在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫这种现象叫这种现象叫这种现象叫省略省略省略省略。如：。如：。如：。如： Begyoupardon.Begyoupardon. Soundslikeagoodidea.Soundslikeagoodidea. （ I I ）Begyoupardon.Begyoupardon. (It)(It) Soundslikeagoodidea.Soundslikeagoodidea.定义定义一一 简单句中的省略简单句中的省略1 1、 省略主语省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略祈使句中主语通常省略 Doesntmatter. ( It)doesntmatter. ( It)Soundslikeagoodidea.2 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：如： （省略主语和谓语）（省略主语和谓语）（省略主语和谓语）（省略主语和谓语） What/How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea? Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?3 3、省略表语。、省略表语。 Areyouthirsty?Areyouthirsty? Yes,Iam.Yes,Iam.Hisbrotherisntlazy,norishissister.(thirsty).(thirsty).(lazy).(lazy).4 4、同时省略几个成分、同时省略几个成分 LetLet smeetatthesameplaceassmeetatthesameplaceasyesterday.yesterday.(wemet)(wemet)同时省略主、谓语同时省略主、谓语同时省略主、谓语同时省略主、谓语 Haveyoufinishedyourwork?Haveyoufinishedyourwork? Notyet.Notyet.IhaveIhavenotnotfinishedmyhomeworkfinishedmyhomeworkyetyet. .IhaveIhavenotnotfinishedmyhomeworkfinishedmyhomeworkyetyet. .IhaveIhavenotnotfinishedmyhomeworkfinishedmyhomeworkyetyet. .Mybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-lawMybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-law(is)alawyer.(is)alawyer. （省略相同的谓语动词）（省略相同的谓语动词）（省略相同的谓语动词）（省略相同的谓语动词）1 1、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分前一分句中相同的部分。Whensummercomes,thedayisgettingWhensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)longerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.shorterandshorter.(isgetting)(isgetting)(is(is) )省略相同的谓语动词省略相同的谓语动词省略相同的谓语动词省略相同的谓语动词二二并列句中的省略并列句中的省略1 1、主句中有一些成分被省略，、主句中有一些成分被省略，如：如： Sorrytohearyouareill.Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(Im)(Itsa)三三复合句中的省略复合句中的省略 AreyouleavingforBeijingthisAreyouleavingforBeijingthisSunday?Sunday?Ithinkso.Ithinkso.sosoI I mleavingforBeijingthismleavingforBeijingthisSunday.Sunday. Tommustbefreetoday.Tommustbefreetoday.Ifso,hecanhelpus.Ifso,hecanhelpus.sosoheisfree.heisfree.主句中有一些成分被省略、而用主句中有一些成分被省略、而用soso或或notnot来代替来代替 Itisgoingtorain,isnItisgoingtorain,isn tit?tit?Ihopenot.Ihopenot.notnotitisnotgoingtorain.itisnotgoingtorain.这种用法常见的有：这种用法常见的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及及Isuppose/believe/hopenot.Whynot?等等。等等。Weallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundtheWeallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundthesun.sun.(that)(that)2.2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中常省略连词宾语从句中常省略连词thatthat，但当有两个并，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个列的宾语从句时，第二个thatthat则不能省略。则不能省略。 Marysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandMarysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandthatthatsheis16yearsold.sheis16yearsold.(that)(that)3.3.定语从句中的省略定语从句中的省略在定语从句中，在定语从句中，that, which, whothat, which, who在从句中在从句中作宾语时可省略。作宾语时可省略。IhavenIhaven treadthebook(that/which)youtreadthebook(that/which)you rerereading.reading.(that/which)(that/which)Theman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedTheman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedtoisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith.toisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith.(that/who)(that/who)4.4.状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略在以在以when, while, oncewhen, while, once引导的时间状语从引导的时间状语从句及以句及以if, unlessif, unless引导的条件状语从句中引导的条件状语从句中和和though, althoughthough, although引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句中中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有同一对象，且从句中含有bebe动词时，从句动词时，从句中可省去中可省去“主语主语+be+be”部分。部分。 Whenaskedwhathehaddone,JohnWhenaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.justkeptsilent. Whenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,JohnWhenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.justkeptsilent.heheIfIfheheisfree,Jackwillgowithus.isfree,Jackwillgowithus.hewashewas Iffree,Jackwillgowithus.Iffree,Jackwillgowithus.heisheis Unlessinvited,hewonUnlessinvited,hewon tcome.tcome. Unlessheisinvited,hewonUnlessheisinvited,hewon tcome.tcome.heheWhileheisdoinghousework,myWhileheisdoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.fatheroftenlistenstomusic.heisheis Whiledoinghousework,myWhiledoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.fatheroftenlistenstomusic.heisheishehe动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留部分，只保留部分，只保留部分，只保留toto，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有bebe，have,havebeenhave,havebeen时，要保留这些词。时，要保留这些词。时，要保留这些词。时，要保留这些词。 Areyougoingthere?Areyougoingthere? Yes,IYes,I dlikedliketo.to.Hedidntgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto. Areyouanengineer?Areyouanengineer? No,butIwantNo,butIwanttoto. . HehasnHehasn tfinishedthetaskyet.tfinishedthetaskyet. Well,heoughtWell,heought toto. .(gothere).(gothere).(givemethechance).(givemethechance).bebehavehave四四不定式中的省略不定式中的省略Attention!使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去式一定要省去to,to,但在被动语态中须将但在被动语态中须将toto复原。复原。InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenInoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.Ipassedby.Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.toto X X X X 这类使役动词这类使役动词这类使役动词这类使役动词及感官动词主及感官动词主及感官动词主及感官动词主要有要有要有要有一一一一“ “感感感感” ”: :二二二二“ “听听听听” ”: :三三三三“ “让让让让” ”: :四四四四“ “看看看看” ”: :feelfeelhearhearlistentolistentohavehavemakemakeletletwatchwatchnoticenotice observeobserveseesee在以在以if if引导的非真实条件句中若含有引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, were, had, shouldshould时，常可以省略时，常可以省略if if而将而将were, had, shouldwere, had, should置于句首。置于句首。WereIyou,IWereIyou,I dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.WereWereHadIalotofmoney,IHadIalotofmoney,I daidthepoordaidthepoorchildren.children.HadHadShouldtherebebird-flu,whatwouldwedo?Shouldtherebebird-flu,whatwouldwedo?ShouldShould虚拟条件句中的省略虚拟条件句中的省略IfIwereIfIwereyou,Iyou,I dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadalotofmoney,IIfIhadalotofmoney,I daidthepoorchildren.daidthepoorchildren.Hesuggestweshouldsetoutrightaway.Hesuggestweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)(should)在含有表示在含有表示在含有表示在含有表示“ “命令、要求、建议、许可命令、要求、建议、许可命令、要求、建议、许可命令、要求、建议、许可” ”或或或或“ “禁止禁止禁止禁止” ”等意义的名词性从句中使用等意义的名词性从句中使用等意义的名词性从句中使用等意义的名词性从句中使用“ “should + should + should + should + 动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形” ”表示虚拟语气的，表示虚拟语气的，表示虚拟语气的，表示虚拟语气的，shouldshouldshouldshould常可以省略。如：常可以省略。如：常可以省略。如：常可以省略。如：HissuggestionisthatweshouldsetoutHissuggestionisthatweshouldsetoutrightaway.rightaway.(should)(should)TheorderthatweshouldstaywhereweTheorderthatweshouldstaywhereweareisveryseriousandsevere.areisveryseriousandsevere.(should)(should)ItIt sveryimportantthatstudentsshouldsveryimportantthatstudentsshouldstudyhardatschool.studyhardatschool.(should)(should)Exercises about Ellipsis.Exercises about Ellipsis.Rewritethesesentencesbytakingouttheunnecessaryparts.1.The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.(_) 2. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman. 3. She has a daughter who is in hospital. 4. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor .(_)(_)(_)5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didnt she pass?or not.6. She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital .7. When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blood doesnt run down your throat.8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students havent done a first aid course .not down your throat.These sentences are correct. However, one or more words have been left out. Can you tell your partner which words are missing ?1)Thecottagesurroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.Thecottage(whichis)surroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.2)ThefirstbookIreadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond.Thefirstbook(that) Ireadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond(bookthatIreadthisterm).3)Toherteacherssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthanexpected.Toherteacherssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthan(shewas)expected(todo).4)Idontthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave.Idontthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave(returnedfromthehospital).5)Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidnt.Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidnt(wanttohelptheaccidentvictim).6)Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto.Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto(borrowmyfirstaidnotes).I. Choose the best answers.1)-Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwonthave_onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to2)-ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?-Yes.Itllbefineifyou_.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do3)-Arentyouthemanager?-No,andI_A.dontwanttoB.dontwanttobeC.dontwantbeD.dontwant4)-Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?-Notatall_.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.Idbegladto5)-Wontyouhaveanothertry?-_.A.Yes,IwillhaveB.Yes,IwonthaveC.Yes,IwontD.Yes,Iwill7)-Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?-_?A.IdontthinkB.No,IdontthinkC.IdontthinksoD.No,Idontso8)-Haveyoufedthecat?-No,but_.A.ImB.IamC.ImjustgoingD.ImjustgoingtoII.单项选择单项选择1.-Iwontdoitanymore.-_?A. Why dont B. Why dont do it any more C.WhynotD.Whynotto2.Although_tostop,hekeptonworking.A.tellB.tellingC.havingtoldD.told3.-Willyouwastetimeandmoneyonthat?-Certainly_.A.InotB.dontC.notD.no4.-Marydidntattendthelecture,didshe?-Yes,she_.A.attendedB.didntattendC.didntD.did5.-WhatsJohndoing?-_newspapersintheroom.A.ShereadingB.ShereadsC.ToreadD.Reading6._alwayssucceed.A.HonestandcleverstudentsB.StudentswhohonestandcleverC.HoneststudentsandcleverD.Studentsarehonestandclever7.-Canyouclimbthattree,myboy?-_?A.IB.MyselfC.MineD.Me8.Somepeopleareagainsttheplanbut_supportit.A.anymoreB.manymoreC.muchmoreD.nomore9.-Illbeawayforabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?-Notatall._.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdliketoD.Idbehappyto10.-Whynotgoandhaveadinnerinarestaurant?-_.Itstooexpensive.A.WhynotB.IagreeC.ImafraidnotD.Imsure11._Ihadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.A.IfB.UnlessC.HadD.When12.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_herbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.BecauseoflosingD.LosingII.下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。正。1.Ourhometownisnolongerwhatitusedto.2.WhenIintrouble,Ialwaysturntoherforhelp.3.Tompickedupacoinintheroadandhandedonetoapoliceman.be第一个第一个I后加后加am或去掉第一个或去掉第一个Iit4.Noonecanbearbeinglaughedinpublic.5.Whencomparingwiththesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesntseembigatall.6.Thegoodswereorderedlastmonthhaventarrivedyet.atcomparedgoods后加后加that或去掉或去掉were语法应试语法应试I.改改写写句句子子（使使用用省省略略手手段段避避免免下下面面各各句句重重复复与冗赘）与冗赘）1. Someone has used my mobile phone, but Idontknowwhohasusedit.2. John worked hard but his brother did notworkhard.3. I have lazy students and hardworkingstudentsinmyclass.4.-Hasheeverbeenabroad?-No,hehasneverbeenabroad.5.Ifitisnecessary,wewillfinishitaheadoftime.6.Youmustnotbelateandyoumustnotbeabsent.7.Givemeyournameandaddress,please.8.Itiswelldone.9.Mothercantakearest,Mothershouldtakearest but Mother wont take a rest after longhoursofwork.10.Hecouldanswerthequestionsverywellifhe would answer the questions but he didntanswerthequestions.【语法专项训练语法专项训练】【单项选择单项选择【 1“Islippedonthestairs.Ithinkmyarmisbroken.”“Oh!I_.”A.donothopetoB.donothopeC.hopenotsoD.hopenot2.“IsProfessorTateverysick?”“Imafraid_.”A.soB.thisC.toD.that3.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_.A.itB.thoseC.themD.one4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.notto B.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo5.“Doyouthinkitsgoingtorainovertheweekend?”“_.”A.IdontbelieveB.IdontbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot6.“Dontforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.”“_.”A.IdontB.IwontC.IcantD.Ihavent7.“Illbeawayonbusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?”“Notatall._.”A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.Idbehappyto8.“Whydontwetakealittlebreak?”“Didntwejusthave_?”A.itB.thatC.oneD.that9.“Therewillbeanewfilmonshow.”“Imafraid_.”A.soB.maybeC.notD.that10.“Weallhatepollution.”“_.”A.Yes,everyonehatesB.Yes,everyonedoesC.No,IlikenotD.No,Idont跟踪练习跟踪练习1.1. CouldCould youyou pleaseplease sparespare meme somesome time?time? I I vevesomethingtotalkwithyou.somethingtotalkwithyou.Notnow,_time,perhaps.Notnow,_time,perhaps. A.anyotherA.anyother B.someB.some C.otherC.otherD.someotherD.someother2. 2. TheThestudentsstudentshavehaveallall mademadeupuptheirtheirmindsmindstotogainahighmark_difficulties.gainahighmark_difficulties. A.howeverA.howeverB.whateverB.whateverC.wheneverC.wheneverD.whicheverD.whicheverD.someotherD.someotherB.whateverB.whatever跟踪练习跟踪练习3.3.Ifeeltired,Dad.Ifeeltired,Dad.Tired?_?Tired?_? A.ForwhatA.ForwhatB.ForwhichB.Forwhich C.FromwhichC.FromwhichD.OfwhatD.Ofwhat4.4.Whynotjoinusinthegame?Whynotjoinusinthegame?_._. A.No,youdothesameA.No,youdothesameB.Oh,thatB.Oh,that sallrightsallrightC.Ok,comingC.Ok,comingD.Sure,pleasedoD.Sure,pleasedoD.OfwhatD.OfwhatC.Ok,comingC.Ok,coming跟踪练习跟踪练习5.5.TheTheboyboywantedwantedhimhimtotorideridehishisbicyclebicycleininthethestreetstreetbuthismothertoldhim_.buthismothertoldhim_. A.nottoA.nottoB.nottodoB.nottodo C.notdoitC.notdoitD.donottoD.donotto6.6.Wouldyoulikesomewine?Wouldyoulikesomewine?Yes,_.Yes,_. A.littleA.littleB.verylittleB.verylittleC.alittleC.alittleD.littlebitD.littlebitA.nottoA.nottoC.alittleC.alittle跟踪练习跟踪练习7.7.Howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness?Howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness? _1982._1982. A.AfterA.AfterB.InB.In C.FromC.FromD.SinceD.Since8.8. YouYou areare standingstanding tootoo nearnear thethe camera.camera. CanCan youyoumove_.move_. A.abitfarA.abitfarB.alittlefartherB.alittlefartherC.abitoffartherC.abitoffartherD.alittlefarD.alittlefarD.SinceD.SinceB.alittlefartherB.alittlefarther