阅读基本技能阅读基本技能 1 1 略读略读skimming（适用于判断短文（适用于判断短文 主旨大意及中心思想）主旨大意及中心思想） 2 2 扫读扫读scanning( (适用于细节搜索、适用于细节搜索、 捕捉、提取及理解捕捉、提取及理解) ) (五个五个W,who,what,when,where,why) 3 3 细读细读 （适用于推理判断、（适用于推理判断、 揣摩、理解作者意图）揣摩、理解作者意图） MySpringFestivalisspecial.MyuncleandmyauntcamebackfromShanghai.Anditwasthemostexcitingfestivalofallthefestivals.OnNewYearsEve,myfatherandmyuncletalkedaboutWeallthoughtthedumplingsweredelicious.OnthefirstdayoftheNewYear,wevisitedourrelatives.Itwasmorealivethananyothertimeofayear.Onthesecondandthethirddays,wespentawonderfulweekendWeallenjoyedourselves.Itsabout.（从第一句话得知）（从第一句话得知）Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?略读略读thewritersspecialSpringFestival.I.FastreadingReadquicklytogetthemainideaHowtofindthemainidea:1.Itsusuallyatthebeginningortheendofthearticle.2.Sometimes,youmayfindoutthekeysentencesofeachparagraph,thensumthemup.3.Maybeyouhavetoinferthemainideaaccordingtothewritersideas.skimming（略读）（略读）tofindthetopicsentencePassageA AppletreesweregrownandprizedfortheirfruitbythepeopleofancientRome. It is believed that the Romans took apples with them to England Apple trees were planted all over England and many other parts of Europe. BoththeseedsofapplesandtheappletreeswerebroughttoAmericafromEngland, As time passed, American apple growers made and improved many new kinds of apples. TodaytheUSisoneofthebiggestapple-growingcountriesintheworld. Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?（从每段的中心句得知）（从每段的中心句得知）A.ApplestreesintheUSB.SeedsofapplesaretakentotheUSC.ThehistoryofapplesintheUSD.ApplesarefromancientRome略读略读C2. Title or subtitle（标题，副标题）（标题，副标题）Forastudent,readingabilityisveryimportantinourstudy.Howtoreadfasterandunderstandbetter?Hereissomeadviceforyou.1.FindYourPurposeforReadingbeforeyoustartreading,askyourselfwhyyouarereadingthisbook.Mostpeoplereadfortwomainreasonspleasureor2.ReadOnlyWhatYouAreInterestedinwhetheryourereadingfictionornonfiction,itsimportanttoenjoywhatyouread3.GiveupBooksThatYouDontEnjoyYoumayhavechosenbooksthatagreewithyourpurposeBeforereadingabook,youshould.A.payattentiontothepriceB.findyourreadingpurposeC.askyourfriendsforadviceD.findalibraryBII.CarefulreadingReadcarefullyinordertogetdetailinformation.(who,what,when,where,why)who,what,when,where,why)Howshouldweunderstandthedetails?1.Context(上下文）上下文）a.Relations：and,or,like,because,sothat,sothat,so,for,since,nowthatb.Comparing:but,yet,however,while,unlike,insteadof,ontheotherhandc.Explaining:thatis(tosay),forexample,inotherwords,called,meaning,namely1.He/sheshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.Theadtellsusthattheassistantmusthave.A.aninterestinmakingpizza.B.onceworkedinarestaurantBBeforelongtheflowerswillbloomandtheairwillbefilledwithinsects(昆虫昆虫)。Springshowsthestartoflife.Thisisthetimewhentheearthwakesupfromitssleep.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bloom”mean?A.turnredB.comeoutC.colorfulD.freshB2. Word formation(构词法) toguessthenewwords1.根据单词的前缀根据单词的前缀(prefix)与后缀与后缀(suffix)进行猜词。进行猜词。Affix:prefix(un-,dis-,in-im-,non-,re-,)suffix(-er,-ist,-ment,-tion-ness,-ful,-less,-able,) 2. 2. 根据根据“合成词合成词”(Synthesize)猜测。猜测。 如如 class+roomclassroomtooth+brushtoothbrush3.词性的改变词性的改变（Change）:n.-v.(name,water)v.-n.(call，meet)Oncetherewereforestsandfarmlandoutsidethetown.Thewildanimalslivedtherehappily.Ihaveseenwildrabbits.Butthisisnotanunusualthing:Allacrossthecountry,wildanimalsarelosingtheirhomesbecauseofmansneedforhousingdevelopmentandenlargement.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enlargement”meaninChinese?A.建建设B.扩大大C.保保护D.措施措施BYesterdaymyfriendKyrainvitedmetohisbirthdayparty.IgotdressedUnluckily,whileI,mycatwalkedovermycleanskirt,AsIwas,snowing.ImissedmytrainIwassotiredIfellasleepandmissedmystation.AtthistimeIwaslost,WhenIfinallyarrivedatKyrashouse,itwasnearlymidnightWhataterribleevening!(根据细节和单词根据细节和单词)45.Thewritermustfeel_thatevening.A.excitedB.veryluckyC.verysad细读细读3.Summarizeorinfer(总结或推断）或推断）CHowtosummarizeandinfer1.Wemusttrytounderstandthewholepassagefirst.2.Wemayinfersomethingaccordingtothefacts,backgroundandcommonsense.3.Wehavetonoticetheothermeaningsofthewords.4.Ourinferringmustgobacktothearticle. Ifeveryonesetstheirairconditioning空调空调at26,Beijingwillsave400millionkilowatt-hours千瓦时千瓦时ofelectricityinonesummer.Thatsone-thirdofalltheusageofthecityintheseason,”saidaTVadvertisement.（根据计（根据计算判断）算判断）Beijingwilluse_millionkilowatt-hourselectricityinonesummer.A.1200B.800C.400细读A Years ago，many zoos kept all kinds of animals in small cages. Small cages made it easy for people to see the animals，but a small cage is not a good place for an animal to live in. Today zoos keep animals in different kinds of cages. The cages are very big and open. They usually have plants and a little lake. 1. Zoos kept animals in small cages so that people can A.protect them B.see them better C.feed them D.save them 2. Today，zoos keep animals A.in bigger cages B.in the wild C.in smaller cages D.in the fieldBA4.FindsimilarsentenceHave a tryPassageAAppletreesweregrownandprizedfortheirfruitbythepeopleofancientRome.ItisbelievedthattheRomanstookappleswiththemtoEnglandwhentheywerethere.Notlongafterthat,appletreeswereplantedalloverEnglandandmanyotherpartsofEurope.BoththeseedsofapplesandtheappletreeswerebroughttoAmericafromEngland,probablyin1629.JohnEndicott,oneoftheearlygovernorsoftheMassachusettsBayColony,broughtthefirsttreetoAmerica.DifferentkindsofappleswereseenfromWesttoEast.Americansalsoplantedseedsoftheapplesintheirvillages.AmannamedJohnChapmanalsohelpedtospreadapplegrowingintheUS.Hecarriedappleseedswithhimwhereverhewent,andplantedtheminmanydifferentplaces.Forthisreasonhebecameknownas“JohnnyAppleSeed”.Astimepassed,Americanapplegrowersmadeandimprovedmanynewkindsofapples.TodaytheUSisoneofthebiggestapple-growingcountriesintheworld.1.Whatsthebesttitleofthispassage?A.ApplestreesintheUSB.SeedsofapplesaretakentotheUSC.ThehistoryofapplesintheUSD.ApplearefromancientRome.2.Whatdoestheword“governors”mean?A.leadersB.farmersC.workersD.travelers3.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisFALSE?A.SomeonebroughtappletreesandseedstotheUSfromEngland. B. TheUSisthebiggestapple-growingcountry.C.AppleshavebeenintheUSforabout400years.D.Americansgrowsmanydifferentkindsofapplesnow.4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat“JohnnyAppleSeed”A.isamanwhobroughtthefirstappletreetoAmerica.B.isamanwhocarriedappleseedswithhimeveryday.C.isamanwhohelpedtospreadapplegrowingintheUS.D.isamanwholikedtraveling.5.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat()A.applesareanativefruitinAmerica.B.applesaregoodforpeopleshealthC.itshardtogrowapplesinAmerica. D.theappleshavealongstory.CABCDEvery year there is a Spring Festival in China. Usually it is in January or February. It is the most important festival in China. So before it comes, everyone has toprepare things. They buy pork, beef, chicken, fruits and many other things. And they often make a special kindof food“dumplings”. It means “come together”. On theday before the festival, parents buy new clothes for their children. Children also buy presents for their parents. Onthe Spring Festival Eve（除夕）, all the family memberscome back to their hometown. This is a happy moment. Some sing and dance, some play cards and others get the dinner ready. When they enjoy the meal, they give each other the best wishes for the coming year. They all have a good time.1.WhichisthemostimportantfestivalinChina?A.TheMidAutumnFestival.B.TheSpringFestival.C.ChildrensDay.2.WhenistheChineseSpringFestivalusuallycelebrated?A.InMarchorApril.B.InMayorJune.C.InJanuaryorFebruary.3._isthespecialkindoffoodfortheSpringFestivalinChina.A.ChickenB.DumplingC.Fish4.Whatsthemeaningofthefood“dumplings”forChinesepeopleintheSpringFestival?A.Lookup.B.Helpyourself.C.Cometogether.5.ThefamilywhentheyarehavingdinnertogetherontheSpringFestivalEve.A.giveeachotherthebestwishesB.buyeachotherpresentsC.sing，danceandplaycardsBCBBATaobao,Chinaslargestonlineshoppingsite（网上购物网站）（网上购物网站）,hasbecomeanimportantpartofWangLinslife.Alargenumber.MostonlineshoppersarestudentsoryoungworkersClothingandhome-useproducts（产品）（产品）arethemostpopularonline.Itwasreportedthatmorethan300billion（十亿）（十亿）yuanwasspentononlineshoppinglastyear,.Taobaomeans“lookingfortreasure”inChineseYoumayquestionthesecurityofonlineshopping,WangLinsaid,“Itsverysafeandconvenient(便利的便利的)”1.Whatarethemostpopularonline?A.CandlesandDVDplayersB.Clothesandbooks.C.Clothingandhome-useproducts.2.Taobaois_.A.ashoppingmallB.anonlineshopperC.anonlineshoppingsite3.Mostonlineshoppersare_.A.youngB.oldC.babies4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“security”mean?A质量质量B安全安全C信誉信誉5.Whichisthebesttitle（标题）（标题）ofthepassage?A.WangLinslife.B.OnlineshoppinginChina.C.Shoppingonlineisnotsafe.细节题细节题细节题细节题细节题细节题单词题单词题主旨题主旨题CACBBReadingmakeafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.读书使人充实读书使人充实,讨论使人机敏讨论使人机敏,写作使人严谨。写作使人严谨。 -培根培根Read more in your daily life!Whocanguessmore?1.(2015年福建省南平年福建省南平)Evenachildknowsthatnodding(点头)theheadmeansYes.Butsomepeoplewillprobablybepuzzled(迷惑的)whentheyfirstcometoIndia.WhentheytalktoanIndian,heoftenshakeshishead.TheymightthinkthattheIndiandoesnotlikewhathesaid,buton the contrary,heisexpressingagreement.The phrase on the contrary means_.A. 正相反 B. 总之 C. 与之相同 D. 在另一方面A2.(延安)“Howmuchisadishofplainicecream?”heasked.In this story “plain” means in Chinese.A平原B普通C朴素D清楚3.(江西)Nowwedidntknowwhattodo.Itwasjusttoolate.WewerebusywithChristmasdinnerandpackingchildrenspresents,parentspresents.abrotherspresentandfriendspresentstillmidnight.Sotherewasnotimetotaketobuytherightbikeforourlittlegirl.Thinkingthatwewereparentswhowouldmaketheirchildunhappy,wefeltguilty andsad.The word guilty in the third paragraph means _. A. unhappy B. worried C. happy D. sorryBD4.(湖北)OneeveninglastJuly,myoldcarbrokedownonahighway.Itwasanhourbeforesunset,andIwas25milesfromhome.Icouldntreachanyonetopickmeup,soIdecidedtotakeabus.In the first paragraph, pick.up best means _. A. take hold of and lift B. choose carefully C. give someone a ride. D. hear or learn 5.(石家庄)Ifyouveplantedseeds(种子),youcanexpecttoomanyplantstocomeout.Youhavetoclearsomeaway,sothattheplantsleftwillhaveroomtogrow.Thisiscalledthinning.The Chinese for thinning(in the fourth paragraph) is _. A. 拔苗 B. 间苗 C. 除草 D. 育苗 CC6.(沈阳)EveryDecemberinLondon,theNationalCageandAviaryBirdShowtriestofindthebesttalkingbirdintheworld.OnebirdnamedPrudlestood outamongthetalkingbirds.Shewonthisprizefor12yearsfrom1965to1976.Whatdosethewordstandoutmeaninthispassage?A.站出来B.飞起来C.脱颖而出D.取出来7.(合肥)Plantsmustalsohaveaplaceinwhichtoputdowntheirrootsandgrow.Theyfinditdifficulttogrowonhardland.Thetownisbuiltonhardland.Theplantsherehaveonlythesoilfoundbetweenthecracksofthestonestogrowin.What does the underlined word cracks mean in the text? A. 缝隙B. 表面C. 夹层D. 底部CA8.(太原)Ifyouwanttostartjogging,prepareapairofcomfortableshoesanddeterminedmind.Whatsthemeaningoftheword“determined”inthepassage?Its_A.刚强的B.坚定的C.伟大的9.(太原)Therearethreewaystocutdownontrash.Onewayistorecycle.AnotherwaytocutdownontrashistoreusethingsThethirdwaytocutdownontrashisto reduce theamountoftrashyoumake,stopbuyingthingthatyoudontneedinthefirstplace.Thatreducetheamountoftheearthsresourcesthatyouuse.Theword“reduce”inthepassagemeans.A还原B减少C增加江西中考题（monologue）YouarelisteningtoRadioSouth.Hereissomeinformationaboutapopconcert.ThegroupRedRiverwillcometoLondonsoon.TheywillbeinLondonfromthetwenty-eighthofOctobertothesecondofNovember.Ticketsarereallydear-theycostthirtypoundseach,buthalfofthatmoneywillgotoachildrenshospital.Tobookaticket,telephonetwo-eight-three,double0-six-fivebetweentena.m.andfivep.m.TheLondonconcertswillbeintheSouthBankHall.Itsveryeasytofind.Thebestwaytogetthereistotakethetrain,andittakes40minutes.TheconcerthallisinTrinityStreet.ThatsT-R-I-N-I-T-YStreet.Seeyouthere.17.WhenwillthegroupRedRiverleaveLondon?OnOctober28th.B.OnNovember2nd.C.OnNovember28t18.Whatisthetelephonenumber?A.238-0065.B.283-6005.C.283-0065.19.HowlongdoesittaketogettotheSouthBankHall?A.Thirtyminutes.B.Fortyminutes.C.Fiftyminutes.BCB-解题步骤解题步骤：第一步，快速阅读短文；通读测试题，明确考查点。第二步，认真逐题作答。第三步，仔细校对所选答案。首先浏览一遍题目，看清题目要求理解什么细节，然后有选择性地在文中找出相应的段落句子或短语，认真分析理解，选出正确答案。Whatdoyouthinkofyourteachers？Now，Americanstudentscansaywhattheythinkonanewwebsite！Onwww.ratemyteachers.com，studentscanrate(评定)theirteachers.Sofar，therehavebeen2millionratingsfor365，000teachersat21，000schoolsintheUSandCanada.Question:Wherecanthestudentsrate(评定)theirteachersaccordingtothepassage？A.OnanewwebsiteB.AttheclassmeetingC.Intheclassroom.D.OutoftheschoolAThen,aboutsixmonthsaftershearrived,Ifeltsomethinginmyheartwastakingplace,andIwasunabletostopit.Mybehaviorbegantochange.Ibegantosmileatpeoplewhenpassingtheminastreet.Ireturnedwaves（招手）fromneighbors.Istartedcallingmykidsand,tomysurprise,theystartedcallingme.Ieventriedtospeaktomygrandchildrenoverthephoneonce.Ievenwasgladtolistentolaughterfroma10-month-oldgranddaughter.ThepointisthatIwaschanging.(江西)70.Whendidthemansbehaviorbegintochange?A.Abouttwoyearsago.B.WhenGertiewasnearlytwoyearsold.C.WhenGertiewas15weeksold.D.AboutsixmonthsafterGertiearrived.AlbertwasanordinaryworkerinanoilcompanyinAmerica.Hisworkmatesgaveanickname（绰号）“Fourdollarsabucket(桶)”tohim,forhewasalwaysusedtoleavinganadvertisementofhiscompany“Fourdollarsabucketofoil”belowhisnamewheneverandwhereverhewrotedownhisname.Astimewentby,peopleforgothisrealname.Later,whenRockefeller,theboardchairman(董事长)oftheoilcompany,heardofit,hewasverysurprised,soheinvitedAlberttocometohisoffice.（江西）73.WhatwasAlbertintheoilcompanyatthebeginning?A.Aworker.B.Anassistant.C.Amanager.D.Thesecondboardchairman.AItssobeautifuloutsidethatspendingthedayintheofficewouldbeveryboring.Sowhynottakethevacationsoff?Anewsurveyfoundthat31%ofU.S.workersdontalwaystakealloftheirvacationdays.Americanshave12vacationdaysonaverage(平均)eachyear,buttheygivebackanaverageofthreevacationdayseachyear.（江西）77.HowmanyvacationdaysdoAmericansactuallyhaveonaverageeachyear?A.9.B.12.C.15.D.23.BIt began with one red paper clip (回形针回形针) and ended with a house. Kyle MacDonald, a 26-year-old Canadian, got a three-bedroomed house through 14 trades (交换交换) that started with a single red paper clip. Encouraged by Kyles successful experience, now more and more young people around the world are starting their own trading activities. They set up websites where people can trade things they do not usually use with other people. A website called Peerflix allows people to trade their used DVDs. These traders usually prefer face-to-face trading, which means they dont have to worry about who is going to pay for the delivery (递送递送).（江西）81. What did Kyle get in the end through 14 trades? 82. Where can people trade things they do not usually use?83. Why do these traders usually prefer face-to-face trading?Wish you succeed ! How to understand details 1.We must read the questions carefully, catch the key words and see if there are these words: not, never, except, instead, false, but, because, when, where, all of the above, by2. We may find the details in the article easily and quickly.3. We have to find out the similar or opposite words, but we must admire the article itself. 扫读扫读Wecanguessitaccordingtothekeywordsinthecontext. 1. Relations：and, or, like, because, so that, sothat, so, for, since,now that 2. Comparing: but, yet, however, while ,unlike, instead of, on the other hand 3. Explaining: that is (to say), for example, in other words, called, meaning, namely B.根据上下文猜测根据上下文猜测Howtojudgeandinfer1.Wemusttrytounderstandthewholepassagefirst.2.Wemayinfersomethingaccordingtothefacts,backgroundandcommonsense.3.Wehavetonoticetheothermeaningsofthewords.4.Ourinferringmustgobacktothearticle.细读细读Itsreallycoldoutside,andmyhandsarebothnumb.4.Accordingtolivingknowledgeandcommonsense(麻木的麻木的)5.AccordingtothecontextAndtheyoftenmakeaspecialkindoffood-“dumplings”.Itmeans“cometogether”29.Whatsthemeaningofthefood“dumplings”forChinesepeopleintheSpringFestival?(09年娄底市中考真题年娄底市中考真题B篇篇)A.Lookup.B.Helpyourself.C.Cometogether.4.Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore.However,afterthewar,hebecamehomeless.Exercises:Guessthemeaningofthenewwordsquickly.Exercises:Guessthemeaningofthenewwordsquickly. 1.Wealthymeanshavinglotsofmoney.5.Youmuststopdreamingandfacereality.(富裕的，有钱的）富裕的，有钱的）( (现实现实) )3.Mymother-in-law,myhusbandsmother,wasateacher.( (婆婆婆婆) )( (无家可归的）无家可归的）2.NowsomegirlsinChinaarehavingplasticsurgerytochangethewaytheylook.(美容美容手术手术)