L14AnoblegangsterHanJiajiagangstern.歹徒,强盗eg.abandofgangsters一伙强盗robbern.抢劫犯,抢劫者thiefn.盗贼hooligann.流氓，无赖handn.帮,团伙eg.abandofrobbers一伙强盗gangn.一伙eg.agangofthievemobn.一群（表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派）eg.amobofhooligans一伙流氓sprotectionn.保护eg.protectionmoney保护费protectvt.保护protectfromeg.Wemustprotectoureyesfromthesunshine.protectorn.保护者protegen.被保护者protectiveadj.保护的promptlyadv.准时地eg.Igivehimaringandhecallmebackprompty.Hewassosleepythathewenttosleeppromptly.ontime准时intime及时punctualadj.守时的punctuallyadv.守时地destroyv.毁掉;消灭destroyn.强调毁灭,消灭,完全的摧毁eg.Theearthquakedestroyedthecity.Youdestroyedhisdream.damagen./v.受损程度不很严重,可以被修复eg.Thebigclockwasdamaged.breakv./n.强调弄坏,弄断eg.Twoofthestringswerebroken.spoilv.强调把事情搅和了eg.spoiltheparty/spoiltheholidayremarkableadj.不寻常的（同意词：unusual,uncommon,extraordinary）eg.aremarkableevent,anextraordinaryevent不同寻常的事件outstandingadj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的eg.Ourheadmasterisanoutstandingyouth.distinguishedadj.杰出的,卓越的,不同非凡的eminentadj.显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的Florencen.佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)又名翡冷翠（徐志摩首译），百花之城欧洲文艺运动的发祥地hirev.租出,雇给hireout出租eg.Doesthisfirmhireoutcars?rentv.租,租借,出租n.租金rentout租给,雇给（主要强调出租房屋）eg.Herentouthishousetoatourist.hirefrom,rentfrom租进来eg.Hehiredacarfromus.IrentaroomfromMrs.Johnson.dedicatev.奉献,题献给（dedicateto）dedicatesthtosbeg.Hededicatedhisfirstbooktohismother.dedicate献身,奉献（比devote更为正式而庄重）dedicatetostheg.Idevotemytimetohelpingmystudents.Hededicatedhislifetohismotherland.Hededicatedhislifetoscience.memoryn.纪念;记忆,记忆力inmemoryof=tothememoryof为了纪念insbshonor=inhonorofsb为纪念某人,eg.Weheldapartyinhishonor.=weheldapartyinhonorofhim.eg.Youhaveagoodmemory.Ifmymemoryservesmewell,youreTom.如果我没有记错的话。valiantadj.英勇的（强调非常勇敢）eg.Duringthewar,soldierswerevaliant.braveadj.勇敢的eg.Theboyisbrave.fearlessadj.大无畏的,无所畏惧的eg.Wearefearlessintimeofdanger.courageousadj.有胆量的,有勇气的TherewasatimewhentheownersofshopsandbusinessesinChicagohadtopaylargesumsofmoneytogangstersinreturnforprotection.paylargesumsofmoneytosbinreturnfor目的是为了换取,作为对的回报eg.Hegavemesomebooksinreturnformyhelp.when引导状语从句修饰timeeg.Therewasatimewhenminiskirtwasinfashion.Ifthemoneywasnotpaidpromptly,thegangsterswouldquicklyputamanoutofbusinessbydestroyinghisshop.promptly=immediatelyputsb/sthoutof.使某人失去eg.Youareputtingmeoutofpatience.Youhavealreadyputeverythingoutoforder.Putitoutofyourmind.忘记这件事情吧。Youareputtingmeoutofpatiencebydisturbingme.Obtainingprotectionmoneyisnotamoderncrime.obtaining=gettingAslongagoasthefourteenthcentury,anEnglishman,SirJohnHawkwood,madetheremarkablediscoverythatpeoplewouldratherpaylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlifeworkdestroyedbygangsters.aslongagoas追溯回到（=datingbackto=datingfrom）eg.IknewJaneaslongagoastheyear1980.wouldratherdo.thando.宁愿而不eg.Hewouldratherdiethansurrender.Iwouldratherplaytennisthanswim.wouldprefertodo.thando.wouldpreferdoing.todoing.-Hewouldprefertodiethansurrender.-Hewouldpreferdyingtosurrendering.Sixhundredyearsago,SirJohanHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithabandofsoldiersandsettlednearFlorence.settlev.settlerCn.settlementUn.HesoonmadeanameforhimselfandcametobeknowntotheItaliansasGiovanniAcuto.madeanameforhimself=becomefamouseg.Theysoonmadequiteanameforthemselvesaspopsingers.cometo=getto渐渐的cometobeknown渐渐被人所熟知-Icometobeknowntomystudents.-Igottoknowhim.WhenevertheItaliancitystateswereatwarwitheachother,Hawkwoodusedtohirehissoldierstoprinceswhowerewillingtopaythehighpricehedemanded.atwar交战/atwarwith于交战Intimesofpeace,whenbusinesswasbad,Hawkwoodandhismenwouldmarchintoacitystateand,afterburningdownafewfarms,wouldoffertogoawayifprotectionmoneywaspaidtothem.intimeofpeace在和平期间marchinto大踏步行军burndown烧毁/burnup烧光/burnout烧空-Thehousewasburnedoutonlywallsleft.房子被了只剩下墙壁。wouldoffertogoaway=wouldpromisetogoawayHawkwoodmadelargesumsofmoneyinthisway.Inspiteofthis,theItaliansregardedhimasasortofhero.inspiteofthis=despitethis尽管如此regard-as=consider-tobeWhenhediedattheageofeighty,theFlorentinesgavehimastatefuneralandhadapicturedwhichwasdedicatedtothememoryofthemostvaliantsoldierandmostnotableleader,SignorGiovanniHaukodue.givesbastatefuneral给某人举行国葬bededicatedtothememoryofsb