Confessions of a Miseducated ManNorman Cousins1R einforcementT ext AnalysisConfessions of a Miseducated ManB ackgroundW arming upUnit 92Questions / ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesWBTRHalf a DayUnit 1Warming up3Warming upWhat is a confessionconfession? -a formal statement that youve done sth.wrong or illegal;-a private statement to a priest about the bad things youve done;4 miseducated & uneducated An uneducated person is one who has received no formal school education while a miseducated person is one who has received formal education but is educated in a wrong way. Cf. Ex-1 about mis- on p.3205Did you well predict the topic of the essay? Why/not? What would you see as the biggest difference among human beings, language, religion, or political /ideological system?What about their most important similarity?Do you agree if some people say that globalization is the strategy of cultural differences?6In pairs, discuss & prepare to respondWhat does the author want to say in the essay? Can you pick out the sentence(s) you think best express(es) his idea? According to the author, what is the most important similarity among human beings? Do you agree with him on that? And what are those superficial differences? Is it true that there are more similarities than differences in human beings? What are the basic lessons of a new education?What is the importance of such a new education? to be continued7(cont.)How would you relate the issue of this essay to that of Another School YearWhat For? and The Green Banana?Can you see any significance in proposing such an issue now?8BackgroundCulture TipsAuthorHalf a DayUnit 1GenreTimeBWTR9Norman CousinsNorman Cousins1915-1990BackgroundAuthor10Some of his life history possibly related to the essayBorn in New Jersey, 1915 & deceased in 1990;Educated in & graduated from Columbia University Teachers College;Editor of Saturday Review for 35 yrs;Lifelong concerns including world peace, world governance, justice, human freedom, health, etc.;Proponent of world federalism & world government;Traveled extensively in Europe & Asia and then published Who Speaks for Man? in 1953;BackgroundAuthor11What is world federalism? World Federalism means having democratically accountable political institutions to deal with issues at the most appropriate level, according to the principle of subsidiary. BackgroundAuthor12In the book, Cousins expanded his arguments for world federalism and for a world no longer based on the supremacy of nationalism and other superficial differences as follows: “The new education must be less concerned with sophistication than compassion. It must recognize the hazards of tribalism. It must teach man the most difficult lesson of allto look at someone anywhere in the world and be able to see the image of himself. The old emphasis upon superficial differences that separate peoples must give way to education for citizenship in the human community. ” Cf. para.7 Cf. para.7 BackgroundAuthor13And he continued, “ With such an education and with such self-understanding, it is possible that some nation or people may come forward with the vital inspiration that men need no less than food. Leadership on this higher level does not require mountains of gold or thundering propaganda. It is concerned with human destiny. Human destiny is the issue. People will respond.” Cf. para. 11Cf. para. 11BackgroundAuthor14He concluded the book with: “ War is an invention of the human mind. The human mind can invent peace with justice.”BackgroundAuthor15DetailedAnalysisCharacterAnalysisStructureThemeUnit 9Text AnalysisTWBRConfessions of a Miseducated Man16Organization of the textPart 1 (para.1)Part 2 (paras.2-6)Part 3 (paras.7-11)Introduction: what Im going to say in the article; Awareness of my education being inadequate for a new time & a new world in its focus on the differences among peoples while with the similarities among them by-passed;A new type of education is therefore necessary, with which we can recognize the fact that human life is a rare occurrence, that all peoples belong to one single human species with common capacities, and are united with their common needs. With such vital understanding we can work together for the common welfare and for the human destiny;Detailed Analysis17part IIIn pairs, work on the questions for comprehensionWhat kind of test does the author suggest? What marks the differences between the world in 1850 and the world now?Why is Asia and Africa the best place to apply the test? What does the authors education teach him? Give examples.Why does he say that his education protected me against surprise?What does the education fail to teach him? Do you agree with him on that? What time doe it possibly refer to in at a time at the end of para.4?What is the idea in the first sentence of para.5? What are the things I had to forget in para.5 ?When was possibly only a few years ago?What does an education in differences of references possibly mean?Detailed Analysis18paraphrasingIn short, my education protected me against surprise. (para.3)In a word, the education I had had taught me enough about the differences among peoples so that I wouldnt feel surprised at what I saw however different they might be. Detailed Analysis19paraphrasingBut what my education failed to do was to teach me that the principal significance of such differences was that they were largely without significance. (para.4)The education I had did not teach me to see the fact that the main meaning of recognizing such differences was that they were not meaningful in a great measure (if compared with the meaning of understanding the similarities).20paraphrasingMy education had by-passed the similarities. (para.4)The education I had had did not teach me/avoided dealing with the similarities among peoples. 21paraphrasingIt was the mark of a rounded man to be well traveled. One sign/indication of a person who has had a well-rounded (not one-sided), complete education is that s/he has been to many places or countries. Detailed Analysis22Words & expressions to put it to the test to apply (cf.Ex-7-1,2, p.324)adequate, enough, sufficient Not that(cf. L2, p.30) a birds-eye view to protect sb.against sth. a five-note scale (Ex-7) all butto wipe out to act on (cf. L 6, para.7) be at home to turn out (that)(cf.L7) to have sth.in common to build on to get through 23 adequate, enough, or sufficient?He was not tall _ to carry a rifle. We lacked_ funds to finish the project. I dont think she is_as the team leader. enoughsufficientadequateKey words and expressions24Not that(para 5, Lesson 2)Review & practice:Weve been happy together for half a centurynot thatnot that we never quarreled. I stopped and picked you upnot thatnot that I was not afraid.We will not include the chapter on constitutional law in this textbook. Not Not thatthat it is irrelevant. Its just too difficult for the students to understand.她没买那件外套，不是不喜欢，而是觉得太贵了。She did not buy the coatnot not thatthat she did not like it. She just felt that it was too expensive. Key words and expressions25 to protectagainstto keep sb./sth. safe against / fromObserve and practiceKids should be protected fromprotected from all that violence.Its skin protectsprotects it againstagainst predatorsTake these vitamins to protect againstprotect against minor infections. 我们已做好了一切准备以防营地被偷袭。Weve done all the preparations to protectprotect the base againstagainst surprise attacks. Cf. Ex-3-2, p.322Key words and expressions26all butalmost completelyObserve and practiceTheir screams all butall but drowned out the music. I all butall but got attacked by the two timber wolves when Maheegun came to my rescue. 我们差一点儿就输掉了比赛。We all butall but lost the game. Cf. Ex-3-4, p.322Key words and expressions27 to wipe outto destroy, remove, get rid of sth. CompletelyObserve and practiceHalf the population was wiped outwiped out by plague. The heat has wipedwiped me outout. (informal, to make sb.feel extremely tired/exhausted)Compare: The price will wipewipe the smile off off his face. In a few years this species could be wiped offwiped off the face of the earth. Cf. Ex-3-6, 12, p.322Key words and expressions28to act on (para.7, Lesson 6, p.143) to do sth because of to do sth because of ; the one making no distinctions of good and evil, acting on no principles; the one making no distinctions of good and evil, acting on no principlesShe is acting onacting on the advice of her lawyers.Police say they acted onacted on information received他凡事都凭自愿。He acted onacted on his own initiative all the time.Key words and expressions29to turn out (that)(para. 5, Lesson 7) to happen in a particular wayto happen in a particular way (p.170)to see if they had any decent wines in that country. As it (p.170)to see if they had any decent wines in that country. As it turned outturned out, they hadnt. , they hadnt. I was a bit doubtful at first, but it turned outturned out to be a really good idea. Key words and expressions30Part IIIIn groups of four or five, work on the questions about paras 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11 (Cf. Question sheet for group work)Group 1: para. 7Group 2: para. 8Group 3: para. 9Group 4: para. 10Group 5: para. 11Detailed AnalysisText Analysis31Para. 7 1. What is “the great compression” that “came overnight”?2. What can we get to know about theevolution of tribalism in interculturalcommunication in “tribalism had persistedfrom earliest times, though it had takenrefined forms”? What are those “refined forms”? Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis32Para. 7 3. Compared with the education mentioned in Para. 6, what can be expected from “an education in self-recognition”? Para. 8 1. What is the fact exactly in “we begin with the fact that universe itself does not hold life cheaply”?Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis33Para. 8 2. What sort of faculty or gift is “a creative intelligence”? What does it enable man to do in the authors view? Can you explain “to reflect and foresee, to take in past experience, and also to visualize future needs”? Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis34Para. 10 1. How would you understand “Next in order would be instruction in the unity of human needs”?2. Why does the author say “However friendly the universe may be, it has left the conditions of human existence precariously balanced”? What are “the conditions of human existence”? Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis35 Para. 103. How can we use “self-understanding in the cause of human welfare”?4. What are “the engines we have created that threaten to alter the precarious balance on which life depends”? Can you give some examples? Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis36Para. 111. What does “some nation or people” possibly refer to in the text?2. What sort of “leadership” is the author talking about? Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis37Paraphrasing (para.7)The old emphasis upon superficial differences had to give way to education for mutuality and for citizenship in the human community. The traditional education with the emphasis on the superficial differences between different peoples, different cultures, etc. should be replaced by a new type of education focusing on mutual respect, mutual understanding, equality interdependence and how to be a citizen in the whole human community. Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis38Paraphrasing (para.8)Life is a rare occurrence amongthat occupy space. (So far weve not yet found any sign of life in outer space.) Human life may well be the only life form in the universe, so it is more than precious ( It thus implies that the respect for the only and precious life is the very basis on which we build the future world community.)39Words & expressions all at once; in liberation from; to persist; refined forms; to give way to; to take a form; to take in; to count; notbut; be capable of; to respond to; to seek to do sth.; to threaten to do sth.; to alter the balance; to concern; to come forward; thundering propaganda; human destiny40 to give way toto give its place to sth.better, to be replaced byThe traditional extended family has now given way togiven way to the nuclear family. Coal is dirty and will have to give way togive way to gas or other cleaner energy. Cf. Ex-3-9, 14, p. 322Key words and expressions41 to take into understand and remember;I told Grandpa we were going away, but I dont think he took it intook it in. 小孩子很难理解社会责任的全部意义。It is hard for children to take intake in the full meaning of social responsibility. Cf. Ex-3-3, p.322Key words and expressions42 to respond to Observe & practice:to react to sth.that has been said or done;Clive responded toresponded to my suggestion with a laugh. The US responded toresponded to the challenge by sending troops into Iraq. 至今还没有人对我们的抱怨作出回应。No one has yet responded toresponded to our complaints. *Her cancer failed to respond torespond to treatment. ( to improve as a result of a particular kind of treatment) Cf. Ex-3-1,13, p.322Key words and expressions43 to concernIf sth.concerns you, it affects/involves you; The price of water will concernconcern many people. (not in passive)to make sb.feel worried/upset;That Bess did not work to save for her old age really concernedconcerned Lottie. to be continued44 cont. If a story/book/report concerns sb./sth., it is about them;This essay concerns (is about)concerns (is about) how the author thinks of his education in the past years. to be continued45Observe & Learn:Related phrasal verbs Many people are concerning concerning themselves with environmental problems. (becoming involved) Ross is never particularly concerned aboutconcerned about what other people think of him. ( (worriedworried) ) The officials seem to be far more concerned withconcerned with getting selected than with making people feel satisfied with their work. (meaning “believing sth is important”; Notice: this concerned with should never be used before a noun)46 to come forward(with/as/to do sth.) to offer yourself for a job, election,etc.More women are coming forward ascoming forward as candidates than even before.我们需要更多的志愿者提供帮助。We need more volunteers to come forward tocome forward to help. (cf. to pitch in, L5)A girl has come forward withcome forward with (offer help to sb.who needs or has asked for it) a description of the murderer.Cf. to rise to the occasion in Lesson 6 (ppt. 41)Key words and expressions47 to rise to the occasion /challenge(para. 2, Lesson 6 The Man in the Water) to deal successfully with a difficult situation or problem, （成功地）应对，得体地）应付，e.g., *We are calling on all our employees to rise to the occasionrise to the occasion and become more efficient and productive. *The team rose to the challengerose to the challenge and fought back to produce another goal. *我们应该教会孩子如何应付紧急情况。Key words and expressions48RWBTUnit 9ReinforcementRetellingRetellingDiscussionDiscussionConfessions of a Miseducated Man49Topics for DiscussionIs it true that there are more similarities among people? Or just vice versa? What do you think is the proper attitude towards the differences and similarities among peoples? How would relate the issue of the essay to that of Another School Year-What For? and that of The Green Banana? Can you see any significance in proposing such an issue now?Some people say that globalization is the strategy of cultural differences. Do you agree? Oral work50