Logical Coherence in Gap Filling 阅读“七选五”之逻辑衔接Presented by Jessie.Fun from Mingde High SchoolReading comprehensionLeonardo DicaprioWhat is the clip mainly about?1.Butwhospeakforallofhumanity,fortheindigenouspeopleoftheworld,forthebillionsandbillionsofunderprivilegedpeoplewhowillbemostaffectedbythis.2.Weneedtosupportleadersaroundtheworldwhodonotspeakforthebigpollutersorthebigcorporations.3.Finally,letusnottakethisplanetforgranted;Idonottaketonightforgranted.4.Forourchildrenschildrenandforthosepeopleouttherewhosevoiceshavebeendrownedoutbythepoliticsofgreed,thankyouallforthisamazingawardtonight. 2- 1- 4 - 3Step1 Appreciate a clip Putthesentencesinorder.Climate change The movieThanks anamazingspeech logical coherenceLetsnottaketheplanetforgranted;Idonottaketonightforgranted.设题位置位置年份年份标题段首段首段末段末段中段中201114201223201323201414201523Basicinformation transitionalsentences（过渡性句子）explanatorysentences（注释性句子） logical coherencetransitionalsentencesexplanatorysentencesStep2 Discuss the stratergies逻辑关系过渡性句子&注释性句子并列递进关系并列递进关系转折对比关系转折对比关系因果关系因果关系概括总结关系概括总结关系时间顺序关系时间顺序关系解释例证关系解释例证关系Mildlyraisedglucose(葡萄糖葡萄糖)levelscanharmtheareaofthebrainthathelpsyouformmemoriesandphysicalactivitycanhelpgetbloodglucosedowntonormallevels.Infact,exerciseproduceschemicalsthataregoodforyourbrain.1.A. But dont worry if your schedule isnt filled with life-A. But dont worry if your schedule isnt filled with life- changing events. changing events.B. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid B. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. those moments.C. In other words, when you take care of your body, you takeC. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain. care of your brain.Method解释说明解释说明 :in fact; in other wordsExample1InfactIn other wordsIn other wordsApproachmoneylessonswithopennessandhonesty.1Ifyoumustsaynotoachildsrequesttospendmoney,explain,“Youhaveenoughtoytrucksfornow.”Or,iftherequestisformanydifferentthings,say.“Youhavetomakeachoicebetweenthistoyandthattoy.”A.Tellyourchildwhyhecan-orcannot-havecertainthings.B.Permitthechildtochoosebetweenthem.C.Talkabouthowthemoneyboughtthethingafteryouleavethetoystore.StatementStatementExplanatiExplanationonExamplesExplanationandexamplesshouldbecloselyrelatedtothestatement.MethodExample2statementexplanationexample structureofaparagraph解释例证关系常用词解释例证关系常用词解释例证关系解释例证关系是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释（是什么？怎么做？）、引申（有本意引出新释（是什么？怎么做？）、引申（有本意引出新意）、例证（举例说明）、使意思更加明了，具意）、例证（举例说明）、使意思更加明了，具体。考查体。考查形式：形式：归纳(从例子到从例子到观点点)和推理和推理(从从观点到例子点到例子)两种两种。infact，inotherwords，orrather（更确切的说更确切的说)forexample,forinstance,asamatteroffact,actually,thatis(tosay)等等Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdealoratleastmanypartsofithave.1. Ideas about social class whether a person is“working-class”or“middle-class”areoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow.A.Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcerned.B.Suchchangescouldbeapparentinthewholesociety.Example1Method句际间的逻辑关系，逻句际间的逻辑关系，逻辑性插入语来连接辑性插入语来连接转折关系词：转折关系词：but,however,yet,nevertheless,still,whereas,onthecontrary,bycontrast,incomparison,instead,otherwise,etc.EasyWaystoKeepYourBrainSharpEveryoneisforgetful.Asweage,westarttofeellikeourbrainsareslowingdownabitandthatcanbeaveryannoyingthing.1.Readonforsometechniquesworthtrying.A.Luckily,researchshowsthereisalotyoucandotoavoidthosemoments.B.Someofusmayevenfeelanxiousandeasilygetangry.带感情色彩的副词：带感情色彩的副词：Example2unfortunately,luckily,surprisingly.转折对比关系转折对比关系转折对比常用关系词：转折对比常用关系词：but,however,yet,nevertheless,still,whereas,bycontrast，onthecontrary,incomparison，instead,otherwise,etc.带感情色彩的副词带感情色彩的副词:unfortunately,luckily,surprisingly,basicallyGroup workPresent the varied logical coherence and related linking words. At first I was paid in candy. 1 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account. A.Later I received 50 cents an hour. B. Before long, she let me sit there by myself. C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics. D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers. 时间顺序关系：时间顺序关系：指各句子只能按事指各句子只能按事物发展的过程有先而后的顺序排列，物发展的过程有先而后的顺序排列，不可随意改变次序，通常出现于记不可随意改变次序，通常出现于记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中。文中。 常用连接词：常用连接词：first,next,then,later,afterthat,afterwards,eventually,etc.TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemoreenergywhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakinthebackground.1Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.A.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.B.Musicisplayinginthebackground.C.Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.D.Muzakisplayedinmostofthebigsupermarketsintheworld.并列关系：指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位，互不相属，而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题，可以改变次序。常用联系词：常用联系词：and, also, further, moreover, whats more, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also. Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopressyournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.1Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownaturally.A.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.B.ForafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouchC.Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.因果关系连接词：因果关系连接词：so, therefore, thus, hence,as a result, consequently.Aseriousproblemfortodayssocietyis.Iwouldliketosuggestseveralpossiblesolutionstothisproblem.First,employersshouldtakeresponsibilityfortheirretiredemployees.Anotherwayofsolvingtheproblemistoreturntheresponsibilitytotheindividual.Inaddition,thegovernmentcouldtakeresponsibilityforthecareoftheelderly.1,itisreasonabletoexpectthatsomecombinationoftheseoptionsmaybeneededtoprovidethecarewehopetogivetoourelderlygenerations.A.Tosumup,alltheseoptionshaveadvantagesanddisadvantages.B.Itsunfairtoletthesocialorganizationshoulderalltheresponsibility.C.Tomakethispossible,apercentageofprofitsshouldbesetasideforthispurpose.概括总结：概括总结：to sum up, in short, in summary, in general, to conclude , in conclusion, in brief, on the wholeStep3 Apply the approaches Choosethreetofivesentencesforpossiblegapfillingaccordingtothelogicalcoherenceineachparagraph. 1.Exchangeyourideaswithpeers.2.Presentthebestdesign,why? （2015北京卷） This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy.They stare off into space and wander by themselves.They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. Without wandering minds, we wouldnt have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.Having interesting things to think about also helps. And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.Therefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone. Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74 . Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75 . Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.（2015北京卷）逻辑关系过渡性句子&注释性句子并列递进关系并列递进关系转折对比关系转折对比关系因果关系因果关系概括总结关系概括总结关系时间顺序关系时间顺序关系解释例证关系解释例证关系Summary 真题演练Finishtask2byyourselfin5minutes.keys_D A C F G Challenge yourselfChallenge yourselfChallenge yourselfChallenge yourselfDont take dreams for granted!Dont take dreams for granted!Dont take dreams for granted!Dont take dreams for granted!Dont take success for granted!Dont take success for granted!Dont take success for granted!Dont take success for granted!