非谓语动词非谓语动词Non-predicateVerbs 高三英语总复习高三英语总复习非非谓谓语语不定式（不定式（to do)分词分词动名词（动名词（-ing)过去分词过去分词(-ed)现在分词现在分词(-ing)- Ing形式形式一：构成一：构成-ed形式形式1.谓语动词：谓语动词：2.非谓语动词：非谓语动词：在句子中在句子中担任谓语担任谓语的动词的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，通俗地说，就是就是不能作谓语不能作谓语的动词变形）的动词变形）二二：谓语动词与非谓语动词：谓语动词与非谓语动词判别判别谓语动词谓语动词及及非谓语动词非谓语动词的方法的方法1.She got off the bus, She got off the bus, _ _ (leave) her handbag on her seat.(leave) her handbag on her seat.2. She got off the bus, 2. She got off the bus, butbut _ _ (leave) her handbag on her seat.(leave) her handbag on her seat.leavingleft非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子一个句子一个句子一个句子当中，当中，当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句主句主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）（谓语动词）（谓语动词）, ,又没有又没有又没有又没有连词连词连词连词的情况下的情况下的情况下的情况下, , 还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。 由此可见，由此可见，连词连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。1.The man took out the key, _ (open) the door and entered the room.2. The man sat there, _ (read) a book.3. _ (work) hard, and you will succeed.4. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.5. _(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.openedreadingWorkdiscussedToimprove 非谓语非谓语动词动词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语宾补宾补状语状语不定式不定式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词三三：非谓语动词的句法作用：非谓语动词的句法作用 1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词 4.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.5.Iwanttoseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.Heisthemantoseeyou.9.Imgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）12.Swimming is his favorite sport. 13.He enjoys swimming. 14.I found him swimming in the river. 15.His favorite sport is swimming.16.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 17. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.(作主语作主语作主语作主语) )( (作宾语作宾语作宾语作宾语) )( (作宾补作宾补作宾补作宾补) )(作表语作表语)( (作状语作状语作状语作状语) )( (作定语作定语作定语作定语) )动词不定式动词不定式一一.动词不定式的基本构成动词不定式的基本构成由不定式符号由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成不定式构成主动态主动态被动态被动态一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式完成进行式完成进行式todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoingtohavebeendoing 1. 1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词不定式的动作与谓语动词不定式的动作与谓语动词不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时同时发生时同时发生时同时发生时，或，或，或，或之后之后之后之后发生用一般时态发生用一般时态发生用一般时态发生用一般时态 1) He wanted 1) He wanted _ (see) you. (see) you. 2) I hope 2) I hope _(see) you again.2. 2. 强调不定式的动作强调不定式的动作强调不定式的动作强调不定式的动作正在进行时正在进行时正在进行时正在进行时，用进行时态，用进行时态，用进行时态，用进行时态 When I came in, he pretended When I came in, he pretended (read) a book. a book. 3. 3. 强调强调强调强调 不定式的动作不定式的动作不定式的动作不定式的动作在谓语动词之前在谓语动词之前在谓语动词之前在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时发生时，用不定式完成时发生时，用不定式完成时发生时，用不定式完成时 He is said He is said _ (write) a novel last year. a novel last year. 4. 4. 强调动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并可能持续下去强调动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并可能持续下去强调动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并可能持续下去强调动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并可能持续下去 时，用时，用时，用时，用完成进行式完成进行式完成进行式完成进行式 She is said She is said (work) on the problem on the problem for many years. for many years. toseeto seeto be readingtohavewrittentohavebeenworkingtohavebeenworking二二.不定式时态的用法不定式时态的用法不定式时态的用法不定式时态的用法当不定式的当不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语是不定式的是不定式的承受者承受者时，用时，用被动语态被动语态Itisanhonorforme_(ask)tospeakhere.Sheasked_(send)toworkinTibet.Thebookissaid_(translate)intoEnglish.tobesenttohavebeentranslated三三.不定式被动语态的用法不定式被动语态的用法不定式被动语态的用法不定式被动语态的用法tobeasked1.Tomhappened_(pass)bywhentheyspokeillofhim.2.Weallhope_(become)scientists.3.Weallwant_(take)partinthesportsmeet.4.Ihappened_(read)thearticlewhenheaskedmeaboutit.5.Hepretended_(be)adriver.6.Whenthefathercamehome,thenaughtyboypretended_(do)hishomework.tobepassingtobecometotaketohavereadtobetobedoing7.Heissaidto7.Heissaidto_(write)anovelnow.anovelnow.bewritingbewriting8.Heissaid_(send)toLondonalready.9.Sheissaid_(meet)afairyoneday.10.Aliceissaid_(do)herhomeworkinherownroomnow.11.Idontexpectthem_(wait)formewhenIarrivedtheresolate.12.Theseboysaresaid_(praise)fordoinggoodsdeeds.tohavebeensenttohavemettobedoingtobewaitingtobepraised动动词词不不定定式式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补1.作主语作主语 To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将todo放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It+谓语谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_(get)therebybus.句型句型2：Its+n.+todoItsourduty_(help)thepoor. Itisagreatenjoyment_(spend)ourholidayinthemountainstogettohelptospend四四.动词不定式的句法作用动词不定式的句法作用句型句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的 ）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的 ）It is easy _ me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor _ us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind _ you to give me some help.Its impolite _ you to speak to the teacher like that.forforofof常见动词有：常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择 want, decide, hope, agree, choose, wish, need ,promise2.作宾语作宾语 Iwanttoknowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等等Idontexpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语接不定式做宾语1 I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.1 I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.2. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. she was in her twenties.3. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand. 3. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand. to go to go to dance to dance to give to give 2). find /feel/think/supposeit+adj.+to do sth.1. 不定式与动名词不定式与动名词无区别无区别startbegincontinue注意注意 下列情况中下列情况中begin和和start后须接后须接不定式不定式主语是物不是人主语是物不是人 Spring came on, and the snow began to melt.begin和和start用于进行时态用于进行时态 Its beginning to snow.后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如：后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如：understand,realize,know I began to realize how stupid I was.后接不定式被动式后接不定式被动式 The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980s.注意下列动词注意下列动词beginbeginstartstartcontinuecontinue +to do to do doingdoing2. 不定式与动名词区别不定式与动名词区别细微细微后接后接动名词动名词表示表示经常性的动作经常性的动作，多指一个人的爱好、，多指一个人的爱好、习惯等，后接习惯等，后接不定式不定式表示表示具体的特定的某一次动作具体的特定的某一次动作 I like _ (swim) in summer. I didnt like _ (swim) that day.swimmingto swimlikelovehatepreferlearn+to dodoingrememberforgetregret+to dodoingtrymeanstopgo on cant help+Exx.1.The teacher is coming, lets stop _ (talk).2.She tried _ (read), but couldnt make her forget her trouble.3.He forgot even _ (write) to me, so he wrote another one.4.I remember _ (bring) the book to you last week.5.I regret _ (tell) that we cant take your advice.6. Revolution means _(liberate) the productive forces.7. Go on _ (do) the other exercise after you have finished this one.8. Though it began to rain, they went on _ (get) In the crops on the field.talkingreadingwritingbringingto tellliberatingto dogetting3.作表语作表语注意一致性注意一致性 _(do) two things at a time is to do neither _ (see) is to believe. Todo Tosee主语中含有主语中含有实义动词实义动词do时时,这时不定式这时不定式可省略可省略toAll you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.4 4）作定语：）作定语：sth.须放在所修饰的名词或代词须放在所修饰的名词或代词后后。 I have a meeting to attend.不定式为不定式为vi.时，其后应有必要的介词，如：时，其后应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with?to do(动作执行者是主句的主语）动作执行者是主句的主语）to be done (动作执行者不是主句的主语）动作执行者不是主句的主语）I have some clothes to wash./to be washed.一般修饰一般修饰将要去做的事将要去做的事She has a lot of work to do in the morning. Therebe句型中不定式句型中不定式todo和和tobedone都可表都可表被动，可以不区别。被动，可以不区别。Therearealotofthingstodo/tobedonethisafternoon.Mr.Smith，Ihavesomequestions_(ask).Pleasegivemesomebooks_(read).Imgoingtothepostoffice;doyouhaveanything_(send)？tobesenttoasktoread the first /last /best /only to do（主动式）（主动式）1.Im hungry. Get me something_ (eat).2.He will show you the right path_ (take).3.Those who have questions _ (ask) put up your hands.4.The books _ (send) to the poor mountain areas next week have been here.to eatto take5. He has a lot of work _ (do) today, so he cant go with us.6. We have a composition _ (write).7. He told me about the things_ (discuss) at the next meeting.8. They have paid for the house _(build) next year.to askto be sentto doto writeto be discussedto be built表目的表目的： in order（not）to do so as (not) to do 不能放在句首不能放在句首 （not )to do He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时，注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：要一致：To save money, every means has been tried.To save money, he has tried every means.To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 5）作状语：作状语： 表结果表结果：so as to do sth.such as to do sth.adj/adv+ enough to do sth.too to do sth.only to do sth.He hurried to school only to find it was Sunday.To be honest/To tell you the truth/To be frankTo speak franklyTo make things worseTo strart/begin withTo be exactTo make a long story short独立成分（单独使用）：独立成分（单独使用）：6）作宾语补足语：作宾语补足语：带带to 的动词的动词 sb. to do sth.不带不带to 的动词的动词 sb. do sth.(但改为被动语态但改为被动语态 时，不定式时，不定式要加要加to)一感：一感：feel + sb + do sth.二听二听: hear, listen to三使役三使役: let, make, have五看五看: see, watch, look at, observe, notice半帮助半帮助：help sb. (to )do sth.Eg. Teacher made him do that again and again. He was made to do that again and again.不能用此结构的。不能用此结构的。sb.to do sth. (hope,demand,suggest,agree,refuse,inform,arrange there to be Eg. The headmaster declared there to be a meeting.一一.动名词的基本构成动名词的基本构成主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式doingbeingdone完成式完成式havingdonehaving been done动名词动名词Weareinterestedin_(play)football.Heisafraidof_(leave)athome.Iamsorryfornot_(keep)mypromise.Thehouseshowedsomesignsof_(destroy).playingbeinglefthavingkepthavingbeendestroyed二二.动名词的作用动名词的作用1.作主语作主语Seeing is believing.Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its+ a shame +doing a waste of time/money useless dangerousThereisno+doing.=Itsimpossibletodosth.动名词动名词动名词动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作表示经常性、反复发生的动作表示经常性、反复发生的动作表示经常性、反复发生的动作 不定式不定式不定式不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作表示具体的、某一次的动作表示具体的、某一次的动作表示具体的、某一次的动作 To do morning exercises today is not good for health. Doing morning exercises every day is good for health. To smoke here is dangerous. Smoking is not a good habit.todo表示具体的动作表示具体的动作-ing表示泛指的动作表示泛指的动作 Her work is _( look ) after the children.My aim is _( go ) to Tsing Hua University.One of my bad habits is _(bite )nails. 2.作表语作表语3.作宾语作宾语 S. + vt.+ doing在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：常见的这类动词有：避免错过避免错过 (少) 延期延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建议完成建议完成 (多) 练习练习 suggest / advise finish practise喜欢想象喜欢想象 禁不住禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help承认承认否定否定 (与) 嫉妒嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脱逃脱冒险冒险 (莫)原谅原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受忍受保持保持 (不) 在意在意 stand keep / keep on mind prefer.to.lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveup S.+ keepon +doing succeedincanthelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)作介词作介词/短语动词的宾语短语动词的宾语:S. + v. + prep. + doing主动表被动主动表被动: wantneedSth.+require+doingbeworth doingtobedone1.Mostofthemobjectedto_(leave)insuchahurry.2.These men have devoted themselves to _ (train) young man in order to set the worlds record.3. How about Li Ming _ (help) you with the job.4.Themotherwarnedhersonagainst_(fight)withotherboys.5.Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed_(catch).6.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelp_(persuade)intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.7.Whileweredevelopingagricultureandindustrywemustpreventearth_(pollute).leavingtraininghelpingfightingbeing caught being persuadedbeing polluted动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。一般放在被修饰词的前面。e.g.awashingmachine=amachinewhichisusedforwashingareadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreading4.作定语作定语5.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构1).物主代词物主代词/名词所有格名词所有格+动名词动名词在句中作主语在句中作主语:_latemadeherteacherangry._wasagreatencouragementtous._wontbeofmuchhelp.2).宾格代词宾格代词/名词普通格名词普通格+动名词动名词在句中作宾语在句中作宾语:Imsureof_ontime.Hehasneverheardof_apilot.Idontmind_.Shehates_.3).名词普通格名词普通格+动名词动名词在句中作在句中作主语主语:物主代词物主代词+动名词动名词在句中作在句中作宾语宾语:Doyoumind_?Doyoumind_yourpaper?MaryscomingmysmokinghisreadingTheircomingtohelpRosesgoingyoungpeople(them)smokingJack(him)leavingawomanbeinghimcomingAnyonesmokingherewillbefined.1.他杰克没准时到他杰克没准时到火车站使得我们大家都很担心。火车站使得我们大家都很担心。to the station on time made all of us worried.HisJacks not getting2.我杰克现在离开我杰克现在离开你介意吗？你介意吗？Do you mind now?mymeJack leaving3.学生学好了英语学生学好了英语对学习法语有帮助。对学习法语有帮助。 well will help them to learn FrenchThe students knowing English4.我记得我记得汤姆去过汤姆去过那里。那里。I remember thereTom going5.你今天下午能回电话的话，我将非常感谢。你今天下午能回电话的话，我将非常感谢。I would appreciate back this afternoonyour calling6.玛丽坚持要我看信。玛丽坚持要我看信。Mary insisted on the lettermy reading _ in an atmosphere of simple living _ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. was what her parents wished for. A.ThegirlwaseducatedB.ThegirleducatedC.ThegirlsbeingeducatedD.Thegirltobeeducated Ann never dreams of _ for her to be Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon. sent abroad very soon. A.therebeingachanceB.theretobeachanceC.therebeachanceD.beingachanceCA I don I dont mind _ the decision as long t mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. as it is not too late. A.youtodelaymakingB.yourdelayingmakingC.youdelayingtomakeD.youdelaytomake I would appreciate _ it a secret. I would appreciate _ it a secret.A.yourkeepingB.youtokeepC.thatyoukeepD.thatyouwillkeepHe insisted on the windows _ open He insisted on the windows _ open while he was sleeping. while he was sleeping. A.leftB.beingleftC.leavingD.beleftBAB6.The road _ caused us to be 6.The road _ caused us to be for our work for half an hour. for our work for half an hour. A.blockedB.wasblockedC.blockingD.beingblocked7.The concerned mother was thrilled at 7.The concerned mother was thrilled at the news of his son _ to the news of his son _ to college.college. A.hadbeenadmittedB.admitted C.havingbeenadmittedD.havingadmittedDC 及及物物动词主主动语态被被动语态现在分在分词一般式一般式 完成式完成式 过去分去分词一般式一般式doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonedone一一.分词的概述分词的概述分词：分词：Participles现在分词与过去分词的区别：现在分词与过去分词的区别：语态上：语态上：现在分词表现在分词表主动主动，过去分词表，过去分词表被动被动DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.时态上：时态上：现在分词表现在分词表进行进行，过去分词表，过去分词表完成完成developingcountry,boilingwaterdevelopedcountry,boiledwaterThebuilding_isourlibrary._,thequestionwassolved.Aswevisitedthevillage,wesawnewhouses_._offtheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons._hisfathersletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.被动式：被动式： 完成式：完成式：beingrepairedHavingbeingdiscussedbeingputupHavingturnedNothavingreceived1、作定语、作定语（1）前置定语）前置定语Heisapromisingyoungman.Makelessnoise.Theresasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我们只卖用过的书。我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语）后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。如：相当于一个定语从句。如：TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.二、分词的作用二、分词的作用Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.ThosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhereThosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory. 2、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,sb.+doing/donehave,get等词等词Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。我看见他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。我们发现小孩睡着了。A）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB）Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.a.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别3、作状语、作状语现在分词表现在分词表主动进行主动进行，过去分词表，过去分词表被动完成被动完成(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter. Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.HearingHearing the bad news, the bad news, theythey couldnt help crying couldnt help crying.When they heard the bad newsb.分词作状语相当于状语从句分词作状语相当于状语从句Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.If they had been given more attentionBeing so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.Because he was so angryThey came into the classroom,singing and laughing.To serve the people well, I study hard. In order to serve the people well将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Because she was movedBecause she was moved by the hero by the hero, , she decided to study harder. she decided to study harder.Moved by the hero,Moved by the hero,2. When he found the door locked, he went home.Finding the door locked,3.He started early in order that he could get there on time.to get there on time分词练习分词练习Thisistheproblem_(discuss)atthemeetingnow._（tell)manytimes,hestillcouldntunderstandit._(do)hishomework,hewentoutforplay.Hesentmeane-mail,_(hope)togetmoreadvice_(notknow)whattodo,hephonedhimagain._(punish)bytheteacher,hefeltsad._(notreceive)ananswer,hedecidedtowriteantherletter.beingdiscussedHavingbeentoldHavingdonehopingNotknowingPunishedNot having received三三、分词分词独立主格结构独立主格结构独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语状语状语状语，表，表，表，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。-ing-ing分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语-ed-ed分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语形容词及其短语形容词及其短语形容词及其短语形容词及其短语不定式及其短语不定式及其短语不定式及其短语不定式及其短语副词及其短语副词及其短语副词及其短语副词及其短语介词及其短语介词及其短语介词及其短语介词及其短语名词名词/代词代词+当分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时，要给出当分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时，要给出它自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。它自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。重点重点The job finished, we went home. The weather being fine, we went swimming. He being absent, nothing could be done.相当于：相当于：After the job was finished, we went home. Because the weather was fine, we went swimming. Because he was absent, nothing could be done. 1.Themoon_,theydecidedtogoonwiththeir1.Themoon_,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.journey.Themoon_,Themoon_,sosotheydecidedtogoonwiththeirtheydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.journey.2.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacher_.2.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacher_.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,andandtheirteacher_.theirteacher_.3.Good-bye_,wewenthome.3.Good-bye_,wewenthome.AfterAftergood-bye_,wewenthome.good-bye_,wewenthome.4.Allthings_,itisagoodplan.4.Allthings_,itisagoodplan.BecauseBecauseallthings_,itisagoodplan.allthings_,itisagoodplan.sayconsiderfollowappearappearingappearingappearedappearedfollowingfollowingwasfollowingwasfollowingsaidsaidwassaidwassaidconsideredconsideredwasconsideredwasconsidered5.Theweather_hot,weallwentswimming.5.Theweather_hot,weallwentswimming.Theweather_hot,Theweather_hot,sosoweallwentswimming.weallwentswimming.6.Dinner_ready,thehostessaskedhergueststo6.Dinner_ready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.beseated.WhenWhen dinner_ready,thehostessaskedhergueststodinner_ready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.beseated.8.Shestoodthere,books_inhand.8.Shestoodthere,books_inhand.Shestoodthere,Shestoodthere,andand books_inhand.books_inhand.be(being)(being)waswas(being)(being)(being)(being)waswaswerewereHe rushed into the room,_. _, we continued to walk. _, we decided to put the meeting off. _, well have an outing tomorrow._, her paper is of greater value than yours. _, he handed it to the teacher.his face covered with sweatThe rain stoppingSo many students being absentWeather permittingAll things consideredThe composition written四四with+复合结构复合结构不定式不定式-ed分词分词-ing分词分词介词介词形容词形容词名词名词副词副词with+名词名词/代词代词+重点重点All the afternoon he worked All the afternoon he worked with the doorwith the door _(lock). _(lock).He died He died with his lifes work stillwith his lifes work still _(finish). _(finish).They are highly mechanized farms, They are highly mechanized farms, with machinerywith machinery _(do) _(do) most of the work. most of the work.This was a severe test, This was a severe test, with many difficultieswith many difficulties_ (overcome). (overcome).With the old manWith the old man _(lead), the two started toward the _(lead), the two started toward the mountains. mountains.She felt very nervous She felt very nervous with so many peoplewith so many people_ (look) at her._ (look) at her.lockedunfinishedto doto overcomeleading lookingDont speak with your mouth full.The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.He went out with his hat on.五五.独立使用的分词独立使用的分词( (不受主语的影响不受主语的影响不受主语的影响不受主语的影响) )generallyspeakingjudgingfrom/byconsideringconcerningproviding/providedsuppose/supposing