Research and TourismTypes of ResearchBasic and appliedCross-sectional and longitudinal横向和纵向的Qualitative 定性的 and quantitative 定量的Primary and secondary原始或第一手调研，第二手调研Fundy Food Festival 2008Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Research Cross-sectional research takes a snapshot of a situation or problem over a few days or even a few minutes. How people behave when forced to queue at an airport ticket counter and how to prevent such queues is an example. Longitudinal research on the other hand looks at a phenomenon over time. An example would be to test a visitors knowledge of an educational exhibit in a national park just after visiting then again several months later to see if and/or what they remember. This helps the interpreters to gain a better appreciation of the effect of the exhibit and how to build better ones in the future. Primary Research MethodsSurveysFocus groupsDelphi techniqueObservationContent AnalysisInterview Survey, St. Stephen NB, CanadaSecondary ResearchAcademic JournalsAcademic BooksStatistical compilationsTrade publicationsNewspapers and magazinesThe InternetMaps and remote sensing imageryGoals and ObjectivesGoals are statements of what the problems is or the hypothesis.Objective statements are how you are going to solve the problem identified in the goal (no more than 5 objectives for any one goal).Objectives Should Be SMARTSpecificMeasurableAchievableRelevantTime bound http:/www.sfeuprojects.org.uk/selfeval/studentsupport/library/pics/smart.jpgResearch StylesQuantitative Style 定量分析法Qualitative Style 定性分析法Measures FactsSocial reality, cultural meaningFocus on variablesFocus on processes and eventsValue freeValues are presentIndependent of contextSituationally constrainedMany cases or subjectsFew cases or subjectsStatistical analysisThematic analysisDetached objective researcher Researcher involvedAfter Neuman 1997 p. 14Problem RecognitionThe Research ProcessHow many people use Squirrel Trail in Irving Nature Park? We dont know.QuestionFormulationThe Research ProcessDescriptionExplanationPredictionPrescriptionID Data Requirements, goals and objectivesThe Research ProcessChoosing the research method(s)The Research ProcessGathering data that will answer the question(s) askedData CollectionData CollectionData AnalysisSquirrel Trail Counter, Sept. 2006The Research ProcessExamining and assessing what has been collectedSquirrel Trail Counter, Sept. 2006Data AnalysisSquirrel Trail Counter, Sept. 2006Squirrel Trail Counter, Sept. 2006Data AnalysisDataPresentationThe Research ProcessCommunication of ResultsThe Research ProcessExtraction of meaning from the resultsDataInterpretationData InterpretationSquirrel Trail Data, Irving Nature Park, 2006Problem RecognitionQuestionFormulationID Data RequirementsData CollectionData AnalysisDataPresentationDataInterpretationThe Research Process