-HowmanystudentswillattendJamescourse?-Isupposetherewillbenotmorethanten,_,foritistooabstract.A.IfsoB.ifpossibleC.ifanyD.ifever_Lisaisalovelyandquietgirl,shecanbeverynaughtyandduifficulttoworkwithsometimes.A.WhileB.AsC.UnlessD.Once-Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.-Sorry,withsomuchwork_mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.FillingC.tofillD.beingfilled非谓语动词非谓语动词分词分词不定式不定式现在分词现在分词doing过去分词过去分词donetodo4.作宾语作宾语3.作定语作定语2.作表语作表语5.作补语作补语V-ing形形式式1.作主语作主语6.作状语作状语参考参考P112V-ed形形式式1.作表语作表语2.作定语作定语3.作宾补作宾补4.作状语作状语1.作主语作主语4.作宾语作宾语一、动名词的形式一、动名词的形式 主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been having been donedone4.作宾语作宾语3.作定语作定语2.作表语作表语5.作补语作补语V-ing形形式式1.作主语作主语6.作状语作状语V-ed形形式式1.作表语作表语2.作定语作定语3.作宾补作宾补4.作状语作状语1.作主语作主语4.作宾语作宾语doing/beingdoneV.-V.-inging 形式形式1.作主语作主语1.Our_(come)madehimhappy.2._(find)moreinformationareimportant.在在改错时注意句型分析，此类改错时注意句型分析，此类题目容易出现在改错题中。题目容易出现在改错题中。1.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeJacksosad?-_hisnewwatch.A.AshelostB.LostB.C.LosingD.BecauseoflosingcomingFindingis你你介意他抽烟吗？介意他抽烟吗？Doyoumindhissmoking二、功能及用法二、功能及用法(作主语作主语)1 1作主语作主语. 动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1)捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的._issomethingweshouldneverdo2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。学习新单词对我来说非常重要。_isveryimportantforme3)说比做容易。说比做容易。_iseasierthandoing.Playing tricks on othersLearning new wordsTalking提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。性物主代词和名词所有格构成。1)我姐姐病了，使我很担心。我姐姐病了，使我很担心。Mysistersbeingillmadeweworried.2)你正确未必就意味着我错了。你正确未必就意味着我错了。Yourbeingrightdoesntnecessarilymean_.my being wrong二、功能及用法二、功能及用法( ( ( (作主语作主语) ) ) )_madehermotherveryangry.A.MarymarriedJimB.MarysmarriedJimC.MarysmarryingJimD.MarrysbeingmarriedJim_makeshimveryhappy.A.TomstakingabroadB.TomwilltakeabroadC.TomsbeingtakenabroadD.Tomwillbetakenabroad=MarysbeingmarriedtoJimThatMaryhadmarriedJimThat注意被动形式的注意被动形式的ingmakeshimveryupsetTomsnotbeingtaken复合结构：复合结构：sbsdoing注意动名词的否定式注意动名词的否定式(sbs)notdoing动名词作主语动名词作主语与与不定式作主语不定式作主语的区别：的区别：动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。定式则通常表示具体的动作。如：如：1)还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。任，也是一种愉悦。Asachild，shefeltthat_wasadutyandapleasure2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。_inanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.二、功能及用法二、功能及用法( ( ( (作主语作主语) ) ) )visiting sick peopleTo be a guest作宾语作宾语动词后动词后介词后介词后on,for,by,about+ing口诀：口诀：MeipscarfM:miss,mindE:escape,enjoy,excuse,ensure(确保确保)，evade(躲避躲避)I:imagine,includeP:practise,pardon,putoffS:suggestC:canthelp(禁不住禁不住)，cantresist(不能抵制不能抵制)，cantstand(无法忍受无法忍受)A:avoid,appreciate,admit(承认承认)R:riskF:finish,fancy,feellike补充：补充：dislike,delaygiveup动词后作宾语动词后作宾语动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannothelp，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannotstand等。等。如：如：1)我不能不去。我不能不去。Icantavoidgoing2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友你是否考虑过找一位挚友?Haveyouconsidered_onespecialfriend?二、功能及用法二、功能及用法(用作宾语用作宾语)looking for3)我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。Wemusttryto_thesamemistake4)晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?Doyou_withmeaftersupper?5)人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。People_foolishman这类动词还有：这类动词还有：excuse，fancy，giveup，putoff，risk等。等。二、功能及用法二、功能及用法(用作宾语用作宾语)avoid repeatingfeel like having a walkcouldnt help laughing at that注意某些注意某些to充当介词的时候：充当介词的时候：payattentionto,bedevotedtogetdownto(着手干着手干),objectto(反对反对),lookforwardto,stickto(坚持坚持),be/getusedto习惯于习惯于其他一些词组其他一些词组leadto(导致导致)insistonwhat(how)aboutfeellikethanksbforapologizetosbfordreamofbebusy(in)doinghavefundoinghavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)doinghaveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)ItsnousedoingTheresnosense/point(in)doing干是无意义的干是无意义的spendasmuchtimesbcandoingIreallyappreciate_backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecallingIcanhardlyimaginePeter_acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.sailingC.tosailD.tohavesailedIcanthelp_(cry)whenIheardthenews.Icanthelp_(clean),becauseIambusynow.cryingtocleanforgetrememberregretstopgoontrymeancanthelp以下词有双重跟法，双重意义以下词有双重跟法，双重意义以下词有三种动词形式以下词有三种动词形式adviseadmitconsiderencourageforbidpermit以下词有双重跟法，意义基本相同以下词有双重跟法，意义基本相同likedislikelovecontinuestart1.Hesuggested_(call)ameetingand_(let)theworkers_(decide)thematterthemselves.2.A:Wouldyouchildrenmind_(keep)quietforamoment?Imtrying_(fill)upaform.B.Itsnouse_(ask)children_(keep)quiet.Theycanthelp_(make)anoise.3.Theydontallow_(smoke)intheauditorium;Theydontwant_(risk)_(set)itonfire,butyoucan_(smoke)inthefoyer(休息室休息室)duringtheinterval.4.Wecantstandhim_(beat)thedesk.5.Icouldntimaginethat_(be)possible.6.Youstillhavealot_(learn)ifyoullforgivemy_(say)so.callinglettingdecidekeepingtofillWhynot_(try)_(boat)?tryboatingaskingItsnouse/gooddoingItsawasteoftimedoinghaveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)doingfeellikedoinghavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)doingtokeepmakingsmokingtorisksettingsmokebeatingbeingtolearnsaying 7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginventedIamconsidering_(go)abroad.Iamconsidered_(go)abroad.Iconsidered_(go)abroad.goingtogogoingconsidersbtodobeconsideredtodoconsiderdoing类似动词：类似动词：forbid,allow,advise,permitWereconsideringEnglishinpairsafterclass.ApractisingspeakingBpractisingtospeakCtopractisespeakingDtopractisetospeakCharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.AtohaveinventedBinventingCtoinventDhavinginventedThere is nothing more I can try _ you to stay,so I wish you good luck.A.being persuaded B. persuadingC. to be persuaded D. to persuadeWhynottrydoingsthYouwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret_that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdoneIregret_(tell)youthatyouvefailedtheexam.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restWhentheteachercamein,theystopped_(talk)totelltalkingShereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedonabigrockbythesideofthepath.AtohaverestedBtestingCtorestDRestWehavetodosomethingtostopwildanimals.Akilling BtobekilledCbeingkilledDtokill Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregretthat.AtodoBtobedoingCtohavedone DhavingdoneTry_thebackdoorifnobodyanswersthefrontdoor.AtoknockatBknockingatCandknockat DandknockingatIshouldsaysorrytohim.Iregret_tohelphimthatday.A.refusingB.torefuseC.refusedD.refuse1)Irememberpostingtheletter我记得我已把信寄了。我记得我已把信寄了。2)Illremembertoposttheletter我会记着去寄信的。我会记着去寄信的。3)Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter_4)Dontforgettowritetoyourmother_5)我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。_6)我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。_二、功能及用法二、功能及用法(用作宾语用作宾语)我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 不要忘了给你母亲写信。不要忘了给你母亲写信。I regret missing the reportI regret to say I cant take your adviceD在在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如之后，意义各不相同，如trytodo(设法设法)，trydoing(试试试试)，meantodo(打算，有意要做打算，有意要做)，meandoing(意思是，意味着意思是，意味着)。如：如：1)我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime2)我们用别的方法做这工作试试。我们用别的方法做这工作试试。Letstrydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway3)Ididntmeantomakeyouangry_4)Yourplanwouldmeanspendinghours_二、功能及用法二、功能及用法(用作宾语用作宾语)我并不想叫你生气。我并不想叫你生气。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。 Egoondoing和和goontodogoondoing继续做一直在做的事；继续做一直在做的事；goontodo接着做另一接着做另一件事。如：件事。如：1)请接着做这同一个练习。请接着做这同一个练习。_thesameexercise2)请做另外一个练习。请做另外一个练习。_theotherexerciseFstopdoing与与stoptodo:Stopdoing停止做，停止做，stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：我们停止了交谈。我们停止了交谈。_我们停了下来去谈话。我们停了下来去谈话。_二、功能及用法二、功能及用法(用作宾语用作宾语)Please go on doingPlease go on to doWe stopped talkingWe stopped to talk3作介词宾语作介词宾语.动名词可与介词一起构成介词短动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。语。A介词介词+动名词，如：动名词，如：1)我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。Wevegottothinkofwaysofchangingpeopleshabits.2)我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。Iapologize_soangrywithyou.3)离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。_awayforseveralyears，itisastrangeexperiencetoreturntotheplaceyouwerebornandbroughtup二、功能及用法二、功能及用法(用作宾语用作宾语)for beingAfter being B动词动词+介词介词+动名词，如：动名词，如：1)我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthisexpedition2)同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。_，eachofthemmadeaface她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。Shewasvery_forourcompany下列短语中的下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：形式：devoteto，objectto，payattentionto，getdownto，leadto,lookforwardto，stickto，beusedto等等二、功能及用法二、功能及用法(用作宾语用作宾语)Instead of smilinginterested in working4.Tomenjoys_basketballonSundayafternoons,doesnthe?Yes,hedoes.Butwhathissisterenjoys_.A.toplay;dancingB.playing;todanceC.toplay;todanceD.playing;istodance5.WereyouathomelastSunday?Yeah!Idevotedthewholedayto_theEnglishgrammar.A.reviewB.reviewingC.bereviewedD.beingreviewed6.Iambusy_fortheentranceexamination,soIcanthelp_houseworkathomeA.preparing;doingB.preparing;todoC.toprepare;doingD.toprepare;todoWhathewantstodofirstistellhismotherthegoodnews.devotesthtodoing/sthbedevotedtodoing/sth7.Aftertheguestsleft,shespentasmuchtimeasshecould_therooms.A.tidyupB.toclearawayB.C.clearawayD.tidyingupAftertheguestsleft,shedideverythingshecould_therooms.totidyupYoucantimaginewhatgreatdifficultythewomanhad_threechildreninthosehardyears.A.bringupB.broughtupB.C.BringingupD.tobringupMuchuseshouldbemadeof_Englishwell.A.learningB.tolearnC.learnedD.havelearned1.Suchmistakesmustbeavoided_asecondtime.A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade2.IfindithardtogetalongwithMissSmith,andthereforeIalwaysavoid_togetherwithher.toleavealoneB.leavingaloneC.tobeleftaloneD.beingleftaloneHewasluckyenoughtoavoid_somethinginourcompanyoffice.beingcaughtstealingB.tobecatchstealingC.catchingstealingD.beingcaughtstolenbeleftdoing/done/形容词形容词WhichofthefollowingshouldIavoid_alongwellwithArabianbusiness?A.gettingB.togetC.beinggotD.tobegotWhichwillenjoy_(spend)theholiday,swimmingorclimbing?tospend7.Muchattentionshouldbepaidto_theenvironment.A.protectB.protectingC.protectedD.ofprotecting8.Doyoufeellike_out?No.Idratherwe_ataxitodrive;takeB.todrive;tookC.driving;takeD.driving;took9.Therewasafamouspersonatthepartywhomeveryonewouldlike_tothemselves.tointroduceB.tobeintroducedC.introducingD.beingintroducedIdratheryou_(tell)methenewsyesterday.Idrather_(stay)athomeatsuchrainydays.hadnttoldstayRevision-Canthose_atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?(Fujian,33)-Noproblem.A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.satThetrees_inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.(Hunan,26)A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdownD.toblowdownWehadananxiouscoupleofweeks_fortheresultsoftheexperiment.(Sichuan,14)A.waitB.tobewaitingC.waitedD.waitingThedirectorhadherassistant_somehotdogsforthemeeting.(quanguo2,12)A.pickedupB.picksupC.pickupD.pickingupItisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular,and_betteronesofyourown.(Beijing,35)A.introducesB.tointroduceC.introducingD.introducedItisoneofthefunniestthings_ontheInternetsofarthisyear.(Zhejiang,13)A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found-Canthose_atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?(Fujian,33)-Noproblem.A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.satThetrees_inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.(Hunan,26)A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdownD.toblowdownWehadananxiouscoupleofweeks_fortheresultsoftheexperiment.(Sichuan,14)A.waitB.tobewaitingC.waitedD.waitingPleaseremain_;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.(Liaoning,31)A.seatingB.seatedC.toseatD.tobeseated作定语作定语1._,liquidscanbechangedintogases.2._theliquid,youwillfindthatitcanbechangedintogases.3._theliquid,andyouwillfindthatitcanbechangedintogases.4._theliquid,youshouldmakeafirefirst.A.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heat4.作状语作状语_areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotB.C.NothavingreceivedD.HavingnotreceivedHeatedHeatingHeat祈使句祈使句+连词（连词（and/or）+句子（常用一般将来）句子（常用一般将来）ToheatHavingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_.A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.anemergencymeasurewastakenC.thetallbuildingcollapsedD.warningsweregiventotourists_thenews,hecried.(hear)_thenews,tearsfilledeyes.(hear)HearingWhenhearingWhenheheard(万能万能)Whenheheard_onthetopofthehill,thewholecitycanbeseen._onthetopofthehill,wecanseethewholecity._thewholecity,weshouldstandonthetopofthehill._onthetopofthehill,andyoucanseethewholecity.A.SeenB.ToseeC.SeeingD.SeeA.SeenC.SeeingB.ToseeD.See 1.Therewasaterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed2.Thefirsttext-books_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenB.C.beingwrittenD.writtenC.3.Thedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedD.fantasticatthepartylastnight.E.A.recordedB.recordingF.C.toberecordedD.havingrecordedG. Fornearlythreehourswewaitedforthedecision,only_tocomeagainthenextday.A.totellB.tellingC.tobetoldD.beingtold,thusdoingDoletyourmotherknowallthetruth,butsheappears_everything.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldIdlove_tothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.TogoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone不定式的时态和语态：不定式的时态和语态：todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendoneFluissaid_(cause)byaspecialvirus.Robertisbelieved_(study)abroad,butIdontwhichcountryhestudied.tobecausedtohavestudiedTherearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingD.-HowdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweentheE.companyandthecustomers.F.-Thekey_(solve)theproblemistomeetthedemandG._(make)bythecustomers.ButIdontknowwhichoneto_choosetosolvingmadeThe_boywaslastseen_neartheEastLake.A.Missing,playingB.missing,playC.gone,toplayD.lost,playedD.HesentmeanE-mail_togetfurtherinformation.E.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hopeThemanneeded_foroneofhislegswasbadlyinjured.A.tolookafterB.lookingafterB.C.lookafterD.beinglookedafter=tobelookedafter_inherbestdress,thegirltriedtomakeherself_attheparty.A.Dressed,noticedB.Dressing;noticingB.C.Wearing;noticedD.Dressed;noticingC._byacrowdofpeople,hefeltnervous,_whattosay.D.Watching;didntknowE.B.Havingwatched;andnotknowF.C.Havingbeenwatched;notknownG.D.Beingwatched;notknowingmakeoneselfdone(understood,heard,noticed)