Developing Intercultural CompetenceGateway 2 Cindy Lee学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeContentslPrefacelConventional Language Teaching TheorieslConventional Teaching PracticelIntercultural Communication TheorieslThe Components of Intercultural CompetencelNext Step for Language TeacherslConclusion 学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeePrefacelThis session is based on the British scholar - Michael Byrams various works on intercultural communication and intercultural competence. lAt the end of this session, it will point out a new role for the language teacher.学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeConventional Language Teaching TheorieslDevelop new way of presenting languagelDevelop linguistic skillslCreate linguistic fluency and accuracylAddress how to use language appropriately学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeConventional Teaching PracticelUse the native speaker as a model for learnerslTransfer the experience of learning the first language to learn the foreign languagelEmphasise the linguistic or grammatical competence 学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeIntercultural Communication Theories lLingua Franca (a):The foreign language or the English language is a communicative medium among foreignersExample: People from Japan, Italy, Taiwan, Germany and Britain use English to communicate when they meet with each another. Concentration (1)学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeelLingua Franca (b):It is neither appropriate nor desirable for learners to model themselves on native speakers. Example: When a Taiwanese does business with a Spanish or has holidays in Singapore, why does he/she need to sound like an American in such an international context? Intercultural Communication Theories Concentration (2)学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeel Intercultural Speaker means someone has abilities to: - interact with others - accept other perspectives of the world - mediate between different perspectives - be conscious of the evaluations of the difference Intercultural Communication Theories Concentration (3)学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeDirectionslDeveloping learners intercultural competence is as important as improving their linguistic skillslAn innovative mission for language teachers lies in helping students possess the components of intercultural competenceIntercultural Communication Theories 学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeFrom Intercultural CommunicationToIntercultural CompetenceIntercultural competence is the key to successful intercultural communication. So, what features contribute to intercultural competence? 学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeThe Components of Intercultural Competence (1) lIntercultural AttitudesCuriosity and openness to other culturesReadiness to suspend disbelief about on other culturesBelief about ones own culture學員在了解本國文化的情況下,對異國文化能充滿好奇心並能以開放的心態看待甚至接受他國的文化風俗.学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeelIntercultural KnowledgeKnowledge of social processesKnowledge of how social groups functionRealize other people have multiple identities The Components of Intercultural Competence (2) “跨文化的知識”除了意指了解某一地區或國家的文化之外,更重要的是指學員能了解普遍的社會問題,以及族群及文化認同等議題.這些了解可以從國內的觀點出發再延伸到對異國社會的認識.各地域/國家,各語系的族群都絕非是單一性的,了解這些多元文化特質的知識是相當重要的.跨文化可以避免未來接觸外國友人或事務時,產生誤會或文化衝擊.学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeelIntercultural SkillsAbility to compare two or more culturesAbility to interpret the culture perceivedAbility to relate ones own cultural experiencesThe Components of Intercultural Competence (3) 由於無論教師或是學員都不可能得知所有的跨文化知識,因此學員必須具備跨文化的溝通技巧,以備不時之需.這包括了能夠探知及比較異國和本國文化差異的能力,也包含了能運用本國文化經驗以解決不期然的文化衝突的能力.最終的目標是幫助學員能從容面對不同的文化背景,並能妥善處理當下所遭遇到的難題.学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeelCritical Cultural AwarenessAcknowledge respect for human dignityRecognize the human right Become aware of ones own values and how these influence ones views of other peoples values The Components of Intercultural Competence (4) 最後是能有客觀的警覺性.藉由學習外語或接觸外國文化的機會,學習尊重他人.同時亦能省視自身的價值觀,並認清是什麼樣的價值觀正影響著自己看待世界的角度.学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeNext Step for the Language Teacher (1)lM. Byram and many other scholars believe that the role of language teachers is changing and should be changing. lThe role of a language teacher is to develop intercultural skills, attitudes and awareness of values just as much as to develop knowledge of a particular culture/nation or of different cultures within ones own country. 学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeNext Step for the Language Teacher (2)However, the task for the language teacher is not to deliver cultural content word by word,but “to facilitate learners interaction with some small part of another society and its cultures,with the purpose of relativising learners understanding of their own cultural values and behaviors,and encouraging them to investigate for themselves the otherness around them,either in their immediate physical environment or in their engagement with otherness which internationalization and globalization have brought into their world.” - M. Byram, A. Nichols and D. Stevens (2001) 学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeConclusion (1) The attempt of developing intercultural competence is ambitious. However, Many teachers believe in it and have responded to this new rolewith their professional imagination and innovative approachesto introduce an intercultural dimension into their work.学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeHow about you? Are you willing to take a step further?! Conclusion (2)In the following sessions, we will see more practices In the following sessions, we will see more practices working with teenagers. working with teenagers. Welcome you on board! Welcome you on board! 学员在了解本国文化的情况下CindyCindyLeeLeeTHE ENDThank you!学员在了解本国文化的情况下