Teaching ArrangementRevisionLead In Background InformationText AnalysisLanguage PointsReflectionAssignmentTeaching ObjectivesIn this Unit ,you willGrasp the main idea and structure of the text;Make predictions on plot development;Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text CrueltyCrueltyWhat is cruelty? Word Review CC 合作合作合作合作, , , , 协作协作协作协作RR 宗教信仰宗教信仰宗教信仰宗教信仰, , , , 宗教宗教宗教宗教 UU 史无前例的史无前例的史无前例的史无前例的, , , , 空前的空前的空前的空前的E E 基本的基本的基本的基本的, , , , 最重要的最重要的最重要的最重要的, , , , 必必必必要的要的要的要的 L L ( ( ( (陆上陆上陆上陆上) ) ) ) 风景风景风景风景T T 毕业毕业毕业毕业( ( ( (或学位或学位或学位或学位) ) ) )论文论文论文论文 YY 儿童儿童儿童儿童; ; ; ; 少年少年少年少年; ; ; ; 青年青年青年青年ooperationeligionnprecedentedssentialandscapehesisounsterCruelty exists in three distinct realms (领域领域).cruelty against mankind cruelty against animals cruelty against nature Unit 5 Never Judge by AppearancesText A A Friend in Need Why do some people tend to be so heartless and cruel?Seven Sins in the Bible暴食暴食 Gluttony贪婪贪婪 Greed懒惰懒惰 Sloth淫欲淫欲 Lust嫉妒嫉妒 Envy暴怒暴怒 Wrath傲慢傲慢 PrideOur first impressions, accordingto Jane Austen, are usually wrong.In daily life, some people hold that their first impressions of a person are always right.What is your opinion?Somerset MaughamAbout the Author Somerset Maugham (1874 - Somerset Maugham (1874 - 1965): an English writer 1965): an English writer considered to be one of the considered to be one of the best writers of shorts stories best writers of shorts stories in the English Language. in the English Language. He also wrote plays and He also wrote plays and novels, including novels, including Of Of Human BondageHuman Bondage ( (人类的人类的枷锁枷锁) )and and Cakes and Ale(Cakes and Ale(蛋蛋糕和麦芽酒糕和麦芽酒) ). Many of his . Many of his stories are about human stories are about human weaknesses.weaknesses. According to Maugham, some people seem easy to understand : their character appears obvious on first meeting. Appearances, however, can be deceptive.Text AA Friend In Need A Friend In NeedA friend in need is a friend indeed.Predict what the text is about?Clues for reading the text and the main contentsLook at the title , and then predict Look at the title , and then predict what the text is about , or what kinds what the text is about , or what kinds of plot are possible under such a title of plot are possible under such a title . . “ “ A Friend In Need A Friend In Need ” ” is , in fact , a is , in fact , a person who doesnperson who doesn t help , but rather t help , but rather ( (反而反而) kill his friend for nothing . The ) kill his friend for nothing . The title A Friend in Need helps bring out title A Friend in Need helps bring out the theme of the story : People arenthe theme of the story : People aren t t always what they appear to be . First always what they appear to be . First impressions of a person are not impressions of a person are not always right .always right .Finish Text Organization Exercises 1 Finish Text Organization Exercises 1 and 2 while you are reading and 2 while you are reading G R _ Word-web3G R _ Word-web3G R _ Word-web4G R _ Word-web4Word-webThink Think of of as as many many possible possible words words and and phrases phrases about about friend.friend.friendly friendly frankfrankhumoroushumorousnicenicegenerousgenerouswarm-heartedwarm-heartedsociablesociablechummy ( chummy ( 亲密的，很友好的亲密的，很友好的) )amiable ( amiable ( 和蔼可亲的；令人愉悦的和蔼可亲的；令人愉悦的) )intimate ( intimate ( 熟悉的，密切的；个人的，私下的；气氛融熟悉的，密切的；个人的，私下的；气氛融洽的；深刻的，详尽的洽的；深刻的，详尽的) )cordial(cordial(热情友好的；真诚的热情友好的；真诚的) )sophisticated sophisticated （老于世故的）（老于世故的）vicious(vicious(邪恶的，道德败坏的；有恶习的；有缺点的，邪恶的，道德败坏的；有恶习的；有缺点的，有弱点的，有瑕疵的有弱点的，有瑕疵的) )hard to talk tohard to talk tocloseclosethoughtfulthoughtfulactiveactiveheartlessheartlessorganizedorganizedsmartsmarthelpfulhelpfulstrictstrictstubbornstubborndecentdecent（得体的，体面的）（得体的，体面的）cautious and timidcautious and timidcruelcruelMain Idea(有些看上去很友善的人实际上可能心如蛇蝎_ 他们在朋友处于困境时落井下石.)Some people seem easy to understand: their character appears obvious on first meeting. Appearances, however, can be deceptive. Those who appear to be friendly may turn out to be so evil-minded as to be ready to strike a cruel blow at a friend in need. Text analysis: Maugham, the famous British short story writer, shows us how powerful contrast is in delineating a persons character. Upon first seeing the title, readers may think: “Oh, no. Another story about how people helped their friend in need!” However, when they finish reading it, readers will find it is an entirely different story: Those who appear to be friendly may turn out to be so evil-minded as to be ready to strike a cruel blow at a friend in need. Almost the entire Part II is devoted to the description of Edward Burtons kindly appearance and pleasant manners. Neither the “I” in the story nor readers could imagine him hurting a fly. Yet in Part III Burton recounts cold-bloodedly how he destroyed a human life. Part I and Part II are narrated by “I”, who offers his subjective opinion of Burtons character. Yet in Part III Burton himself takes over the narration to tell what happened between him and a friend in trouble. He sounds cool and objective; just because of this he is shown to be so vicious and so cold-blooded. When contrasts abound, it is hard for readers to easily predict what will happen next.Text StructurePart I: Paragraph.1Part II: Paragraph.2-3 Part III: Paragraph.4-51G R _ PredictionG R _ Prediction Prediction Predict what the text is about or what kinds of plot are possible under such a title.You may think: a story about how people helped their friend in need.An entirely different story: Those who appear to be friendly may turn out to be so evil-minded as to be ready to strike a cruel blow at a friend in need. Make predictions :Make predictions : At the end of Paragraphs 3,10,16,32 At the end of Paragraphs 3,10,16,32 and 45 ,please make predictions on and 45 ,please make predictions on plot development and give your plot development and give your reasons : reasons : Para 3: what could Burton possibly Para 3: what could Burton possibly have done ?have done ? Para 10: will they discuss the Para 10: will they discuss the remittance man ?remittance man ? Para 16: what is Burton Para 16: what is Burton s story about s story about ? ? Para32: what was Burton Para32: what was Burton s idea ?s idea ? Para 45: Did the man swim ? Para 45: Did the man swim ? ( (预测是重要的阅读能力预测是重要的阅读能力) )Compare these words : endure ,stand , Compare these words : endure ,stand , bear , toleratebear , tolerate Part Division of the Text PartPara(s) Main Ideas 11 223It is no easy job to judge people, for they arent always what they appear to be.Kind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant, appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly.3451As it turned out, Burton was cold-blooded enough to send a friend to certain death.G R _Q$A Questions and Answers 1. Who narrates Parts I and II?Part I and Part II are narrated by “I”, who offers his subjective opinion of Burtons character. 2. Why is there such a difference?When contrasts abound, it is hard for readers to easily predict what will happen next.G R _Section Division1 Section DivisionPart Three, which constitutes the main plot, can be subdivided into three sections. Sections LinesMainly about1376626798what Edward knew about Lennyhow Edward responded to Lennys request 399132how Edward, a “kind” gentleman, handled a friend in desperate need of helpIntroduction of major charactersI : the narratorEdward Burton: a merchant and he had been in business in Japan for many years.Lenny Burton: an excellent bridge player and used to support to himself by money coming from home and sometimes by card-playing. Does the narrator think our first impressions of a person are always right? Why or why not?Main idea: It is no easy job to judge people, for they arent always what they appear to be. Part II : Group WorkTasks: 1. Find out the sentences describing the appearance of Edward Burton. 2. What struck the narrator most about Edward Burton? How does the narrator describe this obvious side to Burtons character? He was a tiny little fellow, not much more than five feet four in height, and very slender, with white hair, a red face much wrinkled, and blue eyes. (L13-15)What struck the narrator most is Burtons kindness.(L27) The narrator gave a detailed description of Burtons appearance and manners: There was something very pleasing in his mild blue eyes. His voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could possibly raise it in anger; his smile was benign(L27-29)A R _IntroductionIntroductionHow to describe a person1. Who is he?2. His physical description3. His clothing4. His personality5. ConclusionA R _ Useful Expressions and Patterns1Useful Expressions and PatternsHes tall / medium height / fairly short and heavy / well-built / thin / plump.1.Hes got a square / broad / narrow / round / long / wrinkled face.2.Hes got a pointed / double chin.3.Shes slim.4.Shes wearing a blue dress and white sandals / a blouse and high-heel shoes / a turtle sweater and a pencil skirt / a blue summer dress / jeans and a jacket / a blue suit.5.A R _ Useful Expressions and Patterns2Shes got short curly / straight shoulder-length / wavy medium length / long wavy hair.Hes got short blond straight hair and blue eyes.She makes a lasting impression on everyone she meets.He looks serious, but hes very funny in class.Appearance is deceptive.A fair face may hide a foul heart.A good face is a letter of recommendation. 6. 7. 8. 9.10.11.12.Main Idea of Part IIKind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant, appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly.Contrast :Contrast : Words or phrases to praise Burton - Words or phrases to praise Burton - of a piece , generous , sensible , - of a piece , generous , sensible , neatly and quietly dressed , dry neatly and quietly dressed , dry humor , to be popular , one of the humor , to be popular , one of the best , a united and affectionate best , a united and affectionate family , kindliness , pleasing , family , kindliness , pleasing , gentle , begin , a real love for his gentle , begin , a real love for his fellows , couldnfellows , couldn t bear to hurt a fly t bear to hurt a fly , , But such a man set a condition But such a man set a condition ( (设局设局) for offering a job , and he was ) for offering a job , and he was aware Lenny would be drowned . aware Lenny would be drowned . “ “Well , I hadnWell , I hadn t got a vacancy in my t got a vacancy in my office at the moment .office at the moment .” ” - the last - the last sentence reveals Burtonsentence reveals Burton s vicious s vicious ( (罪恶的罪恶的, ,不道德的不道德的) nature to the full . ) nature to the full . Part III : Make Predictions At the end of Paragraphs 3, 10, 16, 32 and 45, make predictions on plot development.Para. 3: What could Burton possibly have done?Para. 10: Will they discuss the remittance man?Para. 16: What is Burtons story about?Para. 32: What was Burtons idea?Para. 45: Did the man swim?Part III : Question When Edward set a condition for offering a job, was he aware Lenny would be drowned? How do you know? Yes, Edward must know that Lenny couldnt made it, because he knew Lenny was not in good condition and he had ruined his constitution by drink and dissipation. The currents round the beacon were more than Lenny could mange. On the other hand, he didnt get a vacancy in his office at that moment. (L 123-125)Part III : Main IdeaAs it turned out, Burton was cold-blooded enough to send a friend to certain death.Language PointsDifficult SentencesD R _ S_ For my own For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me.1. What does “for my own part” mean?It means “as far as I am concerned”.2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.拿我自己来说，我发现，认识一个人的时间越长，我拿我自己来说，我发现，认识一个人的时间越长，我就越感到困惑。就越感到困惑。for sb.s (own) part / the part of: as far as sb. is concerned至于；对来说 Examples: For my part I prefer living in the country. Some young students, for their part, can stay up late playing computer games. D R _ S_ Unless I had Unless I had heard the story from his own lips, I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action. Paraphrase this sentence.If I hadnt heard the story told by himself, I should never have believed that he could do such a thing. This is a subjunctive mood.Unless I had heard the story from his own Unless I had heard the story from his own lips ,I should never have believed that he lips ,I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action . (lines 9-11)was capable of such an action . (lines 9-11) 译：要不是听他亲口讲述这个故事，我根本不会相信译：要不是听他亲口讲述这个故事，我根本不会相信 他能做出这种事来他能做出这种事来 unless 1). Ifunless 1). Ifnot not 如果不如果不 2). unless 2). unless 不能用于虚拟语气不能用于虚拟语气 例：例：unless she comes soon ,Iunless she comes soon ,I m going m going without her . without her . = (If she doesn = (If she doesn t come soon ,.)t come soon ,.) I happenedI happened on one occasion on one occasion to be spendingto be spending a few lays there ,a few lays there , (line 18) (line 18) 有一次，我正好有一次，我正好要在那里呆几天要在那里呆几天 It happened thatIt happened that we were both staying at we were both staying at the Grand Hotel the Grand Hotel (line 24).(line 24). 碰巧，我们俩都住在格兰德大酒店碰巧，我们俩都住在格兰德大酒店 用用“ “It happens that It happens that ” 或或” ” One happens to One happens to do /be doing do /be doing ” 结构翻译下列句子：结构翻译下列句子： 1).1).爆炸时碰巧屋子里没人爆炸时碰巧屋子里没人It happened that no one was in the It happened that no one was in the house at the time of the explosion .house at the time of the explosion . 2). 2).你还记得他的名字吗？你还记得他的名字吗？Do you happen to remember his name ?Do you happen to remember his name ?D R _ S_ Here if ever 1. Paraphrase this sentence.Here if there ever was a man who is the same as he looks like.Here if ever was a man all of a piece. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.要说真有表里如一的人的话，那就是此公了。要说真有表里如一的人的话，那就是此公了。D R _ S_ He played Paraphrase the sentence.He played well and did it in a graceful way.He played a good game and a generous one. D R _ S_ he could tell he could tell with point a good and spicy story, and in his youth he had been something of an athlete. 1. What can we infer from this part?We know this guy was quite humorous and easy-going. The second sentence implies he looked healthy. Short and small as he is, he does not look morbid. All his things depict a good and kind elderly man.2. Translate this part into Chinese.他他能能绘绘声声绘绘色色地地讲讲个个来来劲劲儿儿的的段段子子什什么么的的，他他年年轻轻时时多少还是个运动员呢。多少还是个运动员呢。D R _ S_ He stroked his 1. What can we infer from this sentence?He was very frail. His appearance suggests no hurt. This description of his hand is a proof of what has been mentioned in LL.34-36 that he was very frail and could easily arouse others instincts of protection and seemed to be a man who would not bear to hurt a fly.2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.他用瘦小的手摸了摸剃得光光的下巴；手上青筋鼓起，他用瘦小的手摸了摸剃得光光的下巴；手上青筋鼓起，手白得几乎透明。手白得几乎透明。He stroked his shaven chin with his thin hand; the veins stood out on it and it was almost transparent.D R _ S_I suppose thatI suppose that is why he came to me when he went broke, that and the fact that he was a namesake of mine. 1. Analyze the structure of this sentence.I suppose 后接宾语从句后接宾语从句; ;从句中的主语为从句中的主语为that; that and the fact 为前一个为前一个that 的同位语，用来进行补充说明。的同位语，用来进行补充说明。也就是说也就是说, ,他来找我的原因有二：一是他来找我的原因有二：一是that ( (两个两个that 指指代的是相同的事件代的是相同的事件) )， 二是二是the fact that。2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.大概就是因为这个，当他落得一文不名的时候，就来找大概就是因为这个，当他落得一文不名的时候，就来找我了，再说他和我同姓。我了，再说他和我同姓。D R _ S_ I got someI got some glimmering of what he was driving at. Ive known too many men who were little tin gods at their university to be impressed by it.Translate this sentence into Chinese.我听出了一点他话里的意思。上大学时自以为了不起的我听出了一点他话里的意思。上大学时自以为了不起的人我见得多了，我才不吃这套呢。人我见得多了，我才不吃这套呢。D R _ S_ But I neednt But I neednt have hurried; he never turned up.What does the sentence imply?He (Burton) was evil-minded and cold-blooded, having no sympathy at all.D R _ S_ Well Well, I hadnt got a vacancy in my office at the moment.What does the sentence imply?Hed never taken seriously the friends need for help, or actually he had never thought of giving his poor friend a hand.Word Studydeceptive: likely to deceive; misleading likely to deceive; misleading靠靠不住的；容易使人上当的不住的；容易使人上当的 e.g. e.g. _ Appearances are _ Appearances are deceptivedeceptive. . _ The newspapers promised not to run _ The newspapers promised not to run deceptivedeceptive ads in the future. ads in the future. _The company was charged with _The company was charged with deceptive advertising for a number of deceptive advertising for a number of products.products. _The play is also an observation about _The play is also an observation about the deceptive nature of appearances.the deceptive nature of appearances.deceptivelydeceptively adv. adv. deceptivenessdeceptiveness n. n.D R _ word _definite1definite: adj. clear; that cant be doubted我们要求给一个确切的答复。我们要求给一个确切的答复。We demand a definite answer.Its definite that hell come.I was wandering round the shop with no very definite aim.Doctors have found a definite link between smoking and lung cancer.Collocation:a definite success绝对的成功绝对的成功definite period of time确切的时间确切的时间D R _ word _definite2The doctor is quite definite about the patient having developed a lung cancer.医生非常肯定病人是患了肺癌。医生非常肯定病人是患了肺癌。The chairman asked the speaker to be more definite in his statements.主席让发言的人把话说得更明确些。主席让发言的人把话说得更明确些。definite 表示某事界限分明表示某事界限分明,以至于就其意义或范围不以至于就其意义或范围不会产生任何疑问、误解。例如：会产生任何疑问、误解。例如： definite & definitive这两个词均有这两个词均有“明确的明确的”、“确定的确定的”的意思。的意思。CF:D R _ word _definite3This is a definitive judicial decision by the Supreme Court.这是最高法院的最终判决。这是最高法院的最终判决。She has written a definitive biography of Byron.她写了一本很具权威性的拜伦传。她写了一本很具权威性的拜伦传。definitive 表示某事确定、明确无误，常含表示某事确定、明确无误，常含“决定性的决定性的”、 “最后的最后的”意思。例如：意思。例如：for sb.s (own) part /the part of: as far as sb. is concernede.g. For my part, I prefer living in the country. Some young students, for their part, can stay up late playing computer games.D R _ word _wrinklewrinkle: vt. tighten the skin of the face into lines or foldsThe woman was fifty, but looked sixty. Her cheeks were sunken and her skin was wrinkled and yellow.他闻到怪味儿皱起了鼻子。他闻到怪味儿皱起了鼻子。He wrinkled (up) his nose at the bad smell.(all) of a piece: the same in all parts; the same as sth. elseThe essays he completed in the The essays he completed in the latter part of his life are of a piece latter part of his life are of a piece with his earlier work.with his earlier work.all of a piece = all of one pieceall of a piece = all of one pieceOther usages of pieceOther usages of piece master piece master piece 杰作杰作杰作杰作; ; 杰出的事杰出的事杰出的事杰出的事 tear to piecetear to pieces s 撕碎撕碎撕碎撕碎; ; 彻底摧毁彻底摧毁彻底摧毁彻底摧毁; ; 痛斥痛斥痛斥痛斥in accordance with: in agreement or harmony withuSome young people are self-Some young people are self-centered, which is not in accordance centered, which is not in accordance with Chinese traditional values.with Chinese traditional values.Students Students will will be be criticized criticized or or punished punished if if their their behavior behavior is is not not in in accordance accordance with school regulations.with school regulations.u act in accordance with the rules act in accordance with the rules 根据条例行事D R _ word _spicyspicy: adj. exciting, esp. because of being slightly indecent; containing or tasting like spicePeople from Sichuan province like to eat spicy food.在一些地方报纸上你可以读到有关电影明星的下流故事。在一些地方报纸上你可以读到有关电影明星的下流故事。You can often read spicy stories about film stars in the local newspapers.instincte.g. It is the mothers instinct to protect her children.Other usages: act on instinct 凭直觉行动 by instinct 出于本能have an instinct for 生来就有.的本能, 生性爱好instinct with 充满着.; 受.的鼓舞oddly enough: used to say that sth. seems strange or surprisinge.g. oddly enough = strangely enough Oddly enough, some of the students dont know how to log on the internet.D R _ word _in a wayin a way: to a certain extent but not entirelyThe work is well done in a way.I agree with you in a way, but there are still some areas on which I cant see eye to eye with you.in a wayc.f.c.f. in a big way in a big way大规模地大规模地; ; 豪华地豪华地; ; 隆重地隆重地 in a great way in a great way大规模地大规模地; ; 豪华地豪华地; ; 隆重地隆重地 in a family way in a family way不拘礼节地, 家常随便地; 怀孕in a general wayin a general way一般说来, 大体上in a good wayin a good way昌盛地, 富裕地in a hundred and one waysin a hundred and one ways千方百计地D R _ word _strokestroke: vt. pass the hand gently over (a surface), usu. several timesAt the sight of her husband getting off the train, the woman walked forward and embraced him and gently stroked his white hair.I reached out and stroked the babys cheek tenderly.D R _ word _shaveshave: vt. cut or scrape thin slices from the surface of;vi. cut hair off ones face, etc. with a razorIn the Qing dynasty men shaved the front of the head and wore the hair at the back tied in a queue or pigtail.He washed and shaved, then hurried out of the house.D R _ word _go brokego broke: have no money; go bankruptHe invested all his money in stocks; unfortunately he made one wrong choice after another and finally went broke. 许多跨国公司在经济危机期间都破产了，更不用说小许多跨国公司在经济危机期间都破产了，更不用说小企业了。企业了。Many multinational companies went broke during the financial crisis, not to speak of small businesses.go broke: have no money; go bankruptgo for broke go for broke 全力以赴全力以赴; ; 孤注一掷孤注一掷 go broke go broke 破产破产 clean brokeclean broke身无分文身无分文, , 一文不名一文不名 dead brokedead broke身无分文身无分文, , 一文不名一文不名stone brokestone broke身无分文身无分文, , 一文不名一文不名 stony brokestony broke身无分文身无分文, , 一文不一文不名名USA flat broke flat-broke USA flat broke flat-broke 身无分文身无分文, , 一一文不名文不名D R _ word _stick to stick to: refuse to abandon or change (sth.) The mother asked her son just to tell the cops what he saw and stick to his story.The old man stuck to jogging every morning although he was eighty years old.Collocation:stick to ones word遵守诺言遵守诺言stick to the point紧扣要点紧扣要点D R _ word _drive atdrive at: be trying to sayThe teacher didnt mention the word “cheating” but I knew what he was driving at.我不知道你到底什么意思。我不知道你到底什么意思。I have no idea what youre driving at.NB:用用ing形式表示非正式形式表示非正式D R _ word _current1current:1. n. continuous flow of water or air in a particular directionSwimming against the current is energy-consuming.Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west.2. adj. of the present time; happening nowThe current situation in this area is quite different from that in the 1990s.他不喜欢现在的工作，正打算辞职。他不喜欢现在的工作，正打算辞职。He doesnt like the current job, and is planning to quit it.D R _ word _current2Collocation:current fashions时装时装current events时事时事current prices现价现价D R _ word _be taken abackbe taken aback: be shocked or surprisedHe was taken aback when a woman answered the phone.当我发现电脑不见了时我大吃一惊。当我发现电脑不见了时我大吃一惊。I was taken aback when I found my computer was gone.D R _ word _in good conditionin bad/good condition: in bad/good healthThe car is in very good condition.In spite of the surgery he is still in bad condition.D R _ word _turn upturn up: arrive; make ones appearanceHe didnt turn up until the end of the examination.她干什么都迟到。她干什么都迟到。She turns up late for everything.D R _ word _funkfunk: vt. (infml) avoid because of fearHe was given a chance of taking part in the speech contest, but he funked it.He promised to climb the mountain with us, but he funked it at the last moment.Collocation:funk water怕水怕水funk riding a horse 怕骑马怕骑马D R _ word _constitutionconstitution: n. condition of a persons body with regard to health, strength, etc.A boxer must have a strong constitution.Having been ill for several years, he has a particularly fragile constitution.Collocation:an old man with a weak constitution 一位体弱的老人一位体弱的老人build up a strong/tough constitution练出强健的体格练出强健的体格D R _ word _trifletrifle: n. a thing, a matter or an activity that has little value or importance我女儿总是把钱浪费在小玩意儿上。我女儿总是把钱浪费在小玩意儿上。My daughter always wastes her money on trifles.The couple often quarreled about some petty trifle connected with the housework.NB：a trifle：slightly George was a trifle awkward with girls but fond of dancing.She was a trifle breathless after the run.D R _ word _candid1candid: adj. not hiding ones thoughts; frank and honest 老实同你说，你的工作做得不够好。老实同你说，你的工作做得不够好。Let me be absolutely candid with you: your work is not good enough.Nancy is candid about the problems she is having with Steve.Pattern: be candid about/withCollocation:直言直言a candid opinioncandid 既指言辞坦白直接，也指态度坦率真诚的，直抒既指言辞坦白直接，也指态度坦率真诚的，直抒 胸臆的。例如：胸臆的。例如：D R _ word _candid2那位政治家曾答应要做到坦率公正，但我们对此感到怀疑。那位政治家曾答应要做到坦率公正，但我们对此感到怀疑。candid, frank & open这三个词均有这三个词均有“直率的直率的”、“坦白的坦白的”之意。之意。CF:To be candid with you, your son is not trustworthy.不瞒你说，你儿子是靠不住的。不瞒你说，你儿子是靠不住的。The politician promised to be candid, but we wondered.frank 较常用，一般指人在言辞或供述方面的坦白。例如：较常用，一般指人在言辞或供述方面的坦白。例如：D R _ word _ candid3He gave a very frank reply.他坦率地作了答复。他坦率地作了答复。To be frank with you, I dont know what you are talking about.老实讲，我不知道你们在谈些什么。老实讲，我不知道你们在谈些什么。open 强调事物的公开性，指不加遮掩的、公开的。例如：强调事物的公开性，指不加遮掩的、公开的。例如：She is a very friendly, open person.她是个非常友好、坦率的人。她是个非常友好、坦率的人。She told her troubles with an open heart.她坦率地说出了自己的困难。她坦率地说出了自己的困难。D R _ word _vacancyvacancy: n. unfilled position or post这家公司的财务部有一个空额。这家公司的财务部有一个空额。The company has a vacancy in the accounts department.There are three vacancies in this apartment house.with (a) bad/good grace:with (a) bad/good grace: unwillingly unwillingly and rudely/willingly and happilyand rudely/willingly and happilyget into sb. good gracesget into sb. good graces博得某人的欢心博得某人的欢心博得某人的欢心博得某人的欢心good gracesgood graces好意好意好意好意, , 友意友意友意友意; ; 宠爱宠爱宠爱宠爱have the grace to (do) have the grace to (do) 有有有有. . 的雅量的雅量的雅量的雅量, , 有勇气有勇气有勇气有勇气.in sb.s good /bad gracesin sb.s good /bad graces受某人照顾受某人照顾受某人照顾受某人照顾 白眼白眼白眼白眼 make ones gracesmake ones graces行礼行礼行礼行礼with an ill gracewith an ill grace勉强地勉强地勉强地勉强地, , 不情愿地不情愿地不情愿地不情愿地with a good gracewith a good grace高兴地高兴地高兴地高兴地, , 欣然地欣然地欣然地欣然地with an easy gracewith an easy grace态度自若态度自若态度自若态度自若insane: (informal) very foolishe.g. an insane laugh;疯笑； insane babbling. 疯言乱语 an insane asylum.疯人院 insane jealousy.疯狂的嫉妒drive at: be trying to saye.g. I have no idea what youre driving at. The teacher didnt mention the word “cheating” but knew what he was driving at.A R _ Useful Expressions 1Useful Expressions 1.1.耸耸肩耸耸肩2.2.自大自大3.3.让某人大吃一惊让某人大吃一惊4.4.听某人亲口讲述听某人亲口讲述5.5.衣着整洁素雅衣着整洁素雅shrug ones shouldersgreat vanitygive sb. a great surprisefrom ones own lipsbe neatly and quietly dressedA R _ Useful Expressions 2 6.6.合乎某人的年龄和身份合乎某人的年龄和身份 7.7.玩桥牌玩桥牌 8.8.和睦恩爱的一家人和睦恩爱的一家人 9.9.年轻时年轻时in accordance with ones age and stationplay bridgea united and affectionate familyin ones youthnod a greeting10. 10. 点头致意点头致意A R _ Useful Expressions 311.11.对对有一种本能有一种本能12.12.两颊白里透红两颊白里透红13.13.和善地咯咯一笑和善地咯咯一笑14.14.勉强地勉强地/ /欣然地欣然地15.15.一文不名一文不名have an instinct about pink-and-white cheeksgive a kindly chucklewith a bad/good gracego brokeA R _ Useful Expressions 416.16.穷困潦倒穷困潦倒17.17.自杀自杀18.18.由于由于19.19.吃一惊吃一惊20.20.身体状况不好身体状况不好/ /好好be down and outcommit suicideon account ofbe taken abackin bad/good conditionA R _ Useful Expressions 521.21.祝某人好运祝某人好运22.22.临阵脱逃临阵脱逃23.23.喝酒作乐把身体搞垮喝酒作乐把身体搞垮24.24.对付不了对付不了wish sb. good luckfunk it at the last momentruin ones constitution by drink and dissipationmore than one can manage25.25.拿我自己来说拿我自己来说26.26.红红的脸上布满皱纹红红的脸上布满皱纹for my own parta red face much wrinkled ReflectionWhat do you think of Edward Burton?Do you think there is some truth in the saying, “You cant judge a book by looking at its cover”?A R _ Sentence Translation1Sentence Translation 1. The currents round the beacon were more than he could manage.灯塔周围的激流他对付不了。灯塔周围的激流他对付不了。2. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me.拿我自己来说，我发现，认识一个人的时间越长，我就拿我自己来说，我发现，认识一个人的时间越长，我就越感到困惑。越感到困惑。A R _Sentence Translation 23. He was always neatly and quietly dressed in accordance with his age and station. 他向来衣着整洁素雅，合乎他的年龄和身份。他向来衣着整洁素雅，合乎他的年龄和身份。4. His voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could possibly raise it in anger; his smile was benign.他说话的声音轻柔；你无法想像他会提高嗓门大发雷霆；他说话的声音轻柔；你无法想像他会提高嗓门大发雷霆；他的笑容和蔼可亲。他的笑容和蔼可亲。A R _Sentence Translation35. 要不是听他亲口讲述这个故事，我根本不会相信他能做要不是听他亲口讲述这个故事，我根本不会相信他能做 出这种事来。出这种事来。Unless I had heard the story from his own lips, I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action.6. 这个人吸引你，是因为你从他身上感到他对别人的真正这个人吸引你，是因为你从他身上感到他对别人的真正的爱。的爱。Here was a man who attracted you because you felt in him a real love for his fellows.A R _ Sentence Translation47. 我的处世经验告诉我，他打桥牌输起钱来时一定是大大我的处世经验告诉我，他打桥牌输起钱来时一定是大大 方方的。方方的。I knew from my own experience that he could lose money at bridge with a good grace.8. 姑娘们当时要是瞧见他，准不会对他那么着迷了。姑娘们当时要是瞧见他，准不会对他那么着迷了。The girls wouldnt have thought so much of him if theyd seen him then.A R _ Proverbs and Quotations 1Proverbs and Quotations1. A life without a friend is a life without a sun.人生没有朋友，犹如人生没有太阳。人生没有朋友，犹如人生没有太阳。2. Shared joy is double joy and shared sorrow is half sorrow.同乐则乐倍之，分忧则忧半之。同乐则乐倍之，分忧则忧半之。A R _ Proverbs and Quotations 23. Beauty is but skin deep.不可以貌取人。不可以貌取人。4. He that will not allow his friend to share the prize must not expect him to share the danger. Aesop, Ancient Greek fable writer不肯让朋友共享果实的人，不要指望朋友与他共患难。不肯让朋友共享果实的人，不要指望朋友与他共患难。 古希腊寓言作家古希腊寓言作家 伊索伊索A R _ Proverbs and Quotations 35. It is not enough to help the feeble up, but to support him after. William Shakespeare, British dramatist 仅仅把弱者扶起来是不够的，还要在他站起来之后支仅仅把弱者扶起来是不够的，还要在他站起来之后支持他。持他。 英国剧作家英国剧作家 W. 莎士比亚莎士比亚 A R _ Proverbs and Quotations 46. Some components of a thriving friendship are honesty, naturalness, thoughtfulness, some common interests. Ralph Waldo Emerson, American thinker确保友谊常青的诸要素是：诚实、朴实自然、体贴和某确保友谊常青的诸要素是：诚实、朴实自然、体贴和某些共同的兴趣。些共同的兴趣。 美国思想家美国思想家 R. W. 爱默生爱默生1. Read aloud the passage we learned today.2. Do the exercises after the passage. 3. Essay Writing AssignmentWrite an essay entitled Write an essay entitled Molding of Character as Molding of Character as I See ItI See It according to theaccording to the following outline: following outline:1) Give examples to illustrate what you mean by 1) Give examples to illustrate what you mean by “internal and external causes” “internal and external causes”2) How the two kinds of causes contribute to the 2) How the two kinds of causes contribute to the molding of a persons character molding of a persons character 3) Your conclusion3) Your conclusionMolding Character Why are some people kind and generous, Why are some people kind and generous, others cruel and heartless? Were they born that way others cruel and heartless? Were they born that way or were the differences in character shaped by or were the differences in character shaped by differences in experience? The care that is taken in differences in experience? The care that is taken in educating children shows that we place a lot of educating children shows that we place a lot of faith in good upbringing in the molding of faith in good upbringing in the molding of character.character. Yet, children are clearly born with different temperaments and this will lead them to respond differently to the same treatment. Then again, accidents or disease can bring about changes to the brain that can completely transform a persons character. Deciding where the balance lies between nature and external causes can be difficult. Take, for example, the case of the man whose character changed from being amiable and law-abiding to being aggressive and antisocial in a matter of a few weeks. On investigation, it was found that the man was suffering from a brain tumor. When this was removed, he returned to his original kindly character. Later the tumor grew once again, and the same slide into antisocial behavior again. In both cases the tumor was pressing on the part of the brain that controls social behavior and changing the mans character.The response from others was understanding and help. However, where a criminal is born with the same type of brain that the tumor caused, our response is not sympathy and treatment, but condemnation and punishment. Is this logical? Is if fair? (236 words)