并列平行结构并列平行结构 英语句子中的并列平行结构并列平行结构最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如 and、or等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂得多层次含义。这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的. 并列：语义并列 语用并列 语法功能并列 形式并列Keeping your head, instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit, may make the different between life and death when fire breaks out. 要点分析：句中主语为动名词短语“Keeping” “crowding”和“pushing”两个动名词是并列平行结构。参考译文：当火灾发生时，保持冷静，不要向安全出口乱挤乱拥，这样就会使生与死的机会截然不同。The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.要点：主语the way 有一个很长的定语从句修饰，定语从句中有三个并列的不定式短语作动词“is used”的目的状语即to achieve privacy， to build homes，和to design cities。本句的主干部分为：The way is culturally influenced。参考译文：怎样利用空间实现个人隐私，修建住宅及规划城市都受到文化上的影响。And neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely every day, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.要点：neithernor连接并列主语。“convince”后接“people”作宾语，另外三个“that”从句并列作convince 的宾语，其中最后一个“that”从句前省略了“that”补齐则为（that） millions of。 参考译文：朋友们及家庭成员都无法说服恐惧症患者，使他们相信：多数动物对人无害，数以千计的旅行者每日都安全的飞行，数百万的人每天都安全地乘好几次电梯。 并列句的省略为了使讲话和行文简洁并列句句中某些成分有时可以省略。在并列句中后面的分句往往省略和上文重合的部分尤其当第二句出现and, but, neither, either, nor, so too时那么后一个分句与前一个分句相同的句子成分可以省略。在英汉翻译时省略部分常常要翻译出来。It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada (it is) inevitable and in California (it is) optional. I think youll win the race; indeed we all think so. By taking thought, men can move mountains-and have (moved mountains). In note-taking, a strict discipline has to be kept to and all inessential details (have to be) ignored and unnecessary words (have to be) eliminated. 真题再现 If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not（） as protection against legal liability. 1999年text1 真题再现 Foreign clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. 1995年text5