Unit 4 The Attributive Clause Underline the attributive clauses: Dont forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you cant get. Dont give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory. 曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。已经失去的，留作回忆。 Attributive clause 定语从句定语从句 定语从句（定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。等。关系副词有：关系副词有： when, where, why等。等。Revision1 relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的在定语从句中所充当的成分成分人人人人物物物物句子句子句子句子主语主语主语主语宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语定语定语whowhomwhichthatwhoserelative adverb关系副词关系副词指代指代所充当的句子成分所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语考点一：考点一：that 和和 which以下情况，引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。1. 先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词 everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing, none, few时时,5. 先行词前有先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，修饰时，先行词被先行词被 all, any , every, little, much, no, some, the only，the very，the last 修饰时，修饰时，2. 先行词同时先行词同时指人和指物指人和指物时，时，3. 在在以以which / who 为疑问词为疑问词的特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问句中 4. 在在there is / here is / it is 句型中句型中1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itExercise:先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定等不定代词时，关系代词用代词时，关系代词用that4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find.A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it先行词为先行词为人和物的人和物的组合组合先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修饰时修饰时先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。等时。若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或或者者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关关系代词不要再用系代词不要再用 who, which，而用而用 that。考点二：以下情况只能用考点二：以下情况只能用which引导定语从句。引导定语从句。1. 引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时, 其先行词可其先行词可是一个词是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。分。 3. 句子中同时有两个定语从句，其中一个句子中同时有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了已经用了 that 引导时引导时 2. 先行词是物，紧接在介词后面时先行词是物，紧接在介词后面时 考点三：关系代词考点三：关系代词 as 的用法的用法 the same as 表示表示同一类同一类人或物；人或物； the same that 指指同一个同一个人或物人或物1) 直接引导定语从句直接引导定语从句: 作用相当于作用相当于which He was late, as / which is often the case. As anyone could see it, they were very upset. 2) 与与such 连用连用, 引起定语从句引起定语从句 There are no such writers as you mention. It gave him such a shock that his face turned white. 3) 与与same 连用连用, 引起定语从句引起定语从句 如此如此 以至于以至于 4）as 与与 which 的区别的区别as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的行为动词的被动语态，被动语态，如如be known， be said，be reported等，等， 如从句中如从句中行为动词是主动语态行为动词是主动语态，一般要用，一般要用which作主语。作主语。 She has been late again, _ was expected. Tom has made great progress, _ made us happy.aswhich1. _ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2. Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is3. She is very good at dance, _ everybody knows. A. that B. where C. who D. as4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like考点四：什么情况下考点四：什么情况下 whose和和of which不能互换不能互换?1. 先行词是人时，只能用先行词是人时，只能用whose, 不能用不能用of whichIts the first time the boy _ father is an engineer has paid a visit to our school. 2. of 不具有所属关系时，不能用不具有所属关系时，不能用whose She would like to read the novel of which a great number of people have heard. whose 考点五考点五:什么情况下用什么情况下用 who 不用不用 that？ 先行词是人称代词时，如：先行词是人称代词时，如： He, who just heard the news of his fathers death, burst into tears. 考点六考点六 : way 后面的定语从句后面的定语从句 way 后面的定语从句的引导词有后面的定语从句的引导词有 in which that 或或 不填不填，如：，如： I recognized hes from Australia from the way _ he speaks. in which ( that / 不填不填)填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/ which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语缺少主语或宾语缺少主语或宾语: :引导词用引导词用that / which / 不填不填(缺宾语时缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺主语宾语都不缺: :引导词用引导词用that / in which / 不填不填 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句与定语从句的区别： that引导同位语从句时不充当句子成分；用于定引导同位语从句时不充当句子成分；用于定语从句则充当句子成分；语从句则充当句子成分；用用when, where, why引引导同位语从句时，其前面的词不是相应的时间、导同位语从句时，其前面的词不是相应的时间、地点、原因，而定语从句则必须是相应的时间、地点、原因，而定语从句则必须是相应的时间、地点、原因。例如：地点、原因。例如：概念拓展概念拓展 ：The suggestion that the job is unfit for you is reasonable.The suggestion that you put forward is reasonable.同位语从句同位语从句 定语从句定语从句 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。专题专练专题专练1. Do you think such a place _ you speak of is worth visiting?2.He promised to come to see me on purpose on Sunday, _ I doubt very much. 3. There is a lake near our schoolyard, _ depth is out of your expectation. 4. -Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper?5.- Well, anything is Ok for me. 6.5. The house in _ he used to live has turned into a library. as which whose that which 6. Students in our school, most of _ are from the south of China, enjoy rice very much.7. Can you think of a situation _ this idiom is used?8. _ is often the case, teachers in our school usually return to school on Sunday evenings. 9. Which is the road _ leads to the village _ you were born?10. The newcomer is from Jiangxi, _ I can tell from his accent. whom where As that where which = in which 1. Ill never forget the days _ we worked together.2. Ill never forget the days _ _we spent together.3. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.when /in whichwhichwhere/ in which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词4. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5. This is the reason _ he was late. 6. This is the reason _ _ he gave. whichwhy/ for whichthat/which及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词Thank you