第四章第四章 动词和时态动词和时态第一节第一节 动动 词词 知识梳理知识梳理一、动词的概念与分类动词是句子中表示动作或者状态的词。根据动词的词义和在句中的作用，可以将动词划分为如下几类：二、动词的基本形式1. 情态动词:没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。如： I can play basketball well. Mike can speak Chinese. 2. be动词:根据人称和时态的不同，呈现不同形式。 如：现在时： I am very happy today. Mike is an American boy. They are playing in the snow. 过去时： He was in Grade 3 last year. We were at home yesterday. 将来时： There will be a match between Class 1and Class 2 tomorrow. 3. 助动词:不能单独在句中使用，在句中的作用是帮助构成否定、疑问等句式。如： We do not (dont) have classes on Saturdays. My father does not (doesnt) work in the hospital. Did you go swimming last weekend? 4. 实义动词:小学阶段所学的实义动词有四种形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词形式(动词的ing形式)和过去式形式。 如: (1)动词第三人称单数形式的构成一般情况下，在动词词尾加s。如：workworks，looklooks，wantwants以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的动词，在词尾加es。如：teachteaches，washwashes，dress(装扮)dresses，fix(安装)fixes，gogoes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i，再加es。如：flyflies，crycries【注】playplays, buybuys不规则变化。如：havehas，beis (2)动词现在分词形式的构成一般情况下，在动词词尾加ing。如：gogoing，playplaying以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加ing。如：writewriting，comecoming以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写最后这个辅音字母再加ing。如：runrunning，swimswimming，shop shopping以ie结尾的动词，将ie改为y，再加ing。如： diedying，lielying (3)动词过去式的构成一般情况下，在动词词尾加ed。如：workworked，playplayed等 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，在词尾加d。如：closeclosed，arrivearrived 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i，再加ed。如：crycried，studystudied 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写最后这个辅音字母再加ed。如：stopstopped，dropdropped动词的不规则变化(见下表)考点精析考点精析考点考点1 考查动词的变化形式考查动词的变化形式【例1】根据句意和单词首字母提示填写动词，并注意其动词的形式。 1.Can you s English songs? 2.She usually g to school at 7:00. 3.Look!Amy is w TV. 4.I c my room last night. 解析:本题考查动词基本形式的写法和用法。在做此题时，不仅要考虑主语的人称，还要注意句子的时态，这样才能根据句意和首字母提示填写出动词的正确形式。第1小题应填写动词原形sing，因为情态动词can后要加动词原形。第2小题的主语是第三人称，句子又是陈述习惯性的动作。谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式goes。第3小题中的look一词提示了本题要用现在进行时，所以要用现在分词watching。第4题由last night 这一时间状语可知本题要用一般过去时，所以谓语动词应填过去式cleaned。 答案： 1. sing 2. goes 3. watching 4. cleaned举一反三 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.The cat _ (run) around the tree. 2.They are _(clean) their classroom. 3.I _(have) a cold last week. 4.Dont _ (talk) loudly in the library. 5.My mother _(make) a big cake last month. 6.What _(do) she do last night? 7.My aunt often _ (go) shopping on Sundays. 8.Sarah _(buy) a red bag yesterday.runscleaninghadtalkmadedidgoesbought考点考点2 考查助动词、考查助动词、be动词的使用动词的使用 【例2】 选择适当的助动词填空。1. He not do homework on Friday evening. 2. you have crayons? 3. Tom not read English this morning. 解析: 本题考查学生对助动词 do的三种形式的正确运用。第1小题中on Friday evening 是常态，用一般现在时，而主语he 是三单形式，所以用一般现在时的三单形式 does; 第2小题 you 是非三单形式，用do；第3小题中this morning 表示过去的时间，且过去式不受人称影响，故用did。答案：1. does 2. Do 3. did举一反三 1. 用be动词的适当形式填空。 (1) I _ in Grade Six this year. Last year， I _ in Grade Five. (2) There _ many tall buildings here now. Twenty years ago， there _ some small houses. (3) Mike and Jack _ twin brothers. They look the same. (4) I want to _ a teacher in the future. 2. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 (1) _(will) you like some tea？ (2) _ (do) he watch TV last night？ amwasarewerearebeWouldDid考点考点3 考查情态动词的使用考查情态动词的使用【例3】单项填空。 ( )He _ read the book now. A.is can B.cans C. can解析:本题考查情态动词的正确使用。情态动词can的用法很容易混淆。can和be动词或其他的助动词不能同时出现在句中；can不受人称的影响，故不存在cans的形式；在本题中还要分析清楚，now不表示现在进行时。 答案：C举一反三 1. 选词填空。 (1)_ I use your pen？ (2)What _ I do then？ (3)You _ be a middle school student. (4)We _ do something for Grandpa Li. (5) _ we go now？ ShallMay/Canshouldmustcan 2. 按要求完成下列各题。 (1) I can speak Chinese and English well. (改成否定句) _ (2) 当你想提醒朋友，让他周末要帮助妈妈做家务时，你可以说： _ _ (3) 你想告诉想要闯红灯的人，红灯必须停，你应该说： _You must stop at a red light.I cant speak Chinese or English well.You should do some housework for your mother on weekends.考点考点4 考查动词的综合运用考查动词的综合运用【例4】用read的适当形式填空。1. You can (read) the book in the library. 2. She (read) a book now. 3. Can I (read) this book now? 4. My father (read) newspapers every morning. 5. Did you （read）the comic book? Yes, I （read）it yesterday. 解析:本题围绕一个词read 展开，考查了不同时态、不同人称情况下，实义动词的用法。第1小题中can+原形动词；第2小题now表示的是现在，体现现在进行时，she 是三单形式，故而 be+动词的ing形式是本小题需要的答案；第3小题不管后面出现什么，can+原形动词；第4小题every morning 体现一般现在时，而my father是第三人称，故而动词要用三单形式；第5小题did 之后加动词原形，答句中用过去式形式, read 的过去式和原形同形。 答案:1. read 2. is reading 3. read 4. reads 5. read; read举一反三 1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 (1) We _(like) music. Now we _ (sing). (2) Lets _(go) to the cinema. (3) He _(is) ill yesterday. (4) Can you _clean) the table now？ (5) Do you _ (go) to the park on Saturdays？likeare singinggowascleango 2. 单项填空。 ( ) (1) What did he _ yesterday? A.do B.does C.did ( ) (2) He is _ with his friend. A.talked B.talking C.talksAB ( ) (3) How is he feeling?He _ better. A.feels B.is feel C.is feeling ( ) (4) What are you doing?Im _ dinner. A.cook B.cooks C.cooking ( ) (5) Dont _ TV. A.watch B.watching C.watchesACA过关检测过关检测一、按要求改写下列单词。 1.have（第三人称单数形式）_ 2.do（现在分词）_ 3.slept（动词原形）_ 4.take（动词过去式）_ hasdoingsleeptook 5.come（反义词）_ 6.wash（第三人称单数形式）_ 7.driver（动词形式） _ 8.write（动词过去式）_ 9.sit（动词过去式）_ 10.told（动词原形）_gowashesdrivewrotesattell二、选词填空，将下列短文补充完整。 My name is Sarah.I 1._an American girl but I 2._ in Guangzhou with my parents now. My father is a teacher.He 3._English.He likes 4._ pictures. Usually myfather 5._ to work by car,but yesterday he 6. _ by bus.My mother is a nurse.She 7._ in a big hospital. She often 8._ to work.She 9._ playing baseball very much.We often 10._ it together.am live teachesdrawinggoeswentworkswalkslikesplay三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. _(be) these your shoes? 2. I can _(play) football every day. 3. I want to _(buy) some flowers for my mother. 4. Listen!Who is _(sing) over there? 5. He _(do) morning exercises every morning. 6. _ your mother _(wash) the clothes every day? 7. He _(not teach) English in our school. 8. He _(leave) his homework at home this morning.AreplaybuysingingdoeswashDoesdoesnt teachleft 9. Where _(be) the twins last night? 10. Can I _(watch) TV now? 11. My father likes _(collect) stamps. 12. Joes aunt _(work) in a factory last year. 13. We should _(help) each other. 14. The sun _(rise) in the east. 15. No _(smoke)! 16. _(have) this orange, please. 17. She _(stay) at home today. 18. Jack is good at _(run), and he is _(run) on the playground now.werewatchcollectingworkedhelprisessmokingHavestaysrunningrunning四、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Last term we _(have) eight subjects. We all _(study) very hard. 2. They _(go) to the park next Friday. 3. Its 10:00 in the morning. The pupils _(have) lessons in the classrooms now.hadstudiedwill go / are goingare having 4. My mother _(go) shopping in the morning and _(take) exercise in the afternoon every day. 5. It _(be) always rainy and foggy last weekend, but this week it _(be) much _(good). 6. My brother and my sister _(be not) in China last year. They _(go) to England to _(study) English.goestakeswasisbetterwerentwentstudy 7. Listen! Who _(sing)? Oh, this is Miss Green. She always _(sing) and _(dance) in the music room after school. Next Monday she _ (sing) for us in class. 8. _ your friends _(come) to your birthday party yesterday? Yes, and they _(give) me a lot of birthday presents.is singingsingsdanceswill/is going to singDidcomegave五、单项填空。( )1. Can I _ your bike?Sure.A. ride B. riding C. to ride( )2. My father _ a new car. He _ it very much.A. have; like B. has; likes C. has; likeAB( )3. _ he often _ his homework at school?A. Does; do B. Does; does C. Do; does( )4. What is she doing?She _.A. sings B. will dance C. is tidying her room( )5. I want to go _.A. swim B. to swimming C. swimmingA CC( )6. The sun _ down in the west.A. go B. is going to C. goes( )7. Mary often helps her mum _ the dishes. A. does B. do C. doing ( )8. I enjoy _ to music.A. listen B. listening C. listenedCBB( )9. Father _ on his coat and went out.A. puts B. put C. putting( )10. I _ to the teacher, but I didnt _ him.A. listen; heard B. listened; heard C. listened; hear( )11. He _ after he finishes his homework.A. plays B. is going to play C. played BCB( )12. What _ you _ last weekend? A. will; do B. does; do C. did; do ( )13. Tony _ to school by bike last year.A. goes B. went C. will go( )14. Mr Smith _ to see you in an hour.A. came B. comes C. will comeCBC( )15. How soon _ they _ back from work? A. do; come B. did; come C. will; come ( )16. We _ TV at home this time yesterday afternoon. A. were watching B. watch C. would watch ( )17. Where _ you this morning?I _ at a meeting. A. were; was B. are; am C. do; amCAA( )18. My friend Peter _ very well. A. swim B. running C. sings ( )19. Li Lei _ like fish, but his sister _.A. dont; do B. doesnt; does C. isnt; is( )20. Dont _ in class. Lets _ to the teacher.A. talking; listening B. talks; listens C. talk; listenCBC六、按要求完成下列句子。1.Jenny will be a doctor in the future.（改为一般疑问句）_2.He did his homework last night.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答）_Will Jenny be a doctor in the future?Did he do his homework last night?Yes,he did.3.He is _.（就画线部分提问）_4.Sarah can swim.（改为否定句）_5.My friend and I are going to play baseball next week.（用last week 改写）_What is he doing?listening to musicSarah cant swim.My friend and I played baseball last week.同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全