Manufacturing Process Considerations 零件的结构工艺性Casting structureCasting structure 铸件结构铸件结构Common machining structuresCommon machining structures机加工常见结构机加工常见结构Structure of drill holeStructure of drill hole钻孔结构钻孔结构 请点击相应标题显示其内容请点击相应标题显示其内容请点击相应标题显示其内容请点击相应标题显示其内容零件的结构工艺性课件 Casting structure 铸件结构Sand box cover Overflow Pouring Sand box cover Overflow Pouring headhead 上砂箱上砂箱 冒口冒口 浇口浇口1. Draft 起模斜度起模斜度起模斜度起模斜度: : : : The The 1 1 2020（ 3 3 ）draft draft along along the the drawing drawing direction direction of of the the pattern pattern facilitates facilitates to to take take out out the the pattern pattern while while molding.molding. 铸铸铸铸件件件件造造造造型型型型时时时时，为为为为便便便便于于于于取取取取出出出出木木木木模模模模，沿沿沿沿脱脱脱脱模模模模方方方方向向向向的的的的表表表表面面面面做做做做出出出出1 1 1 1 20202020（3333）的起模斜度。）的起模斜度。）的起模斜度。）的起模斜度。请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容If If the the draft draft is is very very small, small, it it can can be be omitted, omitted, If If necessary, necessary, it it can can be be included included in in technical.technical.起起起起模模模模斜斜斜斜度度度度较较较较小小小小时时时时, , , , 在在在在图图图图中中中中一一一一般般般般不不不不画画画画出出出出, , , , 必必必必要要要要时时时时可可可可注注注注写写写写在技术要求中。在技术要求中。在技术要求中。在技术要求中。Sand Sand box box 下砂箱下砂箱 Model Model 模型模型 Cavity Cavity 型腔型腔SandSand型砂型砂零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件2. 2. Fillets in castings Fillets in castings 铸造圆角铸造圆角铸造圆角铸造圆角: : : : There must be a radius where two surfaces meet, in There must be a radius where two surfaces meet, in order to avoid sand drops while removing the mould and order to avoid sand drops while removing the mould and shrinkage cavity and shrinkage crack while cooling. shrinkage cavity and shrinkage crack while cooling. 在铸在铸在铸在铸件表面相交处应有圆角件表面相交处应有圆角件表面相交处应有圆角件表面相交处应有圆角, , , ,以免以免以免以免脱模时砂型落砂脱模时砂型落砂脱模时砂型落砂脱模时砂型落砂, , , ,同时防止铸件冷却时产生裂纹或缩孔。同时防止铸件冷却时产生裂纹或缩孔。同时防止铸件冷却时产生裂纹或缩孔。同时防止铸件冷却时产生裂纹或缩孔。Machine symbol Machine symbol 机加工符号机加工符号机加工符号机加工符号请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容 Casting structure 铸件结构 The The intersection intersection line line is is needed needed in in order order to to distinguish distinguish the the various various surfaces. surfaces. The The one one we we have have provided provided is is called called run-out run-out line. line. The The representation representation of of a a transition transition line line is is similar similar to to that that of of intersection intersection line. line. The The only only difference difference is is that that the the end end of of the the run-out run-out line line is is not not connected connected with with the the contour contour line line of of the the radius, radius, and and the the line line style style is is a a thin thin solid solid line.line. 为为为为了了了了区区区区分分分分不不不不同同同同形形形形体体体体的的的的表表表表面面面面, , , ,仍仍仍仍要要要要画画画画出出出出相相相相贯贯贯贯线线线线, , , ,这这这这种种种种相相相相贯贯贯贯线线线线称称称称为为为为过过过过渡渡渡渡线线线线。过过过过渡渡渡渡线线线线的的的的画画画画法法法法和相贯线相同和相贯线相同和相贯线相同和相贯线相同, , , ,只是其端点处不与圆角轮廓线接触只是其端点处不与圆角轮廓线接触只是其端点处不与圆角轮廓线接触只是其端点处不与圆角轮廓线接触, , , ,且线型为细实线。且线型为细实线。且线型为细实线。且线型为细实线。零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件3. 3. Wall thickness Wall thickness 铸件的壁厚铸件的壁厚铸件的壁厚铸件的壁厚: : : : To avoid shrinkage cavity and shrinkage crack caused by To avoid shrinkage cavity and shrinkage crack caused by different different cooling speeds. During the design phase, it is a must to cooling speeds. During the design phase, it is a must to maintain uniform maintain uniform wall thickness or a smooth. One must avoid unequal designs wall thickness or a smooth. One must avoid unequal designs such as thickness abrupt varying or local thick partial areas. such as thickness abrupt varying or local thick partial areas. 为防止浇铸零件为防止浇铸零件为防止浇铸零件为防止浇铸零件时时时时, ,由于壁厚不匀而冷却速度不同产生的缩孔和裂纹由于壁厚不匀而冷却速度不同产生的缩孔和裂纹由于壁厚不匀而冷却速度不同产生的缩孔和裂纹由于壁厚不匀而冷却速度不同产生的缩孔和裂纹, , 在设计铸件在设计铸件在设计铸件在设计铸件时时时时, , 应使壁厚尽量均匀或逐渐过渡应使壁厚尽量均匀或逐渐过渡应使壁厚尽量均匀或逐渐过渡应使壁厚尽量均匀或逐渐过渡, , 以避免壁厚突变或局部肥大的以避免壁厚突变或局部肥大的以避免壁厚突变或局部肥大的以避免壁厚突变或局部肥大的不匀现象。不匀现象。不匀现象。不匀现象。Dedectivness 有缺陷有缺陷有缺陷有缺陷Defectivness 有缺陷有缺陷有缺陷有缺陷请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容Smooth transition 平滑过渡平滑过渡平滑过渡平滑过渡 Casting structure 铸件结构Maintain uniform wall thickness壁厚均匀壁厚均匀壁厚均匀壁厚均匀零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件1. 1. Boss club and recessed surface Boss club and recessed surface 凸台与凹坑凸台与凹坑凸台与凹坑凸台与凹坑： Usually, all surfaces mounted on other parts need to Usually, all surfaces mounted on other parts need to be machined. The boss or recessed surface is added to be machined. The boss or recessed surface is added to keep good contact between the surfaces of two parts and keep good contact between the surfaces of two parts and to reduce the machining area and manufacturing cost. to reduce the machining area and manufacturing cost. 零件上凡与其他零件接触的表面一般都要加工，为了保证两零零件上凡与其他零件接触的表面一般都要加工，为了保证两零零件上凡与其他零件接触的表面一般都要加工，为了保证两零零件上凡与其他零件接触的表面一般都要加工，为了保证两零件表面的良好接触，同时减少加工面积，以降低制造费用，在件表面的良好接触，同时减少加工面积，以降低制造费用，在件表面的良好接触，同时减少加工面积，以降低制造费用，在件表面的良好接触，同时减少加工面积，以降低制造费用，在零件的需接触表面处常设计成凸台、凹坑的形式。零件的需接触表面处常设计成凸台、凹坑的形式。零件的需接触表面处常设计成凸台、凹坑的形式。零件的需接触表面处常设计成凸台、凹坑的形式。请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容凸台凹坑高度不一致凸台凹坑高度不一致凸台凹坑高度不一致凸台凹坑高度不一致, , , ,导致导致导致导致加工调刀工时费、成本高加工调刀工时费、成本高加工调刀工时费、成本高加工调刀工时费、成本高Common machining structures 机加工常见结构One must avoid unequal One must avoid unequal designsdesigns 应避免凸台凹坑高度不一致应避免凸台凹坑高度不一致应避免凸台凹坑高度不一致应避免凸台凹坑高度不一致零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件2. Chamfer and round 倒角与圆角倒角与圆角倒角与圆角倒角与圆角: : : : To eliminate burrs and flashes in order to prevent human To eliminate burrs and flashes in order to prevent human hands from cutting and to facilitate mounting, the ends of hands from cutting and to facilitate mounting, the ends of both the shaft and the hole usually need to be chamfered.both the shaft and the hole usually need to be chamfered.为了去除零件的毛刺、锐边，以防止划伤人手和便于装配，在轴为了去除零件的毛刺、锐边，以防止划伤人手和便于装配，在轴为了去除零件的毛刺、锐边，以防止划伤人手和便于装配，在轴为了去除零件的毛刺、锐边，以防止划伤人手和便于装配，在轴和孔的端部通常需加工出倒角。和孔的端部通常需加工出倒角。和孔的端部通常需加工出倒角。和孔的端部通常需加工出倒角。Avoid cracksAvoid cracks避免避免避免避免断裂断裂断裂断裂 That is, the sharp edge of shaft end is cut by a conical cutting That is, the sharp edge of shaft end is cut by a conical cutting tool with a tool with a 4545 degree apex angle. degree apex angle. 即用一锥顶角为即用一锥顶角为即用一锥顶角为即用一锥顶角为45454545的圆锥刀头切的圆锥刀头切的圆锥刀头切的圆锥刀头切除其端部锐边。除其端部锐边。除其端部锐边。除其端部锐边。请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容Common machining structures 机加工常见结构C22C2An arc transition usually remains at the shaft shoulder, which is An arc transition usually remains at the shaft shoulder, which is called round, in order to avoid cracks caused by pressure called round, in order to avoid cracks caused by pressure concentration. concentration. 在轴肩处，常常制成圆弧过渡，即圆角，以避免因应力在轴肩处，常常制成圆弧过渡，即圆角，以避免因应力在轴肩处，常常制成圆弧过渡，即圆角，以避免因应力在轴肩处，常常制成圆弧过渡，即圆角，以避免因应力集中而产生裂纹。集中而产生裂纹。集中而产生裂纹。集中而产生裂纹。零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件Common machining structures 机加工常见结构Undercut退刀槽退刀槽UndercutUndercut退刀槽退刀槽Grinding undercutGrinding undercut砂轮越程槽砂轮越程槽Grinding undercut砂轮越程槽砂轮越程槽Grinding surfaceGrinding surface精磨表面精磨表面Grinding surfaceGrinding surface精磨表面精磨表面3. Escape and grinding undercut 螺纹退刀槽和砂轮越程槽螺纹退刀槽和砂轮越程槽螺纹退刀槽和砂轮越程槽螺纹退刀槽和砂轮越程槽: : : : An escape, grinding or traveling limit undercut needs to be produced at An escape, grinding or traveling limit undercut needs to be produced at the end of the surface to be machined, in order to easily withdraw the the end of the surface to be machined, in order to easily withdraw the cutter or grinding wheel while tapping or grinding external diameter. cutter or grinding wheel while tapping or grinding external diameter. 在在在在车削螺纹或磨外圆时车削螺纹或磨外圆时车削螺纹或磨外圆时车削螺纹或磨外圆时, ,为便于退刀为便于退刀为便于退刀为便于退刀或使用砂轮或使用砂轮或使用砂轮或使用砂轮, , 需要在待加工面末端先切出退刀槽或砂轮越程槽需要在待加工面末端先切出退刀槽或砂轮越程槽需要在待加工面末端先切出退刀槽或砂轮越程槽需要在待加工面末端先切出退刀槽或砂轮越程槽。请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容The dimension of the escape is identified as widthThe dimension of the escape is identified as width depth or depth or widthwidth diameter. diameter. 退刀槽及越程槽的尺寸注成退刀槽及越程槽的尺寸注成退刀槽及越程槽的尺寸注成退刀槽及越程槽的尺寸注成“宽度宽度宽度宽度深度深度深度深度” ” ” ” 或或或或“宽度宽度宽度宽度直径直径直径直径”。零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件 The axis of the drill should be perpendicular to the surface The axis of the drill should be perpendicular to the surface to be drilled, in order to ensure correct drilling position and to be drilled, in order to ensure correct drilling position and prevent the drill from breaking caused by unequal impact prevent the drill from breaking caused by unequal impact force. force. 用钻头钻孔时，为保证钻孔位置准确和避免钻头因受力不用钻头钻孔时，为保证钻孔位置准确和避免钻头因受力不用钻头钻孔时，为保证钻孔位置准确和避免钻头因受力不用钻头钻孔时，为保证钻孔位置准确和避免钻头因受力不均而折断，应使钻头轴线垂直于被钻孔零件的表面。均而折断，应使钻头轴线垂直于被钻孔零件的表面。均而折断，应使钻头轴线垂直于被钻孔零件的表面。均而折断，应使钻头轴线垂直于被钻孔零件的表面。请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容Structure of drill hole 钻孔结构 The intersection point where the hole and the oblique plane meet is The intersection point where the hole and the oblique plane meet is necessary to set to platform and notch structure. If the angle between necessary to set to platform and notch structure. If the angle between the drill and the oblique plane is larger than the drill and the oblique plane is larger than 60,60, one can drill the hole one can drill the hole directly. directly. 在与孔轴线倾斜的表面处在与孔轴线倾斜的表面处在与孔轴线倾斜的表面处在与孔轴线倾斜的表面处, , , ,常需设计出平台或凹坑结构常需设计出平台或凹坑结构常需设计出平台或凹坑结构常需设计出平台或凹坑结构, , , ,但当钻头与倾但当钻头与倾但当钻头与倾但当钻头与倾斜面的夹角大于斜面的夹角大于斜面的夹角大于斜面的夹角大于60606060时时时时, , , ,也可以直接钻孔。也可以直接钻孔。也可以直接钻孔。也可以直接钻孔。零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件本 小 节 结 束谢谢您的认真学习！退出退出退出退出前一页前一页前一页前一页零件的结构工艺性课件 Casting structure 铸件结构不与轮廓线接触不与轮廓线接触不与轮廓线接触不与轮廓线接触在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键 “ “ “ “暂停暂停暂停暂停”或再次或再次或再次或再次“播放播放播放播放”零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件 Casting structure 铸件结构在切点附近断开在切点附近断开在切点附近断开在切点附近断开在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键 “ “ “ “暂停暂停暂停暂停”或再次或再次或再次或再次“播放播放播放播放”零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件 Casting structure 铸件结构在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键 “ “ “ “暂停暂停暂停暂停”或再次或再次或再次或再次“播放播放播放播放”零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件 Casting structure 铸件结构在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键 “ “ “ “暂停暂停暂停暂停”或再次或再次或再次或再次“播放播放播放播放”零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件Common machining structures 机加工常见结构零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件请请请请点点点点击击击击鼠鼠鼠鼠标标标标左左左左键键键键显显显显示示示示后后后后面面面面内内内内容容容容Grinding surface by grinding wheelGrinding surface by grinding wheel 砂轮正在精磨工件的表面砂轮正在精磨工件的表面砂轮正在精磨工件的表面砂轮正在精磨工件的表面Common machining structures 机加工常见结构零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件Structure of drill hole 钻孔结构 Surface structure of the drill hole 钻孔的表面结构钻孔的表面结构钻孔的表面结构钻孔的表面结构 Representation of the hole and dimension of a drill Representation of the hole and dimension of a drill 钻孔的尺寸标注钻孔的尺寸标注钻孔的尺寸标注钻孔的尺寸标注零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件Grinding external diameter by grinding wheelGrinding external diameter by grinding wheel 砂轮正在精磨斜齿轴的外圆面砂轮正在精磨斜齿轴的外圆面砂轮正在精磨斜齿轴的外圆面砂轮正在精磨斜齿轴的外圆面Grinding undercutGrinding undercut砂轮越程槽砂轮越程槽砂轮越程槽砂轮越程槽Common machining structures 机加工常见结构零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件在图片上点击鼠标左键可以在图片上点击鼠标左键可以在图片上点击鼠标左键可以在图片上点击鼠标左键可以“暂停暂停暂停暂停”或再次或再次或再次或再次“播放播放播放播放”零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件在图片上点击鼠标左键可以在图片上点击鼠标左键可以在图片上点击鼠标左键可以在图片上点击鼠标左键可以“暂停暂停暂停暂停”或再次或再次或再次或再次“播放播放播放播放”零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件在图片上点击鼠标左键可以在图片上点击鼠标左键可以在图片上点击鼠标左键可以在图片上点击鼠标左键可以“暂停暂停暂停暂停”或再次或再次或再次或再次“播放播放播放播放”零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件在在在在图图图图片片片片上上上上点点点点击击击击鼠鼠鼠鼠标标标标左左左左键键键键可可可可以以以以“暂暂暂暂停停停停”或或或或再再再再次次次次“播播播播放放放放”零件的结构工艺性课件零件的结构工艺性课件