Present Perfect Tense1 现在完成时的基本用法基本用法： 1）现在完成时表示一件已发生的事，这事往往与现在的情况有联系： Ive lost my key. 我的钥匙丢了。（因此无法进屋） Shes gone to town. 她进城去了。（现在在城里） Ive got a letter from my aunt. 我收到姨母的一封信。（因 此知道她的近况） The lift has broken down. 电梯坏了.（因此我们得爬楼梯） Peter has had a bad car crash. 彼得除了严重车祸。（可能送医院了） Ive washed my car. 我洗过车了。（因此很干净） He hasnt come back yet. 他还没回来。（我们还在等他） - Have you had your supper yet? (你吃饭了吗？) - Yes, I have. 吃过了（不饿了） 2）常与常与just, already, yet, still, recently, lately (最近最近), over 这类副词连用：这类副词连用： Hes just left. 他刚走。- Has he phoned you yet? (他给你打电话了吗？) - No, not yet. (还没有)Jane has rung me up three times this morning already. 简今天早上已给我打过三次电话。 Have you ever talked to him about it? 你曾和他谈过这事吗？ Have you seen Lewes recently? 你最近见到过路易斯 吗？ He still hasnt finished his work. 他的工作还没干完。There have been some changes lately. 近来有些变化。3）也可和表示也可和表示从过去某时到现在这段时间从过去某时到现在这段时间的状语连用：的状语连用： I havent seen him today. 今天我没见过他。How many letters have you received this week? 这星期你收到多少封信？ They have turned out over 1,000 cars this month. 这个月他们生产了一千多辆汽车。He has made several trips to Paris this year. 今年他去过几趟巴黎。So far he has done very well at school. 到现在为止他在学校表现很好。Up to / till now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止，这工作还算容易。Ive seen little of her in the past ( last) few years. 过去几年中我很少见到她。 注意注意： in the last/past + time 用于现在完成时用于现在完成时4）还常和还常和for及及since 引导的状语或与引导的状语或与how long 连用：连用： I havent seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。He hasnt cleaned his room for months. 他有好几个月没打扫这房间了。Weve lived here for over ten years. 我们在这里住了十多年了。He has worn glasses since his childhood. 他从小就戴眼镜。Has he written since he left home? 他离家之后来过信吗？ How long have you known her? 你认识她多久了？ 5）也常常单独使用不需任何状语：也常常单独使用不需任何状语： She has found a new job. 她找到了一份新工作。Weve sent some people to help them. 我们已派了几个人去帮助他们。Im sorry. Ive broken your cup. 对不起，我把你的杯子打破了。Who has taken my dictionary away? 谁把我的字典拿走了？ 6）这个时态还可表示这个时态还可表示持续持续到现在的状态，要使用到现在的状态，要使用持续性动词持续性动词： How long has he been ill? 他病了多久了？ The strike has continued for several weeks. 罢工已持续了几个星期。He has lived here all his life. 他一辈子都住在这里。Weve been good friends since we were children. 我们从小就要好。2 现在完成时现在完成时与与一般过去时的一般过去时的比较比较 1）两个时态都谈已发生的事，两个时态都谈已发生的事，差别在于差别在于现在完成时表示的现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系，或是对现在有影响，或谈从过去到现动作与现在有关系，或是对现在有影响，或谈从过去到现在这一段时间里发生的事；一般过去时单纯谈过去的事，在这一段时间里发生的事；一般过去时单纯谈过去的事，与现在没有关系。与现在没有关系。注意：注意：1）when，what time常用于一般过去时，问具体常用于一般过去时，问具体的过去时间，不能用在现在完成时：的过去时间，不能用在现在完成时：2）有些动作（显然是过去的动作），尽管没有时间）有些动作（显然是过去的动作），尽管没有时间状语，仍用过去时：状语，仍用过去时： Extra: Who washed the car? Who has washed the car? I read the story before. I have read the story.注意：注意：1）when，what time常用于一般过去时，问具体的过去时间，不能用在现在完成时：- When did you get back? - I got back last week. - How long have you been back? - Ive been back for a week. 2）有些动作(显然是过去的动作)，尽管没有时间状语，仍用过去时： Did you know that she was going to get married? 你知道她要结婚了吗？ I didnt know you were in London too. 我不知道你也在伦敦。Why did you buy this? 你为什么买这个？ Did you see anything interesting at the exhibition? 在展览会上你看到什么有趣的东西吗？ How did you like the show? 你觉得演出如何？ 3 有关现在完成时需有关现在完成时需注意的几个问题注意的几个问题1）have gone to 表示表示“到某地去了，人不在这里到某地去了，人不在这里” have been to 表示表示“到（来）过某地到（来）过某地” 2）由由since引导的从句一般用过去时（主句用现在完成时）引导的从句一般用过去时（主句用现在完成时） 3）现在完成时特殊句型现在完成时特殊句型： It is / It has been + time + since 过去时过去时. 表示表示“某人做某事有多少时间某人做某事有多少时间”4）和最高级、和最高级、time(次数次数)一道用的情况：一道用的情况： This is the best tea I have ever drunk. 这是我喝过的最好的茶。 This (It) is the first time I have seen a panda. 这是我首次看到大熊猫。5）对对“瞬间瞬间动词动词”和和“持续持续性动词性动词”的考虑：的考虑： die, buy, borrow, leave, arrive, begin/start, join, get married, fall ill, catch a cold 等。 (1)die have been dead The old man died two years ago. The old man has been dead for two years / since two years ago. (2)buy have had I bought the house ten years ago. I have had the house for ten years / since ten years ago. (3)borrow have kept I borrowed the book two weeks ago. I have kept the book for two weeks / since two weeks ago. (4)leave have been away I left the house an hour ago. I have been away from home for an hour / since an hour ago. (5)arrive have been I arrived 5 minutes ago. I have been here for 5 minutes / since 5 minutes ago. (6)begin / start have been on The movie began ten minutes ago. The movie has been on for ten minutes / since ten minutes ago. (7)join have been in My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother has been in the army for two years / since two years ago. (8)get married /marry have been married My parents got married thirty years ago. My parents have been married for thirty years / since thirty years ago. (9)fall ill have been ill I fell ill yesterday. I have been ill for a day / since yesterday. (10) catch a cold have had a coldI caught a cold yesterday. I have had a cold for a day / since yesterday.