主谓一致主谓一致By Ivan Fang一一. .概念概念: :主谓一致是指：主谓一致是指：1 1） 语法一致语法一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2 2） 意义一致意义一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。复数形式一致。3 3） 就近原则就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语它的词语. . 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos( There is much water in the thermos(热水瓶热水瓶).). 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：语动词用复数形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last yearlast year. .二二. .相关知识点精讲相关知识点精讲1.1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：，例如： Reading and writing are very important. Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。读写很重要。 注意：当主语由注意：当主语由andand连结时，如果它连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念表示一个单一的概念，即，即指同一人或同一物时，指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数，and and 此时连接的两个词前此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词只有一个冠词。例如：。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。典型例题典型例题 The League secretary( The League secretary(团支部书记团支部书记) and monitor) and monitor（班长）（班长）_ asked to make a speech at the meeting. _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isA. isB. wasB. was C. are C. are D. were D. were答案答案B. B. 注：注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除先排除A.A.，C C。本题易误选。本题易误选D D，因为，因为The League secretary and The League secretary and monitor monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor monitor 前没有前没有thethe，在英，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B B。 2. 2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)1)当当there be there be 句型句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：邻近的主语保持一致。例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。三个女孩。2 2）当）当either or either or 与与neither norneither nor，连接两个主语时，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, here, therethere引导引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：的主语一致。例如：Either you or she is to go. Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。不是你去，就是她去。Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. you. 给你笔、信封和纸。给你笔、信封和纸。3.3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with, together with（和）, like, except, but, no less than（正如）, as well as（和） 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如： The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。4. 4. 谓语需用单数的情况谓语需用单数的情况1 1）代词代词eacheach以及由以及由every, some, no, anyevery, some, no, any等构成的等构成的复合代词复合代词作主语时，或主语中作主语时，或主语中含有含有each, everyeach, every时时, , 谓语需用单数。例谓语需用单数。例如：如： Each of us has a tape-recorder. Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音我们每人都有录音机。机。 There is something wrong with my watch. There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏我的表坏了。了。2 2）当主语是）当主语是一本书或一条格言一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：时，谓语动词常用单数。例如： The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. English. 天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。3 3）表示）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，作主语时，通常把这些名词通常把这些名词看作一个整体看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：，谓语一般用单数。例如： Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。用三个星期来做准备。 Ten yuan is enough. Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。十元够了。5.5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1 1）代词）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, allwhat, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：All is right.All is right.一切顺利。一切顺利。 All are present. All are present.人都到齐了。人都到齐了。2 2）集体名词集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience(family, audience(听众听众, , 观众观众), crew(), crew(工作人员工作人员), crowd, ), crowd, class, company(class, company(一群一群), committee), committee等词后，谓语动词用等词后，谓语动词用复数形式复数形式时强调这个集体中的时强调这个集体中的各个成员各个成员，用，用单数单数时强调该集体的时强调该集体的整体整体。例如：。例如：His family isnt very large. His family isnt very large. 他家成员不多。他家成员不多。His family are music lovers.His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。他家个个都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词但集合名词people, police, cattle(people, police, cattle(牲畜牲畜), poultry(), poultry(家禽家禽) )等在等在任何情况下都用任何情况下都用复数形式复数形式。例如：。例如：Are there any police around? Are there any police around? 3 3）有些名词，如）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion(variety, number, population, proportion(比比例例), majority(), majority(多数多数) ) 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如：等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如： A number of + A number of +名词复数名词复数+ +复数动词。复数动词。 The number of + The number of +名词复数名词复数+ +单数动词。单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. The majority of the students like English.6.6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况1 1）用）用half of, most of, none ofhalf of, most of, none of, heaps of(, heaps of(许多许多), lots of, ), lots of, plenty ofplenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与ofof后面的名词后面的名词/ /代词保持代词保持一致。例如：一致。例如：Most of his money is spent on books. Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。他大部分的钱化在书上了。Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。大部分学生积极参与体育运动。2 2）用）用a portion of(a portion of(一部分一部分), a series of, a pile of, a panel ), a series of, a pile of, a panel of(of(小组小组) ) 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数单数。例如：。例如： A series of accidents has been reported.A series of accidents has been reported.媒体报道了一连串的事故。媒体报道了一连串的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。炉边有一堆木柴。3 3）如）如 many a many a 或或 more than one more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用词多用单数单数形式。但由形式。但由more than ofmore than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：名词或代词保持一致。例如： Many a person has read the novel. Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。许多人读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。三三. .巩固练习巩固练习（ ） 1. The number of people invited _ fifty, 1. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.reasons.A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, wereA. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were（ ） 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. playA. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play（ ） 3. _ of the land in that district _ 3. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are（ ） 4. Ten minutes _ a long time for one who 4. Ten minutes _ a long time for one who waits.waits. A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed（ ） 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _ a 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _ a driving license.driving license. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having A. has B. have C. is having D. are having（ ） 6. Joy and Sorrow _ next-door neighbours. 6. Joy and Sorrow _ next-door neighbours. A. is B. are C. were D. be A. is B. are C. were D. be（ ）7. In my opinion, some of the news _ 7. In my opinion, some of the news _ unbelievable.unbelievable. A. are B. is C. has been D. have been A. are B. is C. has been D. have been（ ）8. When _ the United Nations founded?8. When _ the United Nations founded? A. is B. are C. was D. were A. is B. are C. was D. were（ ）9. Every possible means _ .9. Every possible means _ . A. has tried B. has been tried A. has tried B. has been tried C. was tried D. were tried C. was tried D. were tried（ ） 10. What she says and does _ nothing to do 10. What she says and does _ nothing to do with me.with me. A. was B. were C. has D. have A. was B. were C. has D. haveHomework:P246(高考绿色通道）