademicmissionoftheUni-versity.Minimumquiethoursinallcampusresidencesare11:00pmto8:00amSundaythroughThursday.QuiethoursonFridayandSaturdaynightsare1:00amto8:00am.Studentswhoviolatequiethoursaresubjecttoafineof$25.1.Whichofthefollowingitemsareallowedinstudentrooms?A.Ceilingfansandwaterbeds.B.Wirelessroutersandradios.C.Hairdryersandcandles.D.TVsandelectricblankets.2.Whatifastudentisfoundtohavetoldhiscombinationtoothers?A.Thecombinationshouldbechanged.B.TheOfficeshouldbecharged.C.Heshouldreplacethedoorlock.D.Heshouldcheckoutoftheroom.3.Whatdoweknowaboutthecookingpolicy?A.Amicrowaveovencanbeused.B.Cookinginstudentroomsispermitted.C.Ahousekeeperistocleanupthekitchen.D.Studentsaretoclosekitchendoorsaftercooking.4.Ifastudenthaskeptacatinhisroomforaweeksincethewarning,hewillface.A.parentvisitsB.afineof$100C.theStudentCourtD.awrittennotice5.Whencanstudentsenjoyapartyinresidences?A.7:00am,Sunday.B.7:30am,Thursday.C.11:30pm,Monday.D.00:30am,Saturday.答案答案语篇解读本文为应用文,题材为学校生活类。文章介绍了大学宿舍的管理制度。1.D细节理解题。由第一段的相关说明可知D项正确。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知答案为A。3.A细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,A项正确。4.C推理判断题。由第四段的相关内容可知选C。5.D推理判断题。由最后一段的相关内容可推知D项正确。词汇提示词汇提示1.approvedadj.经核准的,被认可的Atpresent,nowidelyapprovedvaccineexistsformalaria.目前,还没有被广泛认可的疟疾疫苗。2.routern.路由器Thisisnormalifyou rebehindafirewallorarouter.当你处于防火墙和路由器之后时这很正常.3.refer.to把提交给/委托给Tomisgoingtoreferthemattertothemeeting.汤姆打算把这件事提交到会议上。4.violatevt.违反Cantheybeallowedtoviolaterulesandregulationsatwill?难道能容许他们随心所欲地违反规章制度吗?长难句长难句Studentslivinginbuildingsthathavekitchensareonlypermittedtocookinthekitchen.住在有厨房的楼里的学生们只能在厨房做饭。本句为复合句。现在分词短语livinginbuildings作定语修饰主语students;定语从句thathavekitchens修饰名词buildings;bepermittedtodosth.被允许做某事。Passage9(2014天津,B)词数:352Aworld-famousCanadianauthor,MargaretAtwood,hascreatedtheworld sfirstlong-distancesigningdevice(装置),theLongPen.Aftermanytiringbook-signingtoursfromcitytocity,Atwoodthoughttheremustbeabetterwaytodothem.Shehiredsometechnicalexpertsandstartedherowncompanyin2004.TogethertheydesignedtheLongPen.Here showitworks:Theauthorwritesapersonalmessageandsignatureonacomputertablet(手写板)usingaspecialpen.Onthereceivingend,inanothercity,aroboticarmfittedwitharegularpensignsthebook.Theauthorandfancantalkwitheachotherviawebcams(网络摄像机)andcomputerscreens.WorkontheLongPenbeganinAtwood sbasement(地下室).Atfirst,theyhadnoideaitwouldbeashardasitturnedouttobe.Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions,includingonethatactuallyhadsmokecomingoutofit.Theinventingfinallycompleted,testrunsweremadeinOttawa,andtheLongPenwasofficiallylaunchedatthe2006LondonBookFair.Fromhere,AtwoodconductedtwotransatlanticbooksigningsofherlatestbookforfansinTorontoandNewYorkCity.TheLongPenproducesauniquesignatureeachtimebecauseitcopiesthemovementoftheauthorinrealtime.Ithasseveralotherpotentialapplications.Itcouldincreasecreditcardsecurityandal-lowpeopletosigncontractsfromanotherprovince.Thevideoexchangebetweensignerandre-ceivercanberecordedonDVDforproofwhenlegaldocumentsareused.“It sreallyfun,”saidtheownerofabookstore,whowaspresentforoneofthetestruns.“Obvi-ouslyyoucan tshakehandswiththeauthor,buttherearechancesforaconnectionthatyoudon tgetfromaregularbooksigning.”Theresponsetotheinventionhasn tbeenallfavorable.Atwoodhasreceivedcriticismfromau-thorswhothinkshe stryingtoendbooktours.Butshesaid,“Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn taffordit.”1.WhydidAtwooddecidetoinventtheLongPen?A.Tosetupherowncompany.B.Towinherselfgreaterpopularity.C.Towriteherbooksinanewway.D.Tomakebooksigningslesstiring.2.HowdoestheLongPenwork?A.Itcopiestheauthor ssignatureandprintsitonabook.B.Itsignsabookwhilereceivingtheauthor ssignature.C.Thewebcamsendstheauthor ssignaturetoanothercity.D.Thefanusesittocopytheauthor ssignaturehimself.3.WhatdoweknowabouttheinventionoftheLongPen?A.Ithasbeencompletedbutnotputintouse.B.Thebasementcaughtfirebyaccident.C.Someversionsfailedbeforeitstestrun.D.Thedesignerswerewell-preparedforthedifficulty.4.HowcouldtheLongPenbeusedinthefuture?A.Todraftlegaldocuments.B.Toimprovecreditcardsecurity.C.Tokeeparecordoftheauthor sideas.D.Toallowauthorandfantoexchangevideos.5.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6?A.Atwooddoesn tmeantoendbooktours.B.CriticsthinktheLongPenisoflittleuse.C.Bookstoreownersdon tsupporttheLongPen.D.PublishersdisliketheLongPenforitshighcost.答案答案语篇解读本文是说明文,题材为科普知识与现代技术。本文介绍了世界著名的加拿大作者MargaretAtwood设计的远距离签字设备LongPen。1.D推理判断题。由文章第二段第一句可知,经过许多次奔波于不同城市间的令人疲惫的巡回签名售书活动后,Atwood认为一定有一种更好的签售的办法。由此可推测,Atwood决定发明LongPen的目的就是让这种签售活动稍微轻松一点。故选择D项。2.B推理判断题。由第二段第四、五句可知LongPen的工作原理:作者用一支专用笔在电脑的手写板上写上个人信息和签名,另一个城市的接收方用配备了常规笔的机器手臂在书上签名。故选择B项。3.C推理判断题。由第三段第三句Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions,includingonethatactuallyhadsmokecomingoutofit.可知,LongPen在获得成功之前经历过数次失败。故选择C项。4.B细节理解题。由第四段中Ithasseveralotherpotentialapplications.Itcouldincreasecreditcardsecurityand.可知,LongPen还有很多潜在的功能,比如说提高信用卡的安全性。故选择B项。5.A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Atwood所说的内容可推断出,她并没有打算结束她的巡回签名售书活动。故选择A项。词汇提示词汇提示1.authorn.作家,作者2.versionn.版本3.transatlanticadj.横跨大西洋的4.uniqueadj.唯一的,独一无二的,独特的长难句长难句Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn taffordit.将来你们可能去原来由于出版商缺少资金而没能派你们去的地方。本句是一个复合句。getsentto被派送去,that引导定语从句,修饰先行词places;because引导原因状语从句。B B组统一命题、省组统一命题、省( (区、市区、市) )卷题组卷题组Unit1Passage1(2018课标全国,D)词数:351Wemaythinkwe reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That sbadnewsfortheenvironmentandourwalletsastheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslifefromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We renotjustkeepingtheseolddeviceswecon-tinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat sthesolution(解决方案)?Theteam sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.2.WhydidBabbitt steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals.B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.3.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.答案答案语篇解读我们也许认为当新的科技产品出现时,人们会将已经落后、过时的东西抛弃,但研究发现事实并非如此。陈旧的产品仍然被使用着,但是使用起来消耗的能源多、污染大,的确应该及时淘汰。1.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者认为新装置怎么样?根据第一段最后一句可知,继续使用过时的装置对环境和我们的钱包都不是好消息,因为它们与新装置相比,做相同的事情会消耗更多的能源。由此可判断,作者认为新装置有利于环保。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么Babbitt的团队要进行这项研究?根据第二段第一句可知,为了弄清楚这些设备消耗多少电量,Babbitt和同事们持续跟踪每个产品在其使用周期内的环境成本。D项意为“为了查清这些装置耗费的电量。”,与文章内容一致。3.B细节理解题。本题题干意为:以下哪种装置耗能最少?根据第一段可知新装置耗费的能量较少,而第二段则指出与其他几种装置相比,tablets(平板电脑)出现的时间最晚,为最新的科技产品,而且最后一段指出,tablets具有多种功能,比电视和台式电脑消耗的能量少,故B项正确。4.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:文章建议人们如何处理陈旧的电子设备?最后一段讲到了解决方案,本段指出,研究人员探索了消费者用有多种功能的电子产品替换陈旧产品后的结果。由最后一句可知,用平板电脑代替电视和台式电脑来收看娱乐节目,会减少44%的能源消耗。由此可知文章建议人们不要再使用陈旧的电子设备,故A项正确。难句分析难句分析原句:Wemaythinkwe reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsome-thingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddeviceswellaftertheygooutofstyle.分析:but连接两个并列的分句,在but前的分句中,think后为宾语从句,在该宾语从句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词culture;在but后的分句中,that引导的宾语从句作shows的宾语,after引导时间状语从句。译文:我们也许认为,在我们的文化中,一看到闪光的新东西,就会淘汰陈旧的科技。但是一项新研究表明,在陈旧装置早就过时之后,我们仍在继续使用它们。重点词汇重点词汇shinyadj.闪光的;有光泽的evolvev.逐渐发展definev.给下定义;界定accumulatev.积聚;积累consumptionn.消费;消耗Passage2(2018课标全国,C)词数:368WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrizewhichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitectureonFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).Hisof-ficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wang sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftradi-tions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAn-do,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.“Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,”hesaid.“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,”hesaid.“Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,”saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.1.Wang swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare.A.followingthelatestworldtrend B.gettinginternationalrecognitionC.workingharderthaneverbeforeD.relyingonforeignarchitects2.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A.Itshillyenvironment.B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle.D.Itsdiversefunctions.3.WhatmadeWang sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes. B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.4.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A.Spreadthemtotheworld.B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities.D.Recreatetheminpractice.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。题材为人物故事类。文章介绍了中国建筑设计师王澍将传统与现代结合,将中国传统元素融入自己的建筑设计中,荣获了2012年普利兹克建筑奖。1.B推理判断题。根据第二段第一句(他们的努力已被证明是富有成效的。)和最后一句(他是第一个获得这一奖项的中国公民。)可推知,王澍获奖意味着中国的建筑设计师正在获得世界的认可,故选B项。2.C细节理解题。根据第四段的内容,尤其是最后一句(这些建筑物的曲线与山的起伏完美搭配,形成了独特的风景。)可知答案为C项。3.D推理判断题。题干句意:什么使王澍的建筑设计获得了成功?根据第五段最后一句(由于现代元素与中国传统元素的结合,这一作品吸引了很多关注。)可知答案为D项。4.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句(对传统的学习应该和实践相结合。)可知答案为D项。难句分析难句分析原句:WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrizewhichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitectureonFebruary28.分析:句子的主干为WangShuwonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize,句中a49-year-oldChi-nesearchitect为同位语;which引导定语从句,先行词为PritzkerArchitecturePrize,which在从句中作主语。译文:王澍,一位49岁的中国建筑设计师,在2012年2月28日获得了普利兹克建筑奖,这一奖项经常被称为“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”。重点词汇重点词汇landmarkbuilding地标建筑fruitfuladj.富有成效的Passage3(2018浙江,A)词数:313In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.PeoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacenturymostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(识字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreader-shipandwhosecharactersfromOliverTwisttoTinyTimwereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.ItspartlytruethatDickensstyleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.Itspartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200than-niversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossibleandimportantforourownculturetounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.2.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress.A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature3.Whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberagreatwriter.B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国小说的发展以及狄更斯在小说发展过程中的重要作用。1.C细节理解题。从第一段的整体叙述尤其是最后一句Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.可知,在18世纪,小说被认为是几乎没有用的东西。A项:它们很难懂;B项:它们在富人中很受欢迎;D项:它们主要是由女人写的。这三个选项均与文章不符。2.D推理判断题。第二段主要介绍了狄更斯的重要地位,在本段的最后,作者把狄更斯和蒙娜丽莎相比就是为了突出他在文学上的重要性。故选D项。3.A推理判断题。本文主要讲述了狄更斯在小说发展史上的重要作用,尤其是文章最后一句Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossibleandimportantforourowncul-turetounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知,作者呼吁人们要记住他,因此A项正确,意为“纪念一位伟大的作家”。B项:介绍一本英文小说;C项:鼓励文化研究;D项:宣传维多利亚时代的价值观。这三个选项都不符合文章的主旨。难句分析难句分析原句:In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpub-lisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharactersfromOliverTwisttoTinyTimwereheldupasmoraltouch-stones.分析:when引导时间状语从句,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher是主句。who和whose均引导定语从句。译文:1870年,当狄更斯去世的时候,全世界都沉痛悼念这个世界上第一位专业的作家和出版商;他非常出名,深受人们的喜爱。他使小说的出版和读者人数急剧增加。他小说中的主人公从奥利弗特维斯特到小蒂姆被认为是道德的标准。重点词汇重点词汇professionallyadv.职业地;专业地unchallengedadj.未引起质疑的casualadj.随便的Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownPassage4(2018北京,C)词数:345Plastic-EatingWormsabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms chewingalonewasnotre-sponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmassapparentlybro-kendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfoodbeeswaxalsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocessnotsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.2.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文。文章介绍了大蜡螟的幼虫,它胃中的酶可以降解塑料。1.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的“thewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics”以及下面的“andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit”可知,本题选择C项。2.B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句“Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoi-dentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmi-crobes?”可知,本题选择B项。3.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess.”可以推断出,将来这种化学物质可能会在工厂被生产,故选择D项。4.C推理判断题。文章第一段最后一句话提出有一种除去塑料垃圾的方法,下文一直围绕这种方法展开说明,故选择C项。难句分析难句分析原句:Toconfirmthattheworms chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreak-down,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopasteandappliedittoplasticfilms.分析:To.breakdown是目的状语,confirm后接that引导的宾语从句,从句中theworms chewingalone是主语。译文:为了证实只有幼虫的咀嚼是不会使聚乙烯降解的,研究人员将一些幼虫弄成糊状物并涂在塑料薄膜上。重点词汇重点词汇windup以告终applysth.tosth.把某物涂在某物上filmn.薄膜词汇积累词汇积累polyethylenen.聚乙烯evolvev.进化,进化形成Unit2Passage1(2017课标全国,B)词数:290IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebas-kettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.AnditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofallLUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.1.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.2.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A.Torescueawoman.B.Totakecareofawoman.C.Tolookatababyowl.D.Tocureayoungowl.3.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.4.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.It sunexpected.B.It sbeautiful.C.It shumorous.D.It sdiscouraging.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一个保护野生动物的志愿者组织工作,这份工作既有艰辛痛苦也有拯救生命带来的幸福。请看作者是怎么救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的吧!1.A推理判断题。根据第一段中的“canbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain”可知,拯救野生动物的工作有时令人心碎,因为动物不一定能活下来,也就是说可能会徒劳无功,由此可知答案为A项。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Shehadfoundayoungowlontheground.”和第三段中的“Iexaminedthechickanditseemedfine.”可知,作者接到一个居住在Muttontown的妇女的电话,于是赶过来看看这只雏鸟的情况,由此可知答案为C项。3.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的描述可知作者给这只雏鸟制作了一个安全舒适的新巢,把它放进去后,很快它就安静了下来。由此可知答案为A项。4.B推理判断题。由最后一段的描述可知,作者回到家,焦急地等待结果,结果是雏鸟的父母被雏鸟发出的声音吸引了过来,并开始照料它了。它存活下来了。结合第一段中的whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful可知答案为B项。重点词汇重点词汇heartbreakingadj.令人心碎的survivaln.存活,生存constructvt.建造;构筑calmdown平静下来respondto对做出反应Passage2(2017课标全国,D)词数:288Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It saplant swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There sawholelotgoingon.1.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C.Itstandsquietly.D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?A.Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.3.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.A.predictnaturaldisastersB.protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC.talktooneanotherintentionallyD.helptheirneighborswhennecessary4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.D.PeopleinDarwin stimeweremoreimaginative.答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文。研究发现,当植物受到攻击时,它们不会坐以待毙,而是会释放出某种化学物质。这可能是对其他植物发出的一种预警信号,也可能是自我保护的一种方式。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段枫树的例子可知,当其受到攻击时,受到伤害的部位会释放出被称为VOCs的化学物质,由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻击时都会做出这种反应,故D项正确。植物被攻击时释放出的是化学物质而不是噪音,故排除A;释放出的化学物质是对其他植物的预警,而不是从其他植物那里得到帮助,故排除B;根据第一段首句可排除C项。2.A推理判断题。根据第三段可知,某些植物受到攻击时,会释放出某种香味,将攻击者的天敌吸引过来,由此可知当它们到来时,攻击者将会成为被攻击者,故A项正确。3.B推理判断题。由第四段内容可知,植物可以保护自己免受昆虫伤害。4.C推理判断题。最后一段提到,150多年前,达尔文就曾想到这个世界比我们所看到、听到的更加繁忙,更加吵闹,也更加亲密,我们的感官还不够强大,很多东西都未感知到。由此可推断出,这个世界实际上更加复杂,故C项正确。长难句长难句原句:Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.分析:本句为复合句,句中过去分词短语designedtoattractdifferentinsects作后置定语,修饰per-fumes,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词insects。译文:它们大量排出用来吸引对于攻击者来说是天敌的不同昆虫的香味。重点词汇重点词汇pumpv.用泵等输出;涌出compoundn.混合物;化合物intentionaladj.故意的;蓄意的词汇积累词汇积累leafyadj.多叶的;叶茂的volatileadj.易挥发的Passage3(2017课标全国,B)词数:274MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthethe-ater s75-yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.1.Inwhatwaywasyesterday scleanupatthePlazaspecial?A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.D.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.2.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?A.Itwasanall-timeclassic.B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C.Theaudiencerequestedit.D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.3.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?A.Itwillberepaired.B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C.Itwillbeknockeddown.D.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.4.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。经营了75年的一家影院在放映完最后一场电影后关门了,观众们眼含热泪依依不舍。老板为什么做出这个决定呢?1.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheatere-quipmentinpreparationforthebuilding send”可知,答案为B项。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebe-causeitseemedappropriate.”可知,答案为D项。3.C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexontheland”可知,买家打算在这里修建一栋综合购物大楼,由此推断出不久之后这家影院就要被拆毁了,所以答案为C项。4.B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudi-encewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding”可推断出,与这家老影院分离,观众非常伤心难过,所以答案为B项。长难句长难句原句:Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashop-pingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.分析:本句为复合句。逗号后是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词firm,在这个定语从句中还有一个由关系副词where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词land。译文:Bradford把这栋楼和这块地卖给了当地的一个开发公司,这家公司计划在这家剧院所处的这块土地上建一栋综合购物大楼。重点词汇重点词汇appropriateadj.合适的;恰当的inpreparationfor为做准备abandonvt.抛弃;遗弃financialadj.财政的besetin以为背景词汇积累词汇积累classicn.经典作品warehousen.仓库;货栈Passage4(2017北京,A)词数:344ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoft-ballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm.Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(发抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn tknoweachotherwellTaylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground.“Paris seyesrolledback,”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshak-ing.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygen,thebrainisdamagedquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.Taylor sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris sheartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpres-sureinascarysituation.”1.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.2.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。题材为人物故事类。介绍了TaylorBisbee用刚刚学到的心肺复苏(CPR)及时救助队友ParisWhite的过程。1.B细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.可知,Paris突发心脏病,故选B项。2.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二、三段的内容可知,对于心脏病突发的人来说,身边有人能立刻实施心肺复苏(CPR),这是幸运的,故选C项。3.B推理判断题。根据第五段中的Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.和第六段中的Taylor sswiftaction可知,Taylor在紧急时刻,表现得既勇敢又镇静,故选B。长难句长难句原句:Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevicethatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.分析:本句为复合句。关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为theschoolnurse;关系代词that引导定语从句。译文:另外两个队友跑去找来校医务室的护士,她带来了除颤器,一个能电击心脏使其恢复工作的电子器械。重点词汇重点词汇hesitatev.犹豫,踌躇defibrillatorn.(心脏)除颤器applyto向提出申请Unit3Passage1(2017江苏,A)词数:189CHRONOLOGICATheUnbelievableYearsthatDefinedHistoryDIDYOUKNOW. In105ADpaperwasinventedinChina? WhenColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld? TheBritishMuseumopenedin1759?CHRONOLOGICAisafascinatingjourneythroughtime,fromthefoundationofRometothecre-ationoftheinternet.Alongthewayaretalesofkingsandqueens,hotairballoons.andmonkeysinspace.Travelthrough100ofthemostunbelievableyearsinworldhistoryandlearnwhybeingaRomanEmperorwasn talwaysasgoodasitsounds,howtheHundredYears Wardidn tactuallylastfor100yearsandwhySpencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortunaterecord.CHRONOLOGICAisaninformativeandentertainingtourintohistory,beautifullyillustratedandfullofunbelievablefacts.WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistorysuchasThomasEdisonandAlexandertheGreat,thisbookalsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividualsincludingtheexplorerMungoParkandsculptorGutzonBorglum.Thiscompletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertaintoentertainreadersyoungandold,andguar-anteedtopresenteventhebiggesthistoryloverwithsomethingnew!1.WhatisCHRONOLOGICAaccordingtothetext?A.Abiography.B.Atravelguide.C.Ahistorybook.D.Asciencefiction.2.HowdoesthewriterrecommendCHRONOLOGICAtoreaders?A.Bygivingdetailsofitscollection.B.Byintroducingsomeofitscontents.C.Bytellingstoriesatthebeginning.D.Bycomparingitwithotherbooks.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。介绍了一本叫CHRONOLOGICA的历史书,这本书中有人类历史上的很多重要年份、重要事件、重要人物,还有一些不很出名的人物。1.C推理判断题。根据开头的“TheUnbelievableYearsthatDefinedHistory”并结合后文对这本书的描述,我们可以推断出这本书是一本历史书。2.B推理判断题。本文的大量篇幅被用于介绍书中的历史时间、历史事件和历史人物,由此可知作者通过介绍书的内容的方式来推荐这本书,所以答案为B项。重点词汇重点词汇definevt.解释;阐明;给下定义guaranteevt.确保;保证词汇积累词汇积累informativeadj.给予知识的illustratevt.(用插图、示例)说明;加插图于Passage2(2017江苏,C)词数:452Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust(反垄断)regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiants(巨头)thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookun-stoppable.Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime.Thegiants successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery.Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,inef-fect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnew-comerscanmakewaves,too.Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevalu-able,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies con-trolofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbe-comegreatagain.Arethinkisrequiredandasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomovefromtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms dataassets(资产)whenas-sessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bornthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtorevealtoconsumerswhatin-formationtheyholdandhowmuchmoneytheymakefromit.Governmentscouldordertheshar-ingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers consent.Restartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasy.Butifgovernmentsdon twantadataeconomycontrolledbyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.1.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?A.Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket.B.Theycollectenormousprivatedata.C.Theynolongerprovidefreeservices.D.Theydismissedsomenew-borngiants.2.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?A.Datagiants technologyisveryexpensive.B.Google sideaispopularamongdatafirms.C.Datacanstrengthengiants controllingposition.D.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts.3.Bypayingattentiontofirms dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould.A.killanewthreatB.avoidthesizetrapC.favourbiggerfirmsD.chargehigherprices4.Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants controlofdata?A.Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.B.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.C.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.D.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文,属于社科类文章。文章说明了人们在受益于大数据的同时,还成就了一些通过数据发财的商业巨头。为了防止这些巨头控制某一领域和市场,政府需要采取行动。1.A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“Suchsituation”可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场,故答案为A项。2.C细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知答案是C项。3.B细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句可知选B项。4.D推理判断题。根据第六段可知,大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会,故选D项。长难句长难句原句:Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust(反垄断)regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.分析:本句为复合句。句子主干为Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-grow-ingindustry,urging.为现在分词短语作结果状语,其中who引导的是定语从句,先行词是those。译文:一种新商品促成了一个利润丰厚、增长迅速的行业,这迫使反垄断监管人员介入此事,严查控制这一商品流动的人。重点词汇重点词汇bringabout导致,引起Passage3(2016课标全国,A)词数:293YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(18601935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmer-icanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(19071964)Ifitweren tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld slakesandoceans.SandraDayO Connor(1930present)WhenSandraDayO ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(19132005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.1.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork.B.Herteachingskills.C.Hereffortstowinaprize.D.Hercommunitybackground.2.WhatwasthereasonforO Connor sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO Connor.D.RosaParks.4.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了100年以来历史上四位在各个领域做出杰出贡献的伟大女性。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句和第二句可知JaneAddams帮助穷人,为和平而努力,做出了很大的贡献,因此判断选A项。B项“她的教学技能”。C项“她得奖的努力”。D项“她的社区背景”。这三项文中均未提及。2.C细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句可知:SandraDayO Connor1952年在斯坦福法学院毕业之后,因为是一位女士而不能在律师事务所找到工作,由此可判断当时社会对妇女的歧视,故选C项。A项,根据文中信息“她从法学院毕业”可知她不缺乏法律的培训。B项,她法庭经验的缺乏不是找不到工作的理由,原因是她是妇女。D项,贫穷的经济状况,文中未提及。discriminationn.歧视。3.D细节理解题。根据文章第五段第四句中的kickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement可判断RosaParks为民权运动做出了贡献,故选D项。其他三项均和民权运动无关。4.C推理判断题。根据全文中四名女士在不同领域做出的贡献可知,她们是自己领域中的先锋人物,故选C项。A项,文中只提及一人受到了高等教育。B项,显然几人均和创造性无关。D项,只有一人的贡献与和平有关。词汇提示词汇提示1.notedadj.著名的2.firmn.公司长难句长难句Ifitweren tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.如果不是RachelCarson的话,今天的环保运动就可能不会存在。本句为复合句,其主句为theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday,而Ifitweren tforRachelCarson为条件状语从句。注意本句使用了虚拟语气。Passage4(2016课标全国,D)词数:293AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley spictureswouldbeoutstandingundoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalismiftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海难),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegian-builtthree-masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall,tothesouthern-mostshoreofAntarctica sWeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled(雪橇)acrossthecontinent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedstoryTheEn-durance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scott slastjourney,complet-edashelayinatentdyingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowith-in100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpub-lished.1.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?A.Theyweremadelastweek.B.Theyshowedunderseasceneries.C.Theywerefoundbyacameraman.D.Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.2.WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?A.FrankHurley.B.ErnestShackleton.C.RobertFalconScott.D.CarolineAlexander.3.WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A.Artisticcreation.B.Scientificresearch.C.Moneymaking.D.Treasurehunting.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章通过FrankHurley的照片讲述了那次航行的背景。1.D推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句可知,FrankHurley的照片拍摄于1914年到1916年,大多数是在经历海难后,在没有生存的希望的情况下拍摄的,由此可判断它们记录了一次海难。2.C推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.以及下句可知,1912年RobertFalconScott到达了南极,而Endurance航行的目的是超越他,但是遭遇了海难,由此可判断RobertFalconScott到达南极的时间更早。词汇提示词汇提示1.intendv.计划,打算2.confidentadj.自信的,有自信心的长难句长难句Shackleton,aone-timeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.Shackleton是一个原先的英国商船队军官,在1908年到达过南极100英里内,并且他在1914年航行前开办了一个公司来从电影和剧照摄影中赚钱。本句为复合句。句中aone-timeBritishmerchant-navyofficer为同位语,同时作定语从句whohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908的先行词。Passage5(2016课标全国,C)词数:279IfyouareafruitgrowerorwouldliketobecomeonetakeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhatsaround.ItscalledAppleDaybutinpracticeitsmorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsuper-markets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn ttasteofanythingspecial,it sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards(果园).Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNa-tionalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.1.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?A.Attendexperts lectures.B.Visitfruit-lovingfamilies.C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard.D.Tastemanykindsofapples.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDecio?A.Itisanewvariety.B.Ithasastrangelook.C.Itisrarelyseennow.D.Ithasaspecialtaste.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean?A.Apracticalidea.B.Avainhope.C.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire.4.Whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.D.Topromoteappleresearch.答案答案语篇解读本文是说明文,介绍了苹果节的有关情况。在苹果节期间,你可以品尝到各种苹果。文中还提及了一些特殊的品种和苹果节的一些特色活动。1.D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.可知可以品尝到很多品种的苹果。故选D。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalap-plesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans可知选C。3.B词义猜测题。根据you llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit可知种此种苹果不易,故选B。4.B推理判断题。通读全文,可以知道作者的目的是介绍苹果节。词汇提示词汇提示1.takeadvantageof利用2.specificadj.特定的3.commercialadj.商业的长难句长难句IfyouareafruitgrowerorwouldliketobecomeonetakeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat saround.如果你是个水果种植者,或是想成为一个这样的人,利用苹果节来看看都有什么吧。此句是个主从复合句,if引导条件状语从句。Unit4Passage1(2016课标全国,D)词数:356Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbe-ingspreadandmonitored(监控)indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrack-ingpeople se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.“Theifitbleedsruleworksformassmedia,”saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.“Theywantyoureyeballsanddon tcarehowyou refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunicatione-mails,Webpostsandreviews,face-to-faceconversationsfoundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative(消极的),butthatdidn tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybe-causepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility,Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“moste-mailed”listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused(激发)onewayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook,“Contagious:WhyThingsCatchOn.”1.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?A.Newsreports.B.Researchpapers.C.Privatee-mails.D.Dailyconversations.2.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?A.They resociallyinactive.B.They regoodattellingstories.C.They reinconsiderateofothers.D.They recarefulwiththeirwords.3.Whichtendedtobethemoste-mailedaccordingtoDr.Berger sresearch?A.Sportsnews.B.Sciencearticles.C.Personalaccounts.D.Financialreviews.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWideB.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeopleC.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimesD.GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks答案答案语篇解读新闻媒体为了吸引人们的眼球,常常报道不好的消息或悲惨的事情,但是随着网络的发展情况有了变化。研究者通过追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打败了坏消息,人们更倾向于传播正能量的文章等。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.可知传统规则适用于新闻报道,故答案是A。2.C推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知大众媒体只关心是否吸引你的眼球,而不关心你的感受,但是当你和你的朋友分享故事的时候,你会非常关心你朋友的反应,不希望对方认为你是一个冷漠的、不体贴的人。C选项符合文意。3.B细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句话可知科学类的文章比非科学类的文章被写入邮件的可能性大得多,故B选项正确。4.D主旨大意题。根据文章的第一段可知,坏消息传播得更快。如果新闻里有流血事件,那么这条新闻会成为头版头条,引起人们的注意。但是现在情况发生了变化,研究者通过追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打败了坏消息,故D选项正确。词汇提示词汇提示1.classicadj.典型的;经典的2.reviewn.评论3.analyzev.分析4.negativeadj.负面的;消极的Passage2(2016北京,D)词数:443WhyCollegeIsNotHomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadoles-cence,duringwhichmanyoftoday sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialme-dia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultre-sponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothin-tellectually(在思维方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincol-leges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredbystrictdebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechal-lengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstan-othercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(规定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescents desireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenec-essarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.1.What stheauthor sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.2.Theunderlinedword“passage”inParagraph2means.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?A.Todevelopasharedidentityamongstudents.B.Todefineandregulatestudents socialbehavior.C.Toprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudents.D.Tofosterstudents intellectualandpersonaldevelopment.4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion答案答案语篇解读本文是议论文,题材为学校教育类。大学时期应该是学生成长的一个重要时期,学生应在这段时期学会独立和发现。但是现在的大学时期却成了青春期的延续,大学没有教给学生独立,也没有让学生学会发现。1.B观点态度题。根据第一段可知,作者不赞同大学生继续接受父母的指导。sympathetic同情的;disapproving不赞成的,不同意的;supportive支持的;neutral中立的。2.A词义猜测题。根据语境可知此处表达的是“大学时期是一个从家庭庇护到独立和承担成人责任的转化时期”,所以答案为A项。3.D推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知答案为D项。4.C推理判断题。文章第一段引入主题,第二段描述了大学时期是怎样变成青春期的延续的,第三段提出如何解决这一问题,第四段和第五段提出了解决这个问题的原因,最后进行总结。故选C项。词汇提示词汇提示1.identityn.身份,特征,一致2.promotev.促进;推广3.flexibilityn.灵活性4.asenseofbelonging归属感Passage3(2016江苏,C)词数:443ElNio,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNios,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNioin1997-98helpedAmerica seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNio,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNioscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstom-ach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNio sharmfuleffectsandthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNio,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNioinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.2.WhatmayElNiosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.3.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNiodeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst4.Whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNioanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNio.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNio.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNio.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象名称的由来、发生的时间、造成的影响,督促人们加强风险前资金的投入,改进基础设施,为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。1.D细节理解题。根据文章第一段的ElNioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了大海中水流方向的变化。故选D。2.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段的RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNios,onbal-ance,thantheylose.可知总的来说富裕国家收获的比失去的多,故C项正确。3.A推理判断题。根据文章第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance.可知在过去二十年里仅有12%的灾难救济资金用于提前降低风险,因此第四段旨在说明应该投入更多的资金来降低风险。4.D主旨大意题。综合全文内容并结合文章最后一段可知本文旨在督促人们为厄尔尼诺现象做好准备。词汇提示词汇提示1.extremelyadv.极其2.bringabout导致3.relievev.缓解Passage4(2015课标,B)词数:338ThefreezingNortheasthasn tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter,sowhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota,Florida,mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay“sun-shine”.IleftforthelandofwarmthandvitaminC(维生素C),thinkingofbeachesandorangetrees.Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair,Isentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.Swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours,not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend,butthebestpartparticularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsofcold-weatherrootvegetableswasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.Themarket,whichwasfoundedin1979,setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7a.m.to1p.m.,rainorshine,alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries;thered-paintedsidesoftheJavaDawgcoffeetruck;andmostofall,thetomatoes:amazing,large,softandroundredtomatoes.Disappointedbymanyabroken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,I verefusedtobuywintertomatoesforyears.Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore,onceIgetthemhomethey reunfailinglydry,hard,andtasteless.ButIhomedin,withuncertainty,ononeparticulartableattheBrownsGroveFarmsstand,fulloffreshandsofttomatoesthesizeofmyfist.Theseweretherealdealandatthatmoment,IrealizedthatthebestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoingtobeeatingthingsthatbackhomeinNewYorkIwouldn tbeexperiencingagainformonths.DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrown sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton,whereluckilyformeIwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.Withoutevenseeingthemenu,IknewI dbeorderingeverytomatoonit.1.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofherwinterlifeinNewYork?A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.2.Whatmadetheauthorsgettingupearlyworthwhile?A.Havingaswim.B.Breathinginfreshair.C.Walkinginthemorningsun.D.Visitingalocalfarmers market.3.WhatcanwelearnabouttomatoessoldinNewYorkinwinter?A.Theyaresoft.B.Theylooknice.C.Theytastegreat.D.Theyarejuicy.4.Whatwastheauthorgoingtodothatevening?A.Gotoafarm.B.Checkintoahotel.C.Eatinarestaurant.D.Buyfreshvegetables.答案答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,题材是个人经历。纽约寒冷的冬天很是无趣,所以当有机会去佛罗里达州的Sarasota过周末时,我马上就收拾好行李出发了。在那里的经历真是让人回味无穷,在那里还见到了与纽约不一样的西红柿。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段第一句ThefreezingNortheasthasn tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter.可以看出作者认为寒冷的东北地区是一个无趣的地方,故B项正确。2.D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句.wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers mar-ketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.可知,作者认为Sarasota农场之行使得早起非常值得。3.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore.可以看出纽约冬天出售的西红柿看起来很吸引人,故B项正确。4.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的.anewlyopenedrestaurant.whereluckilyformeIwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.可知作者打算在那天晚上去饭店美餐一顿。词汇提示词汇提示1.prayern.祈祷Theprettygirlbowedherheadandwhisperedaprayerofthanksgiving.这个漂亮的女孩低头轻声做感恩祈祷。2.unfailinglyadv.总是;一贯地;经久不衰地Thedoctorwasunfailinglypunctualforhisappointments.这位医生总是准时见病人。Theriversupplieswatertothecityunfailingly.这条河经久不衰地为这个城市供水。Passage5(2015课标,D)词数:344ConflictisonthemenutonightatthecafeLaChope.Thisevening,asoneveryThursdaynight,psy-chologistMaudLehanneisleadingtwoofFrance sfavoritepastimes,coffeedrinkingandthe“talkingcure”.Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.Itisn talwayseasy.ThecustomerssomethirtyParisianswhopayjustunder$2(plusdrinks)persessionarequicktointellectualize(高谈阔论),slowtoopenupandconnect.“Youareforbiddentosayonefeels,orpeoplethink,”Lehannetoldthem.“SayIthink,Thinkme.”Acafesocietywherenointellectualizingisallowed?Itcouldn tseemmoreun-French.ButLehanne spsychologycafeisaboutmorethanknowingoneself:It stryingtohelpthecity strou-bledneighborhoodcafes.Overtheyears,ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestylelongerworkinghours,afast-foodboomandayoungergeneration sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.Dozensofnewthemecafesappeartochangethesituation.Cafesfocusedaroundpsychology,history,andengineeringarecatchingon,fillingtableswellintotheevening.Thecity s“psychologycafes”,whichoffergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.Middle-agedhomemakers,retirees,andtheunemployedcometosuchcafestotalkaboutlove,anger,anddreamswithapsychologist.AndtheycometoLehanne sgroupjusttolearntosaywhattheyfeel.“There sastrongneedinParisforcommunication,”saysMauriceFrisch,acafeLaChoperegularwhoworksasareligiousinstructorinanearbychurch.“Peoplehavefewrealfriends.Andtheyneedtoopenup.”Lehannesaysshe dliketoseepsychologycafesalloverFrance.“Ifpeo-plehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldn texist,”shesays.“Iflifeweren tabattle,peoplewouldntneedaspecialplacejusttospeak.”Butthen,itwouldn tbeFrance.1.WhatarepeopleencouragedtodoatthecafeLaChope?A.Learnanewsubject.B.Keepintouchwithfriends.C.Showofftheirknowledge.D.Expresstheirtruefeelings.2.HowarecafesaffectedbyFrenchlifestylechanges?A.Theyarelessfrequentlyvisited.B.Theystayopenforlongerhours.C.Theyhavebiggernightcrowds.D.Theystarttoservefastfood.3.Whatarethemecafesexpectedtodo?A.Createmorejobs.B.Supplybetterdrinks.C.Savethecafebusiness.D.Servetheneighborhood.4.WhyarepsychologycafesbecomingpopularinParis?A.Theybringpeopletruefriendship.B.Theygivepeoplespiritualsupport.C.Theyhelppeoplerealizetheirdreams.D.Theyofferaplatformforbusinesslinks.答案答案语篇解读心理学家Lehanne开设了一家主题咖啡店,在这里顾客可以敞开心扉,自由表达自己的真实情感。她希望把自己的咖啡店推广到整个法国,因为法国人需要这样的“心理咖啡店”。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeel-ings.以及本段最后一句Lehanne所说的话中“SayIthink,Thinkme.”可以看出Lehanne鼓励来咖啡店的顾客表达自己的真实情感。故D项符合文章内容。2.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的Overtheyears,ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestylelongerworkinghours,afast-foodboomandayoungergeneration sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.可知,这些年以来,巴黎的咖啡店都成为法国人的生活方式发生改变的受害者,如法国人工作时间变长,非常喜欢快餐,年轻一代更渴望待在家里面(而不愿去咖啡店)。故A项符合文章内容。3.C推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句Dozensofnewthemecafesappeartochangethesit-uation.可知,许多新的主题咖啡店的出现是为了改变法国咖啡店的现状,故C项正确。4.B推理判断题。最后一段指出中年家庭主妇、退休人员、失业人员会到这样的“心理咖啡店”向心理学家畅谈自己的爱情、愤怒和梦想,“心理咖啡店”会给他们巨大的安慰,因而是最受欢迎的地方之一。故B项符合文章意思。词汇提示词汇提示1.pastimen.消遣,娱乐Playingchessishisfavouritepastime.下棋是他最喜爱的消遣。2.fallvictimto受到的损害;成为的牺牲品Ihatetoseeyoufallvictimtovanity.我不愿见到你成为虚荣心的受害者。A A组组2016201620182018年高考模拟年高考模拟基础题组基础题组Passage1(2018天津河东区一模,D)词数:376Thehealthofmillionscouldbeatriskbecausesuppliesofmedicinalplantsarebeingusedup.Theseplantsareusedtomaketraditionalmedicine,includingdrugstofightcancer.“Thelossofmedicinalplantsisaquietdisaster,”saysSaraOldfield,secretarygeneraloftheNGOBotanicGardensConservationInternational.Mostpeopleworldwiderelyonherbal(药草制的)medicineswhicharegotmostlyfromwildplants.Butsome15,000ofthe50,000medicinalspeciesareindangerofdyingout,accordingtoareportfromtheinternationalconservationgroupPlantlife.ShortageshavebeenreportedinChina,India,Kenya,Nepal,TanzaniaandUganda.Over-harvestingdoesthemostharm,thoughpollutionandcompetitionfrominvasivespecies(入侵物种)andhabitatdestructionallcontribute.“Businessmengenerallyharvestmedicinalplants,notcaringaboutsustainability(可持续性),”thePlantlifereportsays.“Damageisseriouspartlybecausetheyhavenoideaaboutit,butitismainlybecausesuchcollectionisunorganized.”三年模拟MedicinaltreesatriskincludetheHimalayanyew(紫杉木)andtheAfricancherry,whichareusedtotreatsomecancers.Thesolution,saysthereport sauthor,AlanHamilton,istoencouragelocalpeopletoprotecttheseplants.TenprojectsstudiedbyPlantlifeinIndia,Pakistan,China,Nepal,UgandaandKenyashowedthismethodcansucceed.InUganda,theprojecthaskeptasustainablesupplyoflow-costcancertreatments,andinChinaagovernment-runmedicinalplantprojecthasbeencreatedforthefirsttime.“Improvinghealth,earninganincomeandkeepingculturaltraditionsareimportantinencourag-ingpeopletoprotectmedicinalplants,”saysHamilton.“Youhavetopayattentiontowhatpeo-pleareinterestedin.”GhilleanPrance,theformerdirectoroftheRoyalBotanicGardensatKewinLondon,agreesthatmedicinalplantsareinneedofprotection.“Notnearlyenoughisbeingdone,”hetoldNewSci-entist.“Wearedestroyingtheveryplantsthatareofthemostusetous.”1.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,wecanlearnthat.A.millionsofpeoplearethreatenedwithcancerB.mostcountriesseeashortageofherbalmedicinesC.abouttwothirdsofmedicinalspecieswilldisappearD.alargenumberofmedicinalspeciesareindangerofextinction2.Themajorfactorthatcausesthedecreasingofsuppliesofmedicinalplantsis.A.pollutionB.habitatdestructionC.over-harvestingD.invasivespecies3.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3refersto.A.over-harvestingB.sustainabilityC.otherspecies invasionD.pollution4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Protectingmedicinalplantshasalongwaytogo.B.GhilleanPranceisoptimisticaboutmedicinalplants future.C.Localpeopledon tknowhowtoprotectmedicinalplants.D.Chinahasmadegreatprogressinprotectingmedicinalplants.5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Low-costCancerTreatmentsB.TheImportanceofSustainabilityC.MedicinalPlantsAreontheVergeofExtinctionD.SustainableDevelopmentoftheEnvironment答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文。介绍了大量药用植物濒临灭绝的现状、导致它们灭绝的原因及解决办法。1.D推理判断题。由首段中的becausesuppliesofmedicinalplantsarebeingusedup和第二段中的Butsome15,000ofthe50,000medicinalspeciesareindangerofdyingout可知,大量药用植物面临灭绝的危险。2.C细节理解题。由第三段开头Over-harvestingdoesthemostharm,thoughpollutionandcompetitionfrominvasivespecies(入侵物种)andhabitatdestructionallcontribute.可知,过度收割对药用植物伤害最大。3.B词义猜测题。结合上句可知,商人通常只顾收割药用植物,而不关心可持续发展,对可持续性一无所知。句中it指可持续性,故选B。4.A推理判断题。由尾段“Notnearlyenoughisbeingdone,”hetoldNewScientist.“Wearedestroyingtheveryplantsthatareofthemostusetous.”可知,我们在保护药用植物方面做得还远远不够,还在对它们造成破坏。这项工作任重而道远,故选A。5.C主旨大意题。文章介绍了大量药用植物濒临灭绝的现状、导致它们灭绝的原因及解决办法。C:“药用植物濒临灭绝”为最佳标题。词汇提示词汇提示1.disastern.灾难2.conservationn.保护3.unorganizedadj.组织不善的,计划不周的长难句长难句Thesolution,saysthereport sauthor,AlanHamilton,istoencouragelocalpeopletoprotecttheseplants.这篇报告的作者艾伦汉密尔顿说,解决办法是鼓励当地人保护这些植物。toencourage.为不定式短语作表语,toprotect.为不定式短语作宾补。Passage2(2017天津红桥区二模,C)词数:348Itwasthesummerof1965.DeLuca,then17,visitedPeterBuck,afamilyfriend.BuckaskedDeLucaabouthisplansforthefuture.“I mgoingtocollege,butIneedawaytopayforit,”DeLucarecallssaying.“Bucksaid,Youshouldopenasandwichshop. ”Thatafternoon,theyagreedtobepartners.Andtheysetagoal:toopen32storesintenyears.Afterdoingsomeresearch,Buckwroteacheckfor$1,000.DeLucarentedastorefront(店面)inCon-necticut,andwhentheycouldn tcovertheirstart-upcosts,Buckkickedinanother$1,000.Butbusinessdidn tgosmoothlyastheyexpected.DeLucasays,“Aftersixmonths,weweredo-ingpoorly,butwedidn tknowhowbadly,becausewedidn thaveanyfinancialcontrols.”AllheandBuckknewwasthattheirsaleswerelowerthantheircosts.DeLucawasmanagingthestoreandgoingtotheUniversityofBridgeportatthesametime.BuckwasworkingathisdayjobasanuclearphysicistinNewYork.They dmeetMondayeveningsandbrainstormideasforkeepingthebusinessrunning.“Weconvincedourselvestoopenasec-ondstore.Wefiguredwecouldtellthepublic,Wearesosuccessful,andweareopeningasec-ondstore. ”Andtheydidinthespringof1966.Still,itwasalotoflearningbytrialanderror.Butthepartners learn-as-you-goapproachturnedouttobetheirgreateststrength.EveryFriday,DeLucawoulddrivearoundandhand-deliverthecheckstopaytheirsuppliers.“Itprobablytookmetwoandahalfhoursanditwasn tnecessary,butasaresult,thesuppliersgottoknowmeverywell,andthepersonalrelationshipsestablishedreallyhelpedout,”DeLucasays.Andhavingagoalwasalsoimportant.“Therearesomanyproblemsthatcangetyoudown.Youjusthavetokeepworkingtowardyourgoal,”DeLucaadds.DeLucaendedupfoundingSubwaySandwich,themultimillion-dollarrestaurantchain.1.DeLucaopenedthefirstsandwichshopinorderto.A.supporthisfamilyB.payforhiscollegeeducationC.helphispartnerexpandbusinessD.dosomeresearch2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofBuck?A.Heputmoneyintothesandwichbusiness.B.Hewasaprofessorofbusinessadministration.C.HewasstudyingattheUniversityofBridgeport.D.HerentedastorefrontforDeLuca.3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheirfirstshop?A.Itstoodatanunfavorableplace. B.Itloweredthepricestopromotesales.C.Itmadenoprofitsduetopoormanagement.D.Itlackedcontroloverthequalityofsandwiches.4.Theydecidedtoopenasecondstorebecausethey.A.hadenoughmoneytodoitB.hadsucceededintheirbusinessC.wishedtomeettheincreasingdemandofcustomersD.wantedtomakepeoplebelievethattheyweresuccessful5.Whatcontributesmosttotheirsuccessaccordingtotheauthor?A.Learningbytrialanderror.B.Makingfriendswithsuppliers.C.Findingagoodpartner.D.Openingchainstores.答案答案语篇解读本文讲述了世界上著名快餐连锁机构“赛百味”的成功经验。1.B细节理解题。由首段中的I mgoingtocollege,butIneedawaytopayforit.可知DeLuca开三明治店的初衷是赚钱供自己上大学。2.A细节理解题。由第二段Buckwroteacheckfor$1,000.和Buckkickedinanother$1,000.可知,一直是Buck提供资金。3.C推理判断题。由第三段中对他们所开的第一家店的描述可知,由于缺乏经验,经营不善,营业额低于成本,故选C项。4.D细节理解题。由第四段中的Weconvincedourselvestoopenasecondstore.Wefiguredwecouldtellthepublic,Wearesosuccessful,andweareopeningasecondstore. 可知,他们开第二家店是想让人们觉得他们的经营很成功。故选D。5.A推理判断题。由第四段尾句和第五段首句可知,他们是摸着石头过河,从失败中不断总结经验教训。反复学习尝试是他们后来成功的经验。词汇提示词汇提示1.recallvt.记起,回想起2.kickin缴付,捐献,捐助3.turnout(tobe)结果是,证明是4.helpout帮助摆脱困境5.endup最终成为,最后处于长难句长难句DeLucarentedastorefrontinConnecticut,andwhentheycouldn tcovertheirstart-upcosts,Buckkickedinanother$1,000.DeLuca在康涅狄格州租了一个店面,当他们不能支付他们的创业成本时,Buck又出了1000美元。本句为并列复合句。后一分句中when引导时间状语从句。Passage3(2017天津南开区二模,C)词数:372Thetemperatureissharplyrisingwitheachpassingday.People,includingmanyexperts,finditdifficulttoslowdowntheprocess.However,leavingcoalandmajorfossilfuelsinthegroundcouldhelptolimitclimatechangeinthefuture,accordingtoanewstudy.Thatistosay,athirdofoilre-servesontheearth,halfofgasreservesandover80percentofcurrentcoalreservesshouldnotbeusedbeforetheyear2050.Ifwearetopreventglobaltemperaturesfromrisingabove2degreesCelsiusinthenearfuture,weoughttocarrysomemeasurestoseverelycontroltheemissionsfromfactories,vehiclesandevenourdaily-lifecooking.However,itisagoalthatseemstobeimpossi-bleinoureyes.“Policymakersindifferentcountriesmustrealizethattheirattempttocompletelyusethefossilfuelswithintheircountriesiswhollyincompatible(矛盾的)withtheirhopetoreachthe2-degreegoal,”Dr.ChristopheMcGladeatUniversityCollegeLondon sEnergyInstitutesaidinastate-ment.“Iftheygoaheadwithdevelopingtheirownresources,”headded,“theymustbeaskedwhichreserveselsewhereshouldremainunburnedinorderforthecarbonbudgetnottogobeyondthelimit.”It snotsurprisingtoseehowtappingintotheseunusedreserveswouldbeattractive.Energy-relat-edindustryisabigbusinessallovertheworld.TherearemanycoalreservesinChina,RussiaandtheUnitedStates,alongwithover260thousandmillionbarrelsofoilreservesintheMiddleEast.NottomentionthatoiliscurrentlybeingdevelopedintheArctic.Companiesspentover$670bil-lionlastyearintheexpansionoffossilfuels,butaccordingtothenewmodelusedinthislateststudy,developersmayneedtorethinktheirplanstodeveloptheseundergroundresourcessoastomakesomecontributionstocontroltheworldtemperaturefromrisinghighinthefuture.“We venowgotpracticalfiguresofthequantitiesandlocationsoffossilfuelsthatshouldremainunusedintryingtokeepwithinthe2-degreetemperaturelimit,”addedMcGlade.Worldleadersandpolicymakersshouldtaketheadvicetoheart,becausearecentIPCCreportwarnedthatifimmediateandgreatactionsarenottakensoon,climatechangewillcauseirreversible(不可逆转的)impactsonenvironmentsworldwide,leavingtheworldanunsafeplaceforustolivein.1.AccordingtoParagraph1,ourgoalisto.A.discovermorefossilfuelsforthefuturegenerationB.slowdowntheclimatechangeC.refusetousereservesontheearthD.keepthetemperaturerisebelow2degreesCelsius2.Theunderlinedword“emissions”inParagraph1refersto.A.thingsthataresentoutintotheairB.productsthataremadefromfossilfuelsC.factorsthatcausetheclimatechangeD.changesthathappenaftertemperaturerise3.AccordingtowhatMcGladesaidinParagraph2,allcountriesshould.A.makefulluseoftheirfossilfuelsB.worktogethertowardsthe2-degreegoalC.findbetterwaystodigoutthecoalD.increasetheglobalcarbonbudget4.WecaninferfromParagraph3thatgreateffortshavebeenmadein.A.diggingouttheoilintheMiddleEastB.gettingpeopletorethinktheirfuelplansC.developingfossilfuelsaroundtheworldD.developingenergy-relatedindustryworldwide5.Whatistheauthor sattitudetowardsthefutureoftemperaturecontrol?A.Confident.B.Negative.C.Satisfied.D.Unclear.答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文。主题为全球气候变化与化石燃料的关系。1.D细节理解题。由首段中的Ifwearetopreventglobaltemperaturesfromrisingabove2de-greesCelsiusinthenearfuture,weoughtto.及However,itisagoalthat.可知答案。2.A词义猜测题。由前后语境可推知,画线词指的是“排放到空气中的物质”,故选A。3.B推理判断题。通读第二段可推断出答案为B。4.C推理判断题。由第三段中的tappingintotheseunusedreserves、intheexpansionoffossilfuels及developersmayneedtorethinktheirplanstodeveloptheseundergroundresources可推断出答案。5.B推理判断题。由第一段首句和尾句及尾段尾句可推测出作者对未来大气温度的控制持消极的态度。词汇提示词汇提示1.severelyadv.严格地;严厉地2.goaheadwith(尤指经某人允许,或有人表示怀疑或反对后)开始做,着手干3.elsewhereadv.在别处4.expansionn.扩大;扩张5.makecontributionsto为做出贡献6.impactn.影响长难句长难句“Iftheygoaheadwithdevelopingtheirownresources,”headded,“theymustbeaskedwhichreserveselsewhereshouldremainunburnedinorderforthecarbonbudgetnottogobeyondthelimit.”他补充说:“如果他们继续开发自己的资源,必须有人问问他们其他地方储备的哪种燃料应该为了碳预算不超过限制而应该继续储备着。”if引导条件状语从句;mustbeasked为含情态动词的被动语态;which引导宾语从句。Passage4(2016天津河东区一模,D)词数:319There snodoubtthatourcharacterhasaprofoundeffectonourfuture.Whatwemustremember,however,isnotmerelyhowpowerfulcharacterisininfluencingourfate(命运),buthowpowerfulweareinshapingourowncharacterand,therefore,ourownfate.Charactermaydetermineourfate,butcharacterisnotdeterminedbyfate.It sacommonmistaketothinkofcharacterassomethingthatisfullyformedandfixedveryearlyinlife.Itcallstomindoldproverbslike“Aleopardcan tchangeitsspots”and“Youcan tteachanolddognewtricks”.Thisperspectivethatourcharacteris“etchedinstone”issupportedbyagreatdealofmodernpsychologyemphasizingself-acceptance.AsPopeyesays,“IamwhatIam.”Thehiddenmes-sageis:Don texpectmetobemore,better,ordifferent.Ultimately,theseviewsofhumanitytotallyundervaluethelifelongpotentialforgrowththatcomeswiththepowerofreflectionandchoice.Howdepressingitwouldbetobelievethatwecan tchoosetobebettermorehonest,morerespectful,moreresponsible,andmorecaring.Noneofusshouldgiveupthepersonalquesttoimproveourcharacter.Notbecausewe rebadwedon thavetobesicktogetbetterbutbecausewe renotasgoodaswecouldbe.Therearesomanythingsinlifewecan tcontrol,whetherwe rebeautifulorsmart,whetherwehadgoodparentsorbad,whetherwegrewupwithaffirmationornegation.It sinspiringtore-memberthatnothingbutmoralwillpowerisneededtomakeusbetter.No,itisn teasy.Butifwemakeagreatefforttobecomemoreawareofthehabitsofheartandmindthatdriveourbehavior,wecanbegintoplacenewemphasisonourhighervaluessothatwebecomewhatwewantourchildrentothinkweare.1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Weshapeourowncharacter.B.Characterdeterminesourfate.C.Characterisfullyformedandfixed.D.Wemustmeetourchildren sneeds.2.Theauthoragreesthat.A.aleopardcan tchangeitsspotsB.inlifewemustattachimportancetoself-acceptanceC.weshouldn texpectourselvestobedifferentD.characterisnotfullyformedandfixedveryearlyinlife3.Intheauthor sopinion,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Wecan tchoosetobebetter.B.Weshouldseektoimproveourcharacter,forwe rebadenough.C.Weshouldvalueourlifelongpotentialforgrowth.D.Weshouldmakechoicesconstantly.4.Whatdoweneedtoimproveourselvesaccordingtotheauthor?A.Oursmartness.B.Ourwillpower.C.Ourfate.D.Ourcharacter.5.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Itisnotdifficulttoimproveourselves.B.Wemusttryourbesttobeasgoodaspossible.C.Ourchildrenshouldcopyourbehavior.D.Weshouldcontrolasmanythingsaspossibleinlife.答案答案语篇解读性格决定命运,而性格通过努力是可以改变的。我们可以通过改变性格来改变命运。1.A主旨大意题。纵观全文,文章主要讲述了我们的性格是可以改变的,结合各个选项的意思,可知选A。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的It sacommonmistaketothinkofcharacterassomethingthatisfullyformedandfixedveryearlyinlife.可知D项的意思与之相符,故选D。3.C细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知,作者认为我们不应该低估我们在人生任何阶段都能变得更好的潜力,故本题应选C。4.B细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知,作者认为我们需要意志力来提高我们自己。故选B。5.B推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可推断选B项。词汇提示词汇提示1.There snodoubtthat.毫无疑问2.profoundadj.深远的3.perspectiven.观点,看法4.ultimatelyadv.最后,最终5.responsibleadj.有责任心的6.affirmationn.肯定7.negationn.否定长难句长难句It sacommonmistaketothinkofcharacterassomethingthatisfullyformedandfixedveryearlyinlife.认为性格是一种在人生中很早就形成且不会再变的东西是一种常见的错误。本句为复合句。It为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语tothink.;that引导定语从句,修饰something。B B组组2016201620182018年高考模拟年高考模拟综合题组综合题组Passage1(2018天津高三下学期第二次联考,D)词数:379Americanstudentsoftenhavetotakeoutloanstohelppayfortheireducation.SomestudentsareveryinterestedinthecostofundergraduateandgraduatestudyintheUnitedStates.Thefirstthingweshouldknowisthatthepricesaredifferentfromschooltoschool.Theprivatecollegesanduni-versitiesgenerallycostmorethanpublicones.Anotherthingtokeepinmindisthatnotallstu-dentspaythe“publishedprice”ofaschool.Financialaidandscholarshipsmayreducethecost.Theaveragepublishedpriceforundergraduatestudyatafour-yearpubliccollegewasaboutseventhousanddollars.Thatwasforstudentsfrom“instate”.Studentsfromotherstatesaswellasin-ternationalstudentspaidanaverageofmorethaneighteenthousanddollars.Thisisthebadnewsinternationalstudentsoftenhavetopaythehighestprices.Andtheseaverageswereonlyfortu-itionfees(学费).Food,housing,booksandsuppliescanaddtentotwelvethousanddollarsayear.TheCollegeBoardsaystheaveragetuitionataprivatecollegewasabouttwenty-sixthousanddol-lars.Manystudentssavemoneybystartingtheireducationatatwo-yearpubliccollege,alsoknownasacommunitycollege.Theaveragetuitionthisyearwasabouttwothousandfivehundreddollars.AfewAmericancollegesprovideafreeeducation,includingthemilitaryandMerchantMarinea-cademies.Theyacceptsomeforeignstudents.BereaCollegeisasmallChristianschoolinBerea,Kentucky,thatpaysallfirst-yearcostsforitsforeignstudents.Buttheyareexpectedtopayonethousanddollarsayearafterthat.Summerjobsareprovidedtohelpmeetthiscost.CostsforgraduatestudyintheUnitedStatesalsodifferfromschooltoschool,andevenfrompro-gramtoprogram.Heretoo,publicuniversitieschargemoreforout-of-statetuition.Forexample,attheUniversityofKentucky,out-of-stategraduatetuitionaveragedabouteighteenthousanddollarsthisyear.In-statewasaboutninethousand.1.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.howmuchanundergraduateorgraduateneedstopayforstudyingintheUnitedStatesB.howanundergraduateorgraduatecanchooseasuitableprogramorcollegeintheUSAC.howmuchaforeignundergraduateorgraduateneedstopayforstudyingintheUSAD.whysomanyundergraduatesandgraduatesarestudyingintheUSA2.Generallyspeaking,theannualcostofaforeigncollegestudentinapubliccollegeintheUSAis.A.3640thousanddollarsB.1719thousanddollarsC.26thousanddollars D.2830thousanddollars3.AforeignstudentwhochoosesBereaCollegeisableto.A.getmorecareeropportunitiesduringsummervacationsB.reducethecostofreceivingeducationintheUSAalotC.havethechancetogetalongwithworld-famousprofessorsD.earnagreatdealofmoneywhenatcollege4.WhatshouldanAmericangraduatedoinordertosavemoneyaccordingtothepassage?A.Heshouldchooseapublicuniversityinhisownstate.B.Heshouldchoosethosepublicuniversitiesthatarenotfamous.C.Heshouldavoidchanginghismajoratcollege.D.Heshouldtrytodosomepart-timejobs.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ThecollegetuitioninAmericaishigherthanthatinothercountries.B.Thehigherthetuitionis,thebetterthecollegeisintheUSA.C.NotalltheparentsintheUSAwillpaytheirchildren stuitionofcollege.D.SomeAmericanstudentshavetodropoutofcollegebecauseofthehightuition.答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文。介绍了美国本科教育和研究生教育的学费问题。1.A主旨大意题。由首段第一、二句Americanstudentsoftenhavetotakeoutloanstohelppayfortheireducation.Somestudentsareveryinterestedinthecostofundergraduateandgradu-atestudyintheUnitedStates.可知,本文说的是美国本科生和研究生的学费问题。2.D细节理解题。由第二段第三句Studentsfromotherstatesaswellasinternationalstudentspaidanaverageofmorethaneighteenthousanddollars.和第五、六句Andtheseaverageswereonlyfortuitionfees.Food,housing,booksandsuppliescanaddtentotwelvethousanddollarsayear.通过简单的计算可知,答案选D。3.B推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的关键词afreeeducation和BereaCollegeisasmallChris-tianschoolinBerea,Kentucky,thatpaysallfirst-yearcostsforitsforeignstudents.可推知,外国学生选择该校可以省钱,故选B。4.A推理判断题。由第一段倒数第三句及第二段的描述可知,为了省钱应选择本州内的公立大学。故选A。5.C推理判断题。由首段首句“美国学生不得不经常贷款”和第三段首句“很多学生通过上两年制的公立学院省钱”可推知选C。词汇提示词汇提示1.financialaidandscholarship助学金和奖学金2.differfrom.to.因的不同而不同长难句长难句Anotherthingtokeepinmindisthatnotallstudentspaythe“publishedprice”ofaschool.另外要记住的事情是,并非所有的学生付的学费都是某所学校“公布的价格”。本句为主从复合句。句子主干为主系表结构;tokeepinmind为不定式短语作定语修饰主语Anotherthing;that引导的是表语从句,从句中notall为部分否定。Passage2(2017天津十二所重点中学二模,D)词数:337Greatwhitesharks,theworld slargestpredatory(食肉的)fish,eatthreetofourtimesmorefoodthanpreviouslythought,anAustralianstudyshows.TheU.S.researchfromthe1980sestimatedamealof30kilogramscouldmakeaone-tonsharkcontinuelivingformorethansixweeks.Thatmadeassumptionsthatlargesharkscouldsurvivelongperiodswithouteating.However,aUniversityofTasmania-ledstudypublishedthisweekinScientificReportsfoundthat30kgwasonlyenoughfor1215days.Researcherstagged(给附上标签)adozengreatwhitesharksatNeptuneIslandsoffSouthAustraliaandcalculatedtheirmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratebasedonswimmingspeeds.Theyworkedouthowmuchenergythesharksburnedandhowmuchfoodtheyrequired.“Theirmetabolicrateisfasterthanweassumed.”JaysonSemmenswastheleadauthoronthestudy.Hesaid,“They(U.S.researchers)pickedasharkthatprobablywasn tworkingveryhardatthetimewhentheydidit.Atthetimeitwasanewstudy.Theydidsomemetabolicworksimilartowhatwedidbutononeshark.”“Thewhitesharks,whichwetagged,areworkingprettyhard.They recominguptosomeprettyhighspeedtocatchtheseals,”hesaid.“Theirmetabolicrateismuchfasterthanwhatwehadassumed.Theseanimalsareprobablygoingtobefeedingeveryday,ratherthanseveralweeks.”Theresearchalsosoughttoimproveunderstandingofhowsharksfitintotheoceanecosystem.“Wedon thaveagoodhandleonthepopulationsizesofwhitesharks.Weknowthatsharksingeneralareunderpressurearoundtheworldfromoverfishing,”Semmenssaid.“Furthermore,they relong-lived.Theyreproducelateintheirlifeandtheyproduceasmallnumberofbabies.”Semmenssaidtheeffectsofremovingwhitesharksfromtheoceanwerethusfarmoreimportantthanrealized.“They rekeepingundercontrolalotmoreanimalsthanwethought,”hesaid.1.TheU.S.researchmadepeoplebelievethat.A.largesharkscouldlivewithouteatingmeatB.sharksgainedseveralkilogramsinsixweeksC.aone-tonsharkneededtoeat30kgeverymealD.largesharkscouldlivewithouteatingforseveralweeks2.WhatisSemmens attitudetowardsU.S.researchers job?A.Uninterested.B.Surprised.C.Objective.D.Satisfied.3.Thesharks metabolicratecalculatedbythetworesearchgroupsisdifferentprobablybecause.A.theyuseddifferentresearchmethodsB.theystudiedsharksofdifferentsizesC.thesharkstheyusedforresearchwereofdifferentspeciesD.thesharkstheyusedforresearchswamatdifferentspeeds4.Whatdoyouknowaboutwhitesharks?A.Theyplayanimportantroleinoceanecosystem.B.Theycanproducealargenumberofbabies.C.Theyswimmoreslowlythanseals.D.Theyliveashortlife.5.Theauthor spurposeofwritingthetextismostlikelyto.A.informB.persuadeC.describeD.entertain答案答案语篇解读大白鲨是世界上最大的食肉鱼。本文介绍了一项关于大白鲨的最新研究。1.D细节理解题。由第三段Thatmadeassumptionsthatlargesharkscouldsurvivelongperiodswithouteating.可知答案为D。2.C推理判断题。由第七段中Semmens所说的话“They(U.S.researchers)pickedasharkthatprobablywasn tworkingveryhardatthetimewhentheydidit.Atthetimeitwasanewstudy.Theydidsomemetabolicworksimilartowhatwedidbutononeshark.”可推知他对美国研究者所做的工作的态度是客观的,故选C。3.D推理判断题。由第五段中的.calculatedtheirmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratebasedonswimmingspeeds及倒数第五段中的“pickedasharkthatprobablywasn tworkingveryhard”和倒数第四段中的“Thewhitesharks,whichwetagged,areworkingprettyhard.They recom-inguptosomeprettyhighspeedtocatchtheseals,”hesaid.可推知答案为D。4.A细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的they relong-lived及theyproduceasmallnumberofba-bies可排除B、D两项,由倒数第四段中的They recominguptosomeprettyhighspeedtocatchtheseals可排除C项。由最后三个自然段对大白鲨对海洋生态系统的影响的说明可知A项正确。5.A推理判断题。本文为说明文,介绍了一项关于大白鲨的最新研究。故答案为A。词汇提示词汇提示1.estimatevt.估计,估算2.assumptionn.假定,假设3.workout计算出,解决4.besimilarto与相似5.haveahandleon理解,搞明白Passage3(2017天津河北区二模,D)词数:372Blindimitation(模仿)isself-destruction.Tothosewhodonotrecognizetheiruniqueworth,imita-tionappearsattractive;tothosewhoknowtheirstrength,imitationisunacceptable.Intheearlystagesofskillorcharacterdevelopment,imitationishelpful.WhenIfirstlearnedtocook,Iusedrecipes(菜谱)andturnedoutsometastydishes.ButsoonIgrewbored.Whyfollowsomeoneelse swayofcookingwhenIcouldcreatemyown?Imitatingrolemodelsislikeusingtrainingwheelsonachild sbicycle;theyhelpyougetgoing,butonceyoufindyourownbalance,youflyfasterandfartherwithoutrelyingonthem.Indailylife,imitationcanhurtusifwesubconsciously(下意识地)holdpoorrolemodels.If,asachild,youobservedpeoplewhoseliveswerebad,youmayhaveacceptedtheirfearandpainasnormalandgoneontofollowwhattheydid.Ifyoudonotmakestrongchoicesforyourself,youwillgettheresultsoftheweakchoicesofothers.Inthefieldofentertainment,ourcultureglorifiescelebrities.Thosestarslookgreatonscreen.Butwhentheystepoffscreen,theirpersonallivesmaybedisastrous.Ifyouaregoingtofollowsome-one,focusontheirtalent,nottheirbadcharacterorunacceptablebehaviors.Blessedisthepersonwillingtoactontheirsuddendesiretocreatesomethingunique.Thinkofthemovies,books,teachers,andfriendsthathaveaffectedyoumostdeeply.Theytouchedyoubecausetheircreationsweremotivatedbyinspiration,notdesperation.Theworldischangednotbythosewhodowhathasbeendonebeforethem,butbythosewhodowhathasbeendoneinsidethem.Cre-ativepeoplehaveanendlessresourceofideas.Theproblemacreatorfacesisnotrunningoutofmaterial;itiswhattodowithallthematerialknockingatthedoorofimagination.Studyyourrolemodels,acceptthegiftstheyhavegiven,andleavebehindwhatdoesnotserveyou.Thenyoucansay,“Istandontheshouldersofmyancestors tragediesanddeclarevictory,andknowthattheyarecheeringmeon.”1.Imitationprovesusefulwhenyou.A.knowyouareuniqueB.losethebalanceoflifeC.begintolearnsomethingnewD.gettiredofroutinepractice2.Toavoidthebadresultofimitation,weshould.A.forgetdailyfearandpainB.choosetherightexampleC.askothersfordecisionsD.stayawayfromstars3.Accordingtotheauthor,theworldmovesonbecauseofthosewhoare.A.desperatetoinfluenceotherswiththeirknowledgeB.readytoturntheiroriginalideasintorealityC.eagertodiscoverwhattheirancestorsdidD.willingtoacceptothers ideas4.Thetroubleacreatorfacesis.A.thelackofstrongmotivationB.theabsenceofpracticalideasC.howtosearchformorematerialsD.howtouseimaginationcreatively5.Whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcreativity.B.Tocriticizethecharactersofrolemodels.C.Tocompareimitationwithcreation.D.Toexplainthemeaningofsuccess.答案答案语篇解读本文为议论文。作者告诉人们:盲目模仿是自我毁灭。幸运垂青那些乐于把自己的新奇想法付诸实践的人;世界的发展更是需要这些有创造力的人。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Intheearlystagesofskillorcharacterdevelopment,imita-tionishelpful.可知C项正确。2.B推理判断题。根据第三段第一句.imitationcanhurtusifwesubconsciously(下意识地)holdpoorrolemodels.及下文的例子可知:为了避免模仿造成的恶果,我们应该选择好榜样。所以B项正确。3.B细节理解题。根据第五段可知:世界之所以发展是因为有那些乐于将自己的新奇想法付诸实践的人,所以B项正确。4.D细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句.itiswhattodowithallthematerialknockingatthedoorofimagination.可知:一个创造者面对的困难是怎样创造性地利用想象力。所以D项正确。5.A主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者旨在突显创造力的重要性,所以A项正确。词汇提示词汇提示1.self-destructionn.自毁2.relyon依赖,依靠3.disastrousadj.灾难性的,极糟糕的,完全失败的4.focuson关注5.inspirationn.灵感6.desperationn.绝望长难句长难句Theworldischangednotbythosewhodowhathasbeendonebeforethem,butbythosewhodowhathasbeendoneinsidethem.世界的发展并非源于那些模仿前人的人(世界的发展并非源于那些做前人做过的事的人),而是源于那些做自己内心所想的事的人。本句为复合句。句中的两个who都引导定语从句,先行词都为those;两个what都引导宾语从句。Passage4(2016天津河东区二模,C)词数:405Weallknowthateatingjunkfoodcanmakeusfat.However,anewstudysuggeststhatitcandomorethanthatitcanalsomakeuslazy,reportedCBSNews.Inthestudy,researchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,theUSdivided32femaleratsintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupwasfedadietofhealthyfoodsuchascornandfish,whilethesecondwasgivenadietofhighlyprocessed(加工的)foodrichinsugar,namely“junkfood”.Withinthreemonths,theratsinthesecondgroupwerealreadymuchfatterthanthoseonthehealthydiet.Andwhenresearcherstrainedtheratstodosimpletasks,theyfoundevenmoredif-ferencesbetweenthetwogroupsratherthanweight.Duringthetaskpushingalever(杠杆)toreceivearewardofsugarwatertheratsonthejunkfooddietwerefoundtobelesswillingtomove,andtheytooklongerbreaksbetweeneachpushthantheleanratsdid.“ItisasiftheratisthinkingThisistoomuchwork,”AaronBlaisdell,leaderofthestudy,toldtheLosAngelesTimes.Butwhataboutthepossibilitythatthefatratswerelesspassionateaboutgettingsugarwaterbe-causetheywerealreadyeatinglotsofsugarintheirdailydiet?That swhyresearchersrepeatedthetestsbyrewardingfatratswithplainwaterwhentheywereextremelythirsty.However,there-sultscameoutjustthesame.Accordingtoresearchers,thesedifferencessuggestthatjunkfoodchangedthechemistryintherats brains.Theexperimentdidn tendthere.Aftersixmonths,therats dietswereswitched,andtheover-weightratsweregivenahealthydietforninedays.However,thischangedidn thelpreducetheirweightorimprovetheirabilitytoperformtasks,whichmeanstheeffectsoftheirjunkfooddietpersisted(持续存在).“There snoquickfix,”saidBlaisdell.Foralongtime,we vebelievedthatpeoplebecomefatbecausetheyarelazy.Butthisstudyhasproventheoppositetobetrueaswell,whichindicatesthatlazinessandobesityarea“viciouscy-cle(恶性循环)”.So,ifyouconstantlyfeeltired,lackinganyurgetogetupfromyourchair,itcouldbethatyou vebeenstudyingtoohard.Butyoushouldalsopayattentiontoyourdiet.1.DuringthefirstthreemonthsoftheexperimentbyresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,.A.ratsfromthehealthydietgroupatenothingbutcornandfishB.ratsonthejunkfooddietatemorethanthoseonhealthydietC.ratsonthehealthyfooddietperformedbetteratsimpletasksthanthoseonthejunkfooddietD.ratsonthejunkfooddietseemeduninterestedinsugaryfood2.Theresearchersrewardedthirstyfatratswithplainwaterinthelevertestto.A.helpthemcontroltheirweightB.testwhetherfatratslostinterestinthetestbecausetheyhadtakenenoughsugarC.changethediethabitsoffatratsD.findouttheinfluenceofsugaronrats brains3.Theunderlinedword“there”refersto.A.aftertheratsonthejunkfooddiethadworkedhardtogetsugarwaterB.afterthetypeoffoodratspreferhadbeenidentifiedC.afteraquickcureforobesityhadbeenfoundD.afterthefactthatfatratsarelazierthanleanratshadbeenfound4.Wecanconcludefromthearticlethat.A.fatpeopleareusuallylazierthanleanpeopleB.peopleshouldswitchbetweendifferenttypesofdietstokeephealthyC.beingoverweightandbeinglazycanfeedintoeachotherD.lazinessisthemaincauseofweightproblems5.WhichofthefollowingisNotRightaccordingtothepassage?A.Eatingjunkfoodcanmakeusfat.B.Researchersgotdifferentresultsafterrepeatedtheteststofatrats.C.Foralongtime,we vebelievedthatpeoplebecomefatbecausetheyarelazy.D.Ifyouconstantlyfeeltiredandhavenotstudiedtoohard,youneedtopayattentiontoyourdiet.答案答案语篇解读一项研究表明垃圾食品不仅仅使人发胖,还使人变得懒惰。肥胖和懒惰互为因果,并且可以形成恶性循环。1.C细节理解题。由第四段可知答案。2.B推理判断题。由第六段中That swhy.前后的内容可推知B项正确。3.D词义猜测题。由画线词所在句句意“实验没有到此结束”并结合第四、五、六段的内容,可知选D。4.C推理判断题。由倒数第二段尾句.whichindicatesthatlazinessandobesityarea“viciouscycle”可推知肥胖和懒惰互为因果。5.B细节理解题。由第六段尾句However,theresultscameoutjustthesame.可知B项错误。词汇提示词汇提示1.namelyadv.即,也就是2.passionateadj.狂热的3.performv.执行4.oppositen.对立的人或物5.indicatevt.表明6.constantlyadv.始终,总是