中考复习中考复习By Zhang Jun 简单的说简单的说 , , 宾语从句就是一个宾语从句就是一个 或是几个从句或是几个从句充当主句中的宾语成分。充当主句中的宾语成分。说明白了吗？说明白了吗？?基本概念：宾语从句的类型宾语从句的类型1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesntknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.注意注意:在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句子中，在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句子中，that引导的引导的从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个it作形式上的宾语。作形式上的宾语。(但是，有但是，有时时it也可以省略）也可以省略）e.gWeallthoughtitapitythatshecouldntcome.Itookhiswordforitthathewouldtryhisbesttohelpus.（他说（他说他要想一切办法帮我们，我相信他说的是真话。）他要想一切办法帮我们，我相信他说的是真话。）Itakeitthatwearetoleaveearly.（我想我们动身是会很早的。）（我想我们动身是会很早的。） 2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idontknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.主要类型之三主要类型之三由由that引引导：（：（在口在口语或非正式文体中常省略或非正式文体中常省略）e.gHeknew(that)heshouldworkhard.Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheHeadmaster.注意：注意：在某些句型中，特在某些句型中，特别是是带复合复合宾语的句子中，的句子中，that引引导的从句的从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个常常移到后面去，前面用一个it作形式上的作形式上的宾语。(但是，有但是，有时it也可以省略）也可以省略）e.gWeallthoughtitapitythatshecouldntcome.Itookhiswordforitthathewouldtryhisbesttohelpus.（他他说他要想一切他要想一切办法帮我法帮我们，我相信他，我相信他说的是真的是真话。）。）Itakeitthatwearetoleaveearly.（我想我我想我们动身是会很早身是会很早的。）的。）注意情况之一注意情况之一引引导词：1.由由陈述句述句变来的来的宾语从句，用从句，用连词that等引等引导，并，并且在口且在口语中常常省略此中常常省略此词：e.gHesaid（that）hehadanewdictionary.Iknow(that)Lucycanplayfootballverywell.但是，如果但是，如果that引引导的是几个表示并列关系的的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句从句时，最后一个，最后一个that不能省略。不能省略。e.gIknow(that)TomcomesfromFranceandthatheteachesinGuilinnow.2.由一般疑由一般疑问句句转换而来的而来的宾语从句，用从句，用whether或或if引引导，并且两并且两词可以互用。但是可以互用。但是whether可以和可以和ornot连用，而用，而if不能。不能。e.gIwanttoknowwhether(if)shestilllivesthere.Pleasetellmewhetheryoucancomeornot.3.由特殊疑由特殊疑问句句变来的来的宾语从句，由特殊疑从句，由特殊疑问词who、whom、whose、which、when、where、why、how等等引引导。e.gIdontknowwhosebookitis.Theteacheraskedwhatwashappening.DoyouknowwhereourEnglishteacherlives?Hewantedtoknowwhyyoucanplaythepianosowell.注意情况之二注意情况之二语句的顺序语句的顺序 ： 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语陈述句的语序，即是序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。的顺序。 e.ge.g : : Could you tell me how Could you tell me how I canI can get to the get to the Science Museum ?Science Museum ? He asked him where He asked him where he camehe came from . from . Did you know Did you know what whats s the name of the handsome the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterdayboy in the classroom yesterday？ Please tell me where Please tell me where I canI can buy the beautiful buy the beautiful flower .flower .注意情况之三注意情况之三时态的变化时态的变化 1.1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。 e.ge.g I hear ( that ) Tom has been to I hear ( that ) Tom has been to GuilinGuilin twice . twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。 e.ge.g He He said said ( that ) he ( that ) he would gowould go to to XiXianan . . He He said said ( that ) he ( that ) he was illwas ill yesterday . yesterday . He He saidsaid ( that ) he ( that ) he was readingwas reading a book . a book . He He said said ( that ) he ( that ) he had hadhad had supper already . supper already . 3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。 e.ge.g He He saidsaid that the sun that the sun is is much bigger than the much bigger than the moon .moon . The teacher The teacher toldtold the students that no news the students that no news isis good news .good news . The PE teacher The PE teacher said said that doing morning exercise that doing morning exercise is is useful to our health .useful to our health .注意情况之四标点符号：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.gHeaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.DoyouknowwhereLiPingis?Pleasetellmewhatcoloryoulikebest.Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare?注意情况之五注意情况之五宾语从句的否定形式宾语从句的否定形式：一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是但若主句谓语动词是think、expect、believe、guess、imagine、suppose等表示等表示“认为，猜想认为，猜想”的心里活动的词时，一般要把宾的心里活动的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中，即否定提前语从句中的否定式转移到主句中，即否定提前e.gIdontthinkitsgoingtorain.Idontbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney.但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是hope，则不适用于此规则。则不适用于此规则。e.gIhopehewontcome.注意情况之六注意情况之六宾语从句中的特殊情形宾语从句中的特殊情形：在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：1.句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用该用“asksb.todosth.”的句式。的句式。e.gDontopenthedoor.（用用they作主语变为宾语从句）作主语变为宾语从句）Theyasknottoopenthedoor.2.代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。该考虑代词的变化。e.g“IcomefromCanada”,Lucysays.LucysaysthatshecomesfromCanada.3.若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是语序。具体如下：当助动词是does或或did时，要去掉助动词，并把时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。e.gIaskedTom,“Whatdoyoulikebest?”IaskedTomwhathelikedbest.Theteacheraskedme:“Haveyoureadthebook?”TheteacheraskedmeifIhavereadthebook.Heasked,“Whocancarrythebox?”Heaskedwhocouldcarrythebox.专专项项训训练练1 1、Do you know how much hot water _ ?Do you know how much hot water _ ?AMumisneededBdoesMumneedCMumneedsDdidMumneed你答错了，再试试吧！恭喜你，答对了！2、Canyoutellme_?AwhereheisBwhereisheCheiswhereDwhatishe3、Ididntknowhow_toLondon?AwouldtheygoBaretheygoingCtheywouldgoDtheyaregoing你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！恭喜你，答对了！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！恭喜你，答对了！你答错了，再试试吧！一、单项选择一、单项选择4、Iwanttoknowhowlong_.AhashebeenbackBhashecomebackChehasbeenbackDhehascomeback5、Doyouknow_?AwhatthenewsareBwhatisthenewsCwhatthenewsisDwhatarethenews6._istruethatshemayfallbehindtheothers.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！恭喜你，答对了！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！恭喜你，答对了！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！恭喜你，答对了！你答错了，再试试吧！7.Theforeignfriendsthink_theChinesepeopleareveryfriendly.A.thatB.ifC.sinceD.because8.Idliketoknow_Chinese.A.whenhebegantolearnB.whendidhebegintolearnC.whendidhebeginlearningD.forhowlonghebegantolearn9.Theteacheraskedus_theclassroomafterschool.A.cleanedB.cleanC.tocleanD.cleans恭喜你，答对了！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！恭喜你，答对了！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！你答错了，再试试吧！恭喜你，答对了！你答错了，再试试吧！1.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey_(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)6.Heaskedwhatthey_ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou_abouttherelayracenow.(talk)9.Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be) will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing10.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth_(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do) wrote moves has taken has been risesdid将将下列句子合并为一句下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. 7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. 专项练习专项练习1、Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater?AMumisneededBdoesMumneedCMumneedsDdidMumneed2、Canyoutellme?AwhereheisBwhereisheCheiswhereDwhatishe3、IdidntknowhowtoLondon?AwouldtheygoBaretheygoingCtheywouldgoDtheyaregoing4、IwanttoknowhowlongAhashebeenbackBhashecomebackChehasbeenbackDhehascomeback5、Doyouknow?AwhatthenewsareBwhatisthenewsCwhatthenewsisDwhatarethenews6.-istruethatshemayfallbehindtheothers.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It7.Theforeignfriendsthink-theChinesepeopleareveryfriendly.A.thatB.ifC.sinceD.because8.Idliketoknow-Chinese.A.whenhebegantolearnB.whendidhebegintolearnC.whendidhebeginlearningD.forhowlonghebegantolearn9.Theteacheraskedus-theclassroomafterschool.A.cleanedB.cleanC.tocleanD.cleans参考答案：参考答案：CACCCDAAC二、汉译英二、汉译英1、我认为玛丽不回来了。IdontthinkMary_.2、我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。Iwanttoknow_thereisatraintoBeijing.3、叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Unclesaidthathe_anewnovel.4、杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jacksaidhe_somethingimportanttodo.Bye-Bye2010年年1月月