2024/7/30第二讲数词和主谓一致2024/7/30范围特点实例112无规律one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten,eleven, twelve1319以-teen 为结尾thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen2090以-ty 结尾twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty,ninety2199十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”twenty-five, sixty-two, ninety-nine101999百位与十位之间通常用 andthree hundred and twenty-five(美语中常将 and 省略)千以上/6275six thousand two hundred and seventy-five ；1200twelve hundred数词一、基数词2024/7/30范围特点实例119各基数词尾加-thfourth, sixth, nineteenth(first,second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth,twelfth 例外)2090把 y 变 i 后加-ethtwentieth, fortieth, ninetieth2199最 后 一 个 数 用 序 数词，其余用基数词21sttwenty-first，110thone hundred and tenth二、序数词2024/7/30时间表达汉语示例英语表示法2010 年 6 月 30 日June 30, 2010/30 June, 2010/30th June, 2010七点二十五分(7：25)seven twenty-five/twenty-five past seven十二点五十四分(12：54)twelve fifty four/six to one九点十五分(9：15)nine fifteen/a quarter past nine二点半(2：30)two thirty/half past two二十一点五十分(21：50)twenty-one fifty/ten to twenty-two数字表达第二十一twenty-first第一百二十三one hundred and twenty-third三分之一a third二又五分之二two and two-fifths百分之二十20 percent三、数词的用法1英语中年月日、钟点、序数词、分数、编号、算式表示法列表2024/7/302.hundred, thousand, million, billion 表示确切的数目时，不能加-s。如：two hundred students。如果表示不确切的数目，则在后加-s，并与 of 连用。如： hundreds of teachers, thousands offarmers, millions of stars。3scores of 与 dozens of 都表示概数，意为“数十；许多”。如：scores of eggs (许多个鸡蛋), dozens of eggs (许多个/数打鸡蛋)都是成立的；可以说 a score of eggs，但不能说 a dozen ofeggs。4年代的表示法有两种。如：“在二十世纪八十年代”可写成 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s。2024/7/305“基数词名词”构成的定语，其中的名词用单数。如：a three-month baby, an 800-word composition6序数词前如有 the，表示顺序。如：the Second World War 第二次世界大战the first question 第一个问题如果序数词前有不定冠词 a，则表示“再；又”。如：Ive failed six times, but I decided to have a seventh try.我已经失败了六次，但我决定再尝试一次。2024/7/30原则概念例句语法一致原则指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式Steve Ember is a good player.Children like toys.意义一致原则谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表示的内在涵义。主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；主语表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式My family are having lunch now.News is travelling fast nowadays.就近原则谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语There is a knife and two forks onthe desk.He or you have taken her book.主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的数。一、主谓一致原则一览表2024/7/30二、概念归纳1表时间、距离、金额、重量、数字等的复数名词作“整体”看时，谓语常用单数。如：Two hours is quite enough.两个小时足够了。2以-s 结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数。表学科的名词(physics 等)、书报名(the Times 等)、国名(theUnited States 等)或组织名称(the United Nations 等)及 news 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2024/7/30单复数同形的名词，如 means, works 等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据具体情况而定。如：Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过了。All means have been tried.所有的方法都试过了。the Olympic Games 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。3集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。people, police, cattle, youth 等名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。clothing, furniture, equipment 等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2024/7/30family, class, government 等名词表示整体概念时谓语动词用单数，表单位成员时谓语动词用复数。4 “a number of/a variety of 复数名词”、“the 形容词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of/the variety of复数名词”、“the形容词”作主语指抽象的事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：The beautiful is loved by all.美的事物人人都爱。(表抽象概念)2024/7/305以 and 连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但名词前有 each, every, no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Walking and riding are good exercises.散步与骑车是很好的运动。Each boy and each girl wants to have a holiday.每个男孩与女孩都想要假期。注意：当 and 连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词仍用单数。如：The teacher and writer is popular with his students.那位是作家兼老师，很受学生欢迎。(指同一人)2024/7/306动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但what 引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。如：What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。What we need are books.我们需要的是书籍。7 主语后接 with, together with, including, combined with,along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather than, inaddition to 等构成的介词短语时，谓语动词根据主语的单复数而定。如：John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到责备。2024/7/308在“one of复数名词who/that”引导的定语从句中的谓语动词用复数，但当 one 之前有 the only, very 等修饰时，从句中的谓语动词用单数。如：This is one of the girls who were late for school this morning.她是今天早上上课迟到的女孩之一。This is the only one of the girls who was late for school thismorning.她是唯一一个今天早上上课迟到的女孩。9 glasses, shoes, trousers 等复数名词若其前有 pair, kind,type, box of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词根据量词的单复数而定。如：A pair of shoes is under the bed.床下有一双鞋。2024/7/3010由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/most of名词/代词”或“分数/百分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词视其所接的名词的单复数决定单复数。如：Three-fifths of the books are intended for the poor students. 五分之三的书是为贫困学生准备的。The rest of the money belongs to you.剩下的钱是你的。11由 or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的名词或代词作主语及 there be 结构中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如：Not only we but also the teacher likes listening to MP4.不仅是我们，还有老师也喜欢听 MP4。2024/7/3012不定代词(all 指人除外)、“many a名词单数”、“morethan one单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：All has been finished.所有的都完成了。All are late for the meeting.所有人开会都迟到了。More than one person has made the suggestion.不只一个人提出了建议。