GrammarUnit 2 Robots231、掌握和应用动词不定式的被动语态。2、活学活用，提升语法理解能力。3、培养解决难题的能力。首先通过下定义、列表格、举例子等形式让学生们充分理解和掌握动词不定式的语法规则。在此基础上让学生通过观察图片造句子，并填空，活学活用。最后精选一些习题让学生当堂完成，进行检测。 本节课是非谓语动词中的不定式，不定式是高考的重点和难点，也是书面表达中常用的句型，鉴于此，本节课采用讲练结合的形式，力争把不定式这个知识点讲透。不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态不不定定式式有有时时态态和和语语态态的的变变化化，时时态态共共四四种种，即即一一般般式式、完完成成式式、进进行行式式和和完完成成进进行行式式。语语态态分分为为主主动动语语态和被动语态，如下表所示。态和被动语态，如下表所示。不定式被动式讲与练不定式被动式讲与练语态 时态主主动语态被被动语态一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have done to have been done进行式行式 to be doing/完成完成进行式行式 to have been doing/当当动动词词不不定定式式的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是动动词词不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作的的执执行行者者时时用用主主动动语语态态；当当动动词词不不定定式式的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是动动词词不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作的的承承受受者者时时用用被被动动语语态态。进进行行式式和和完完成成进进行式没有被动语态。行式没有被动语态。一一般般现现在在时时表表示示的的动动词词,有有时时与与谓谓语语动动词词表表示示的的动动作作同同时时发发生生，有有时时发发生生在在谓谓语语动词的动作之后。动词的动作之后。 1)He seems to know this. 2)I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 1.现在时 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 1) Im sorry to have given you so muchtrouble. 2) He seems to have caught a cold. 强调动作已在延续或动作正在进行。强调动作已在延续或动作正在进行。 1)They seem to be getting along well with their new jobs. 2) He seems to be eating something.2.完成时3.进行时 表表示示动动作作是是在在谓谓语语动动词词所所表表示示的的动动作作之之前就一直在进行。前就一直在进行。 1)They are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years. 2)He appears to have been waiting a long time. 4.完成进行时不定式的被动形式有下列用法不定式的被动形式有下列用法: :(1) (1) 作主语：作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.(2) (2) 作宾语：作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一一 . .当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。用被动形式。(3) (3) 构成复合宾语：构成复合宾语： 1)He wanted the letter to be typed at once. 2)She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4) (4) 构成复合谓语：构成复合谓语： The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.(5) (5) 作定语作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be heldin the teachers office?(6) (6) 作状语作状语：She was too young to be assigned suchwork.二二、不不定定式式有有时时还还可可以以有有完完成成式式的的被被动动式式，在在句句中中作作主主语语、宾宾语语、定定语语，或或者者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：1)It is a good thing for him to have beencriticized.（主语）（主语）2)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. ( (宾语宾语) )3)He thought it an honour to have beeninvited to the party. （复合宾语）（复合宾语）4)The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages. （复合谓语）复合谓语）5)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）（定语） 三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1. 在在there be结构中。结构中。例如：例如：1）There is a lot of homework to do (也可用也可用to be done)2）There is no time to lose (to be lost).常用的形容词有常用的形容词有: easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。等。例如：例如：1）He is hard to convince.2）He is an impossible person to work with2. 在在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构中。结构中。3. 在在“tooto do; enoughto”结构中。结构中。例如：例如：1)The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)2)The house is big enough to live in.4. 在在“with+n+to do”结构中。结构中。例如：例如：1)With nothing to do, he lay in bed2)With so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema5. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 例如：例如： 1）I have a letter to type today 2）Do you have anything to say?(I是是to type的逻辑主语的逻辑主语) (you是是to say的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)6. 当不定式隐含在当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。结构中时。1)This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)2)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有常见的这类动词有let(出租出租), rent,hire, blame等。等。1)The house is to let2)I felt I was to blame.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。例如：用主动语态形式来表示。例如：1）I have three motors to repair today.2）The task is difficult to finish on time.1. The dishes need 2. The mail is intended Sentence makingwashsendto be washed. to be sent. 3. The singer refused4. The house isphotographsellto be photographed. to be sold. 5. The wall is expectedpaintto be painted. frighten6. The bird seemsto be frightened.1. She hates _ by her classmates.2. Tim refused _ by his father to school. 3. She struggled _ by the French visitors. to be accompaniedto be understoodFill in the blanksaccompany understand envylaughed at discuss testto be laughed at4. These are the issues _ tomorrow.5. The new drug is _ out on 500 patients next year.6. She was very beautiful but she didnt like _ by all the girls she met. to be testedto be enviedto be discussedaccompany understand envylaughed at discuss test1. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned2. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served3. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _ well and _ already. A. sell, have been sold out B. sold, had sold out C. sell, sell out D. are sold, have been sold out4. The train _ arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late. A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain to5. This dictionary mustnt _ from the library. A. take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away6. My shoes _ . I went out for a new pair. A. is worn out B. wore out C. were worn off D. were worn out 7. That kind of shirts _ cotton. A. is made from B. are made from C. is made of D. are made of8. Rice _ in South China. A. growing B. is grown C. are grown D. is grow9. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed10. The teacher told his students that they _ to be useful men to the country. A. were all expected B. were all expecting C. all were expected D. all expected11. Some of the hotels in my hometown _. A. have now been rebuilding B. are now rebuilding C. are now being rebuilt D. are rebuilt now