高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练名词性从句名词性从句一、引导名词性从句的连接词一、引导名词性从句的连接词一、引导名词性从句的连接词一、引导名词性从句的连接词 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 ( (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses）。）。）。）。 名名名名词从句的功能相当于名词词组词从句的功能相当于名词词组词从句的功能相当于名词词组词从句的功能相当于名词词组, , 它在复合句中能担任它在复合句中能担任它在复合句中能担任它在复合句中能担任主语主语主语主语、宾语宾语宾语宾语、表语表语表语表语、同位语同位语同位语同位语、介词宾语介词宾语介词宾语介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和和和和同位语从同位语从同位语从同位语从句。句。句。句。 引导名词性从句的引导名词性从句的连接词连接词可分为三类：可分为三类： 连接词：连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分）不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：连接副词：when, where, how, why不可省略的连词：不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.whether whether 与与与与 if if 均均均均为为为为 “ “是是是是否否否否” ” 的的的的意意意意思思思思。但但但但在在在在下下下下列列列列情情情情况况况况下下下下，whether whether 不不不不能被能被能被能被 if if 所取代：所取代：所取代：所取代：1.whether 引引导导主主语语从从句句（包包括括从从句句在在句句首首的的位位置置）应应当当用用whether，不用不用if，如：如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will come, I am not sure.2. 引导表语从句用引导表语从句用whether，不用不用if，如：如： The question is whether you should accept it.3. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if 则不能，如：则不能，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 4. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则不能，如：则不能，如： I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to go or not.5.引导同位语从句用引导同位语从句用whether，不用不用if，如：如： The question whether hell attend the meeting is essential.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，用大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，用it充当形式主语。充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. 二、二、二、二、 名词性名词性名词性名词性that-that-从句从句从句从句1）由由从从属属连连词词that引引导导的的从从句句叫叫做做名名词词性性that-从从句句。that只只起起连连接接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。 名名词词性性that-从从句句在在句句中中能能充充当当主主语语、宾宾语语、表表语语、同同位位语语和和形形容词宾语，例如：容词宾语，例如： 主语：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 宾语：宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 表语：表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 同位语：同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 形容词宾语：形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 2）that-从从句句作作主主语语通通常常用用it作作先先行行词词，而而将将that-从从句句置置于于句句末末，例例如：如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. Its a pity that you should have to leave.a. It + be +形容词形容词+ that-从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词分词+ that-从句从句It is believed that人们相信人们相信It is known to all that从所周知从所周知It has been decided that 已决定已决定 c. It + be +名词名词+ that-从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是d. It +不及物动词不及物动词+ that-分句分句It appears that似乎似乎It happens that碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 用用 it 作形式主语的作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：三、名词性三、名词性三、名词性三、名词性whwh- -从句从句从句从句1）由由wh-词词引引导导的的名名词词从从句句叫叫做做名名词词性性wh-从从句句。wh-词词包包括括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等等连连接接代代词词和和where, when, how, why等等连连接接副副词词。wh-从从句句的的语语法法功功能能除除了了和和that-从从句句一一样样外外，还还可可充充当当介介词词宾宾语语、宾宾语语补补语语和和间间接接宾宾语语等等，例如：例如：主语：主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.直接宾语：直接宾语：In ones own home one can do what one likes.间接宾语：间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.表语：表语：My question is who will take over the president.宾语补足语：宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位语：同位语：I have no idea when he will return.形容词宾语：形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 介词宾语：介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.2）wh-从从句句作作主主语语也也常常用用先先行行词词it做做形形式式主主语语，而而将将wh-从从句句置置于于句句末，例如：末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.四、四、四、四、if, whetherif, whether引导的名词从句引导的名词从句引导的名词从句引导的名词从句1 1）yes-noyes-no型疑问从句型疑问从句型疑问从句型疑问从句 从从属属连连词词if, whether引引导导的的名名词词从从句句是是由由一一般般疑疑问问句句或或选选择择疑疑问问转转化化而而来来的的，因因此此也也分分别别被被称称为为yes-no型型疑疑问问句句从从句句和和选选择择型型疑疑问从句，其功能和问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，从句的功能相同， 例如：例如：主语：主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.宾宾语语：Let us know whether/if you can finish the article before Friday. 表语：表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.同同位位语语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.形容词宾语：形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 介词宾语：介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass the exams. 2 2）选择性疑问从句）选择性疑问从句）选择性疑问从句）选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或或whetheor not构成构成,如：如：Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. I dont care whether you like the plan or not. 五、否五、否五、否五、否 定定定定 转转转转 移移移移1) 将将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等等动动词词后后面面宾宾语语从从句句的的否否定定词词转转移移到到主主句句中中，即即主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词用用否否定定式式，而而从从句句的谓语动词用肯定式。的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。我想我并不认识你。I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。我相信他不回来。注意注意：若谓语动词为若谓语动词为hope, 宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。我想你没有生病吧。2) 将将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow.3) 有有时时将将动动名名词词，介介词词短短语语或或整整个个从从句句的的否否定定转转变变为为对对谓谓语语动动词词的的否定。否定。 I dont remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语否定动名词短语 having)4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语否定状语)1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought that D. is thought that4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when7.The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built11.My advice is that he _ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept12._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether14.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. whereGood-bye!