unit-6-fricatives-and-unit-6-fricatives-and-affricatesaffricates Place of articulationManner of articulationBilabialLabio-DentalDentalAlveolarPalato-alveolarPalatalVelarGlotal Plosive (清清) (浊浊)pbtdk Fricative (清清) (浊浊)fv sz hAffricate (清清) (浊浊) Nasal mnLaterallApproximantwrjEnglish ConsonantsPronunciation Power demo2What are fricatives? Fricativesaremadebypartiallyblockingtheairflow,thuscausingthefriction-likenoisecharacteristicofthesesounds. /f/v/s/z/h/3Labiodental(唇齿音):/f/v/Dental(齿音):/ Sideviewforthearticulationof/f/v/ 456Phrasesn /f/ nlaugh and cough a beautiful knife look cheerful something funny nthe first of Februaryna photograph of myself7 /v/ a vast field fig leaves serve at five very vain a fine vase five and a half years8Sentencesn/f/ nFanny cut half a loaf with a fine knife.nHe who laughs last laughs best.nFriendly Franck flips fine flapjacks. 9n/v/ nFrances covered her face with a veil.nPhilips van delivers vegetables and fruit every day.nVictor is very efficient man. nA detective found various photos in the file. 10Tongue twisters nFancy Nancy did not fancy doing fancy work. But fancy Nancys fancy auntie did fancy Nancy doing fancy work.nA flea and a fly flew up in a flue.Said the flea, Let us fly!Said the fly, Let us flee!So they flew through a flaw in the flue.11Jumbled sentences n If Fred laughs, he isnt free.nIf Phillips laughs, he gets frightened. nIf Grandfather flies, she looks beautiful.nIf you want to eat fish, youre first.nIf you telephone information, it gets full of fat.nIf you fry food, theyre helpful.nIf a man has a wife, he looks funny.nIf you finish before the others,you need a knife. 121314wordsn/ thumb / thread / birth / author /death / n/ that / mother / father / those / these 15Phrases & Sentencesn/ na thousand thanks be thirsty three months a mathematician something nice her birthday 16n/ nthree brothers rather thick thirsty thieves in the bathroomnthose themes that thumb ncold weather rather than17sentencesn/ Something is better than nothing.Those clothes arent worth anything. A theater is a place where plays or others shows are performed on a stage.18n/ His father and mother went through thick and thin.Arthur is now breathing smoothly. That means something over there.19Tongue twisters nI thought a thought.But the thought I thought wasnt the thoughtI thought I thought.20Alveolar(齿槽音):/s/z/Postalveolar(后龈音): / / Sideviewforthearticulationof/s/z/ / 2122232428293334Phrases /h/na high hill hit it hard nbehind the house a hat in handna huge head hold it high nhalf way down the hall35Sentencesn/h/ nHelen hit the head of the nail with a heavy hammer.n Henry hid himself behind a high hedge. n Harold greeted me with a hearty hello and handshake.n The hunter and his huge horse hid behind the house.36What are affricates(破擦音）? Affricates are sounds produced by blocking off the breadth-stream between the tongue and gum ridge, for a stop and a fricative. The term means a “blend”: consisting of a stop and a fricative. /t/d/37Warming-up exercises: /t/ talk big / a bad taste tidy up / tailor-made /d/ out of date / from dawn to dusk day in and day out / dog days / put in the shade / a sharp-sighted man/a shallow-headed man / have no shame / take no measures / the Treasury /adopt effective measures / at ones leisure38Postalveolar(后龈音): /t/ /d/ Sideviewforthearticulationof/t/ /d/Postalveolar (后龈音后龈音): / / 39404142Phrases / t / have a chat / a blank cheque / the chief editor / a charming young lady / a child of nature cherish it / rise to challenge/d/ jump at the chance / join hands with stew in one s own juice / a plain Jane a joint venture / make a sound judgment43Sentences / t/ Dont be fooled. She is no chicken. There is nothing to choose between them. She has no choice but to quit the job. They are chewing the fat to cheat the journey.44/d/ She has done a jolly good job. You must be joking. If you hurt her she will bear you a grudge. Id like to have some orange juice.45Tongue twistersChuck cheap chocolate chips Try Gerrys charming German cherry gin. Janes drainboard drain just drained Janes drainage.46Listening Exercise Sound discrimination1. fine vinen2. fast vastn3. leaf leaven4. rifle rivaln5. first thirstn6. free threen7. seem themen8. mouse mouthn9. day theyn10. wordy worthy 11. looselose12. lacerlaser13. glacierglazier14. assureazure15. shoechew16. cashcatch17. chokejoke18. batchesbadges19. washedwatched20. sharechair47Listening Exercise Sounds for information (315)1.A.Yes,didyouwinit?B.Yes,itsreallycheap.2.A.Calladoctor!B.Callawaiter.3.A.No,heisnt.B.No,sheisnt.4.A.Amovie.B.Mycar.5.A.No,notalot.B.Itshisfavouritecereal.6.A.Aplacetowalk.B.Asuccessfulresultinanexam.7.A.Yes,itsfree.B.Yes,itsthree.8.A.Imsorrytohearthat.B.Sheslucky.9.A.Yes,thewholevillagewasinflames.B.Yes,itsasilverframe.10. A.Didyouseethewindmakingthingsroll?B.Windfromthesouthalwaysbringsniceweather.48Listening Exercise Sounds for information 1.Isnt this a good prize?2.Theres something in my ice!3.Is he busy?4.What were you washing?5.Does Jack eat mush?6.What does path mean?7.Did you say the number is free?8.The news brought her great pressure.9.Did you see the frame?10.We didnt expect such a southern wind.49Speaking Exercise - sounds for information1.They laughed for a long time.They last for a long time.2.He said free, didnt he?He said three, didnt he?3.We need someone to clean the dishes.We need someone to clean the ditches.4.How much did the sink cost?How much did the zinc cost?5.All the kids were laughing at the choke.All the kids were laughing at the joke.6.They were glad to see the ships.They were glad to see the chips.7.Nobody saw the fawns in the grass.Nobody saw the thorns in the grass.8.It is difficult to explain the loss.It is difficult to explain the laws.9.Lets look at the other hearth.Lets look at the other half.10.The sudden wind brought heavy rainfall.The southern wind brought heavy rainfall.50Speaking Exercise sounds in perception and production1. a. What does faith mean?Belief.b. What does face mean?Surface.2. a. How do you spell math?MATH.b. How do you spell mass?MASS.3. a. How do you like Rods place?Ive never been to his place.b. How do you like Rods plays?Most of them are very good.4. a. Did anyone explain the loss?Yes. It was a terrible loss.b. Did anyone explain the laws?Yes. It was quite complicated.5. a. Wheres the other half?Its in the desk.b. Wheres the other hearth?Look for the fireplace.51 Speaking Exercise sounds in perception and production6. a.Whatwastheprice?Youmeanthenetprice?b.Whatwastheprize?Aprizecup.7. a.Howareyougoingtosawthefrozenmeat?Weneedatool.b.Howareyougoingtothawthefrozenmeat?Putitintothemicrowave-oven.8. a.Whatdoesfearmean?Tobeafraid.b.Whatdoesveermean?Tochangedirectionfast.9. a.Doyouhaveaview?Yes,Icanseethelake.b.Doyouhaveafew?Yes,Ihaveatleastten.10.a.Whatdoeschattermean?Totalkfast.b.Whatdoesshattermean?Tobreakglass.52Speaking Exercise sounds in perception and production1. a. What does faith mean?Belief.b. What does face mean?Surface.2. a. How do you spell math?MATH.b. How do you spell mass?MASS.3. a. How do you like Rods place?Ive never been to his place.b. How do you like Rods plays?Most of them are very good.4. a. Did anyone explain the loss?Yes. It was a terrible loss.b. Did anyone explain the laws?Yes. It was quite complicated.5. a. Wheres the other half?Its in the desk.b. Wheres the other hearth?Look for the fireplace.6. a. What was the price?You mean the net price?b. What was the prize?A prize cup.7. a. How are you going to saw the frozen meat?We need a tool.b. How are you going to thaw the frozen meat?Put it into the microwave-oven.8. a. What does fear mean?To be afraid.b. What does veer mean?To change direction fast.9. a. Do you have a view?Yes, I can see the lake.b. Do you have a few?Yes, I have at least ten.10.a. What does chatter mean?To talk fast.b. What does shatter mean?To break glass.53Reading aloud Slow foodItaliansknowandlovegoodfood.Itsattheheartoftheirculture.Theydontliketorushthroughmeals,either.In1986,somethinghappenedinItaly.AMcDonaldsopenedinRome.ManyItaliansweresurprisedandangry.Theythought,“ThisisanattackonItalianculture!”Oneman,CarlPetrini,decidedtofightback.“Fastfoodistheenemy,”hesaid.HestartedagroupcalledSlowFood.Today,about80,000peoplefromover100countriesbelongtothegroup.ItbeganasahumorousbutdeterminedattempttopreserveItalianfoodsandsupportsmallrestaurantsfromthepressuresofinternationalfastfoodcompanies.Ithasgrownintoaninternationalmovementtopreservelocalfoodsandculinarytraditionsandtoconserveagriculturalbiodiversity.Fastfoodisreachingmoreandmorepartsoftheworld.ButSlowFoodisgettingitsmessagetomoreandmorepeople,too.54Reading aloud Identify words that are stressed first.Pay special attention to the pronunciation of fricatives & affricates.1.Italians know and love good food. 2.Its at the heart of their culture. 3.They dont like to rush through meals.4.Something happened in Italy. 5.Many Italians were surprised and angry. 6.Petrini decided to fight back. 7.“Fast food is the enemy,” he said. 8.He started a group called Slow Food. 9.It began as a humorous but determined attempt.10.They want to preserve Italian foods.11.It has grown into an international movement.12.They are trying to preserve local foods and culinary traditions.13.They are trying to conserve agricultural biodiversity. 14.Fast food is reaching more and more parts of the world. 15.Slow Food is getting its message to more and more people.55结束！结束！