本单元教学特色n1、用图表和术语全面介绍叙述文的写作技巧和方法，n2、篇章结构分析，抓住关键点将课文有机的串起来，使学生迅速掌握课文。n3、独特的语言赏析角度，帮助学生把握分析语言的方法。LessonOnenFacetoFacewithHurricaneCamilleAims1.Toknowthewritingtechniqueofanarrative.2.Tobeacquaintedwithsomeliteraryterms3.Tolearntousewordstodescribedisastersandviolence4.Toappreciatethelanguagefeatures5.Tolearntowriteastoryaboutdisasters.TeachingContentsn1.Theliterarystylen2.Detailedstudyofthetextn3.Organizationalpatternn4.Languagefeaturesn5.ExercisesLessonOneTheme-manvsnatureTheliterarystyleApieceofnarrationismainlydevelopedintheactualtimesequence.Thewritertellsthereaderswhathappensfirst,whatnext.chronologicaldevelopmentTheLiterarytermsnarration-storytellingextendednarration-novelshistoriesbiographiesautobiographiestraveloguesTheLiterarytermsTheessentialsofnarration:1.characters2.plotAgoodstoryhasabeginning,amiddle,anend,eventhoughitmaystartinthemiddleoratsomeotherpointintheactionandmovebackwardtotheearlierhappenings.TheLiterarytermsNarrationisconcernedwithaction.Itgoesaroundpeoplecalledcharactersinsomekindofstruggleorconflictagainstotherpeople,nature,societyorthemselves.TheLiterarytermsprotagonist-leadingcharacterantagonist-thepeopleorforcesprotagonistfightsagainstsuspense-astateofuncertaintyTheLiterarytermsinterposition-apassagewhichisputbetweentheactionThepurposeistoaddmoreinformationtocreatesuspenseTheLiterarytermsflashback-interruptionofchronologicalsequencebyinterjectionofeventofearlieroccurrenceclimax-themostexciting,importantinterestingpartonthestory,denouement-theendingofastoryclimaxfallingactiondenouementrisingactionconflictbeginningsuspenseendingHurricane: a tropical storm in which winds attain speeds greater than 75 miles per hour. The term is often restricted to those storms occurring over the North Atlantic Ocean. Incipient hurricanes usually form over the tropical N Atlantic Ocean and mature as they drift westward. Hurricanes also occasionally form off the west coast of Mexico and move northeastward from that area. An average of 3.5 tropical storms per year eventually mature into hurricanes along the east coast of North America, usually over the Caribbean Sea or Gulf of Mexico. Similar storms occurring over the west Pacific Ocean and China Seas are called typhoons and those over the Indian Ocean are called tropical cyclones 飓风气旋. Hurricanes are given girls names and typhoon are given serial numbers.Thedetailedstudyofthetexthurricane-1.strongtropicalstorm2.strongfastwindwhichspeedsmorethan75mph120kilometers/h3.westernAtlanticOcean4.givenagirlsname;namedalphabetically/orderedaccordingtotheinitialletterThedetailedstudyofthetextSynonymsof“wind”:typhoon-1.WesternPacificOceanorChinaSea2.numberedwhirlwind-ageneralterm/circularwindtornado-visibleasatube-shapedcloudofdustwhichmovesinarelativelynarrowpathcanbedevastatinginitsdestructiveness.cyclone-avortex,usuallyhundredsofmilesindiametergale-ageneraltermforaverystrongwindcapableofdoingconsiderabledamagetopropertyScales of windtheBeaufortscale，蒲福风力等级(英国海军将领FrancisBeaufort1774-1857拟订,分0-12级),defineswindas:0clambreeze01lightbreeze1-3mph2slightbreeze4-73gentlebreeze8-124.moderatebreeze13185.freshbreeze1924theBeaufortscale6strongbreeze25-317moderategale32-388freshgale39-469stronggale47-5410wholegale55-6311storm64-7512hurricaneover75theBeaufortscaleThe Beaufort Scale defines a storm as a windhavingvelocityofbetween64and75milesanhour.ThedetailedstudyofthetextnJohn Koshake Jr. Jr. is the abbreviation of junior. Sr. is put after the name of the father. John Rockefeller I, John Rockefeller II,n Hurricane Camille would be bad - would be destructive /devastating / , terribly forcefulLashv.-tostrikewithgreatforce,tomoveviolentlyorsuddenlyeg:Thewaveslashedtheshore.Therainwaslashingagainstthewindows.TheJudgelasheddrug-dealers.抨击lashsbintoafury/rage/frenzy故意激怒Thecrowdwasbeinglashedintoafrenzybythespeaker.pummelv.npummel-spelledpommeltobeatsuddenlyorattackvigorouslytohitwithrepeatedblowsnCoastalcommunities-peoplelivingtogetherintowns,cities,villagesalongthecoast.Question:nWhat does the “face to face” suggest?nAll headings and titles are generally succinct and particular care is given to the choice of words. The aim is to present the article as vividly and as forcefully as possible to attract the attention of the readers. Here “face to face” means “confronting one another”. This phrase connotes a sense of urgency and danger.Para.2 Trying to reason out the course of action:- trying to figure out the ways to cope with the present situation. Here present participle, used as adverbial, signifying reason. Course of action: An action or a series of actions taken in order to deal with a particular situation.Eg: One possible course of action would be to increase tax on alcohol. 一个可行的举措是提高酒税。Question:nWhy does Mr. Koshak decide to stay?reasonstostay1.Heisaself-employedbusinessmanMagnaproduct-thenameofhiscompany2.Hispresenthousewasinabetterconditionthanhisformerhouse.implication:Howgreatthelossitwouldbeifthehousewasdestroyed.3.250yardsawayfromsea4.Thehousehasbeentheresince1915Blends,portmanteauword混成词compoundword合成词motel(motor+hotel)boatel(boat+hotel)水上旅馆brunch(breakfast+lunch)早午餐chunnel(channel+tunnel)水底隧道slurbs(slum+suburbs)市郊贫民区slanguage(slang+language)使用俚语德表现法Blendscafetorium (cafe+auditorium)talkthon (talk+marathon)filmusical(film+musical)comsat (communications+satellite)Blendssitcom(situatin+comedy)情景喜剧narcokleptocracy (narcotic麻醉剂的)+(kleptomania偷窃癖+cracy统治阶层)官贩毒magalog (magazine+catalog)杂志目录Blendscomint(communications+intelligence)通讯情报sportscasters (spots+broadcaster)体育节目广播员masscult(mass+culture)平民文化Para 4 Gruff: adj-unfriendly or annoyed, especially in the way you speak.(尤指说话方式)不友好的，生硬的;Eg: a gruff reply 生硬的回答Wecanbattendownandrideitout:nametaphor,comparingthehouseinthehurricanetoashipfightinginthestormatsea.Wecanmakenecessarypreparationsandsurvivethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.nbattentofastencanvas帆布overthehatches舱口ofaship,esp.inpreparingforastorm.nRideitout:tostayafloatduringthestormwithouttoomuchdamage.Para5.The men methodicallyhurricanenThe men made all necessary preparations to fight the hurricane and their work is done in a systematic and orderly manner.nMain:alargepipeorwirecarryingthepublicsupplyofwater,electricityorgas.Para.6scudv.-moveswiftly（云）飘过掠过nTheboatscuddedbeforethestrongwestwindcame.nsitoutthestorm:tostayuntiltheendofthestorm.Para.8The roar of the hurricane was overwhelming.nThe sound of the wind was so strong that people didnt know what to do.nOverwhelming: have such a great effect on you that you feel confused and do not know how to react.Eg: The sheer size of the place will seem overwhelming and confusing at first.nFrench door: two adjoining doors with glass panes from top to bottom and they open in the middle.nBlew in: burst open by the storm.nGun-like report: loud explosive noise like guns being fired.disintegratev.分解碎裂-collapse,crumble.fallapartbreakintomanysmallpiecesandisdestroyedIssocietybeginningto?SincetheSovietUnioned,thecoldwarcametoanend.Para9.blastn.v.1.(anexplosion)burst,explosion2.(aloudsound)roar,bang,noiseunexpectedquickstrongmovementofwindorrain一阵；一股ablastofwindwintryblast36peoplediedintheblast.Shovev.n.推，挤-pushwithaquick,ratherviolentmovementEg:Hedraggedherouttothedoorandshovedherintothestreet.Thecarwontstart.Canyougiveitashove?-watergotintothegeneratorandputitout.dousev.熄灭弄湿浸泡-putoutquicklybypouringwateroverit;synonyms:immerse,soak,submerge,drenchEg:Hedousedtheclothesinsoapywater.The generator was doused, and the lights went out:Para12 Scramble: n. v.nTo climb up or over something with difficulty 费劲地爬；争夺，抢夺；nWe scrambled up a rocky slope.nHe scrambled to his feet, blushing furiously.狼狈地赶快爬起来nA scramble for the best seat,n a scramble to pick up the scattered coinsnPeople were scrambling madly for shelter.nPara 13 The wind sounded like the roar of a train collapsed: n风声仿佛数码外呼啸而过的火车的轰鸣，整个房屋在不停地颤抖。水缓缓的漫上来，而此时，一楼的外墙已经坍塌了。nThe house shuddered andon its foundations- The house shook and was loosened from its foundations.Para14.onthevergeof-veryneartotheactionThecountryisonthevergeofdisaster.Thechildisonthevergeoftears.To the verge of:Theattackbroughtthecountrytothevergeofwar.Theoldmanhadbeendriventothevergeofdespair.Para15.Beboundto肯定会 to be very likely to doDontlietoher.Shesboundtofindoutaboutit.Be bound to do 理应做某事理应做某事Ifhesactingasauditor,hesboundbylawtoreport.Be bound by 负有负有义务义务Weareboundbyagreementsmadeatthetimeofthetreaty.Be bound by sth 具有同样的特点具有同样的特点Allthestoriesareboundbyacommontheme.Para 17 Why should he be guilty?nJohn watchedcrushing guilt: As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.crushinga.压倒的使人受不了的-devastating/defeating/peoplefeelupsetorshockednThefinallecturewasinterruptedbythecrushingnewsofpresidentKennedysdeath.nItwasacrushingresultfortheLaborParty.ncrutchn.拐杖-sferocityn.-thequalityofbeingviolent/strength/intensity凶猛程度uhere:thedestructiveforceandpowerofhurricanenViolencebrokeoutingreateramountandferocity.nHehadneverheardsuchferocityinamansvoice.nPara18.Swipe: n.v.猛击 重击nSynonyms: Hit /bang/bash/ blow/ punch/smash/ thump/whack/smite/ bumpnPoke/ jab 刺 戳nslap 拍击 nflip 轻击 弹nClonk 叮当声nSmack 拍击 拍打 eg To bed now, or Ill smack your bottom.Skim v.1从液体表面撇去 2 浏览 3 飞速掠过 擦过nAfter simmering the meat and vegetables, skim the fat from the surface. 撇去表面油脂。nJust skim though the second section to save time. nSeagulls skimming the waves 掠过浪尖的海鸥Maroonv.-v.(uau.p.p.)toleaveoneormorepeoplealone,withnomeansofgettingaway.Eg:Fivefishermenweremaroonedonarockinagale.Onewallbegancrumblingonthegroup-Onewallbegancollapsingonthepeoplewhowerehelplessandisolatedbythestorm.Para19.Thegreatestrecordedstorm:这是有史以来袭击西半球人口密集区域的最严重的风暴。Initsconcentratedbreadthofsome70miles：在宽度为70英里的飓风中心区域，风力时速达200英里，飓风还掀起了30英尺高的巨浪。AlongtheGulfCoastitdevastatedeverythinginitsswath.:在飓风经过的墨西哥湾沿岸的狭长地带，一切都被夷为平地。nDevastated everything in its swath: destroyed everything in its path.nSwath: a long strip of any kind.nDump: to throw down something heavy with a bump.nIt tore threeand beach them: Three large cargo ships were tore free from the cables and anchors that held them and were grounded on the beach.nSnap: v.to break with a sharp noise.nEg: The impact must have snap the cable.Snap: 1).v. to break with a sharp noise;To say sth quickly and angrilynEg: The impact must have snap the cable.nSnap sth in half 折成两半nTo snap at sb. 2)n.快照 ；打响指;nTake a snapnA snap of your fingers3)a.仓促的，急促的na snap judgment/decision 仓促的决定Para20Spectaculara.-veryimpressive,dramatic,breathtaking壮观的，引人注目的，激动人心Eg:Themangaveaspectaculardisplayofhorseriding.nvantagepoint(s)apositionthatallowedaclearandbroadview.Eg:TheTVtowerwillprovideavantagepointfromwhichwecanhaveabirdseyeviewofthecity.Demolish destroy raze annihilate damagenDestroyisageneralwordwithfewovertonesbeyonditsemphasisonforceandthoroughness.nDemolishandrazearegenerallyappliedtobigorsubstantialthings,suchasbuildingsorotheredifices.Abuildingisdemolishedifsmashedtopiecesandrazedifleveledtotheground.Demolish,unlikeraze,isoftenusedfigurativelyofthereductionofanycomplexwholetoruins,(todemolishatheorywithafewincisivecomments.)nRaze is used almost invariably of buildings and their remains.nAnnihilate is the most extreme word in this list, and literally means to reduce to nothingness. As more commonly used, however, it denotes a severe degree of damage to a thing or a person. An army may annihilate an enemy force by so damaging it so as to render it incapable of further offensive or defensive action, but without literally removing all traces of its existence. nDamage refers to physical harm caused to sth which make it less attractive, useful or valuable. It is not as strong in connotations as the other words.It is not as strong in connotation as the other words 破坏 损失 损伤Compare:n The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at 6 million.nEmotional damagenThe building was completely destroyed by fire. para1920Twoparaswereputintoprovidefurtherofficialaccounttoshowhowstrongandforcefulthehurricanewas.Theywereconvincing.Para 22 Debris n.nAll the pieces that are left after sth has been destroyed in an accident 碎片 残骸nSanctuary: a peaceful place that is safe 庇护所 避难所Para23DearLord,giveme.-Whynoquotationmarks?Thewriterwantstomakehisaccountsmooth.Hepurposelyomitsquotationmarks.Theactionisquickenedandsmooth.Para24 It toppled on him: The wall disintegrated and the bricks and plasters fell on himMake it a lean-to against the wind: put up the mattress as a protection against the wind.Lean-to：a small, roughly made building that rests against the side of a large building.靠着大屋所建的单靠着大屋所建的单坡屋顶小屋，披棚坡屋顶小屋，披棚Prop up:to support sth by leaning it against sth -He propped the bike against the tree. “把床垫斜靠着挡挡风。把孩子弄到垫子下面，我们把床垫斜靠着挡挡风。把孩子弄到垫子下面，我们可以用头和肩膀把垫子撑住！可以用头和肩膀把垫子撑住！” nPara26 nSprawl: v. to lie or sit with your arms or legs stretched out in a lazy or careless way 伸开手脚躺着（坐着） Eg:He just sprawled out in his chair and expects me to bring his dinner. Send sb.sprawling: hit sb. with force that he fall over 把某人打趴在地上nWith the small ones in a layer on top of them: with the small ones lie on top of themnLitter: n 1) trash,rubbish 2) a group of baby animalsnSpooky flew offbookcase: The cat on the top of the bookcase was also carried away by the wind. sliding bookcase: a bookcase with sliding panels 嵌板书柜 Hinge: n. a metal part used to fasten a door to its frame; v. 有赖于 取决于 eg: Everything hinges on the outcome of these talks.约翰抓住一扇仍连在壁柜墙上的门。Para27ThemainthrustofCamillehaspassed:-Thedirectandforcefulattackofthehurricanehaspassedthrust:刺戳猛推onslaught,attack,push,drivePara28strewv.撒满-spread,cover,scatterEg:Hisclotheswerestrewnallovertheroom.Thefloorisstrewnwithbrokenglass.Aftertheriot,thestreetwasstrewnwithbrokenbottlesandstones.festoon结彩于-decorateThegardenwasfestoonedwithcoloredlights.Stripofclothing.thestandingtree:metaphor;Bitsofclothingwerehangingonthetreesasifdecoratingthemwithfestoons.Blowndownpowerlinesovertheroad:simile,blowndownpowerlineswerelikespaghettiwoundonthetree.Coil:v.towindortwistintoaseriesofringseg:Pleasecoilthecords细绳neatlybeforeyouputthemaway.Para29 nTrying to absorbtheir eyes: trying to fully understand the extensive damage and destruction which they saw all around them.Para30NationalGuardEachstatehasitsownorganizationoftheNationalGuard.Itiscomposedofordinarycitizenswhomaybecalledtodutyatanytime.国民警卫队CivilDefenseUnit-民防队playmuchthesamerole,butarenotmilitaryinnatureTheSalvationArmy救世军Aworld-wideChristianorganizationfoundedbyWilliamBoothinWhiteChapel,Londonin1865.TheSalvationArmyisconcernedwithspreadingtheChristianmessageandwithsocialreform.Itsofficershavemilitarytitlesandmemberswearuniforms.RedCrossAninternationalorganizationconcernedwiththealleviationofhumansufferingandthepromotionofpublichealth.Aredcrossonawhitebackgroundisthesymbol.Para32rakeitsway耙子-metaphor.toattackanddevastateasitsweptalongnrampaging:Ifpeopleoranimalrampage,theyrushaboutinawildorviolentway,oftencausingdamagesordestruction.导致洪水肆虐，山体滑坡，又有110人死亡。Eg:Theelephantsarerampagingthroughthebush.(hardtocontrol/mad/violent/raging)nbreaking up over the Atlantic Ocean:thestormcloudsfinallydispersingasthehurricanereachedtheAtlanticOcean.Para33HepitchedinwiththeSeabees-hesettoworkenergeticallywiththeSeabees-C.B.membersoftheconstructionBattalionsoftheCivilEngineercorpsoftheUSnavy,thatbuildharborfacilities,airfieldsetc海军工程队nPara34 The children appearedpower of the hurricane: Although the children were still frightened by the force and power of the hurricane which they could not understand, it seems their minds had not suffered in any way from their experience.nBut the bluesthe adults: but sometimes the grown-up people felt a bit unhappy and depressed.nAfflict: v. (oft.passive voice)to make sb,suffer eg: The country is afflicted by famine. She is afflicted with a serious disease.Synonyms:assume/presumeThemeaningofthesewordsarequitecloseassume -tocometoaconclusiononthebasisofwhatisknownorfelttobetruepresume -tocometoaconclusionbysupposing/connotesanarrogation(claim)ofboldnessandofunwarrantedinference(whichmightwellbeunjustified)assume/presume1.Aftertalkingwithyouyesterday,Iassumedyouweregoingtotheparty.2.Isawthemtogetherandpresumedtheyhadreconciledtheirdifferences,butfromwhatyoutellme,IknowIwaswrong.assumption/presumptionrot,decay,moulder腐朽，崩溃,decompose分解使腐烂,putrefy使化脓，腐烂,堕落rot-theleastformal,themosteffective,forcefulofthesewords,suggestinganadvancedpointinthisprocessofbreakdown损坏过程中最深的一种状态.Thetissuesatthispointmightormightnotbefoul-smellingbuttheywouldinanycasebealmostunrecognizable.Thesnailhascompletelyrottedawayinsideitsshell.decay-amorematter-of-factwordthanrot更为实用appliedgenerallytothewholeprocessofbreakdown,butparticularlytotheendpointoftotaldestructioneg:Thecorpsehadalreadydecayed,leavingonlytheskeletonintact.molder-decaygraduallyandturnintodusteg:hisremainsmolderinginthetombdecompose-moreformalsubstitutefordecayclinicalword临床学词汇changechemicallyandbegintorot分解，腐败putrefy-stressingparticularlythepresenceoffoulorpoisonousgasesandnoxious有害的odourseg:Salmon鲑鱼thathadspawned产卵anddiedandnowlayputrefyingintheshallowsofthestream.spoil-food(informal)disintegrate-breakintosmallpiecesOrganizationalpatternSectI.para1-6introductionthesettingofthestorybackgroundinformationtime place characters reasons actionsOrganizationalpatternSectIIpara7-27-Howthefamilywasbroughtfacetofacewiththehurricane.-Howthefamilywasfightingagainstitandsurvived.-HowmanyonslaughtsdidthehurricanemakeontheKoshaks?OrganizationalpatternSect.IIIpara2739conclusion(abittoolong)thesceneafterthestormthereliefworkdonebythestatethereliefworkdonebytheKoshaksOrganizationalpatternThemostimportantpartisthelastpara.Irealizewelostnothingimportant.Questions:1.Inthisnarration,thewritermakeseffectiveuseofverbs.List4-5youconsiderusedmosteffectivelyandgiveyourreasons.2.Whatdidpeopledoafterthehurricane?Diditcausemuchpsychologicaldamagetothefamily?3.Whatorganizationshavecometherescue?Whatdoyouassumeyoucoulddotohelppeopleafteradisaster?SayMay12earthquake?4.Whatsthepurposebehindthestorybygivingusareflectionfromgrandmother?Languagefeatures1.theeffectiveuseofverbsTheeffectiveuseofverbsistheonlywaytofocusonaction,esp.onesyllableverbs,becauseonesyllableverbssavetime.lash, lap, skim, scud, yell, dump, shot, snap, hit, whipLanguagefeatures2.shortellipticalsentencesa)increasethetempoofactionb)createtheatmosphereoftension,dangerandurgencyLanguagefeatures3.successfulachievementofchronologicaldevelopmentChronologicaldevelopmentisachievedby:connectors-so,then,but.transitionalphrases-secondslater,afterthat,foraninstant,bythistime,etcLanguagefeatures4.thewordswithwhichvividlydescribetheviolenceofthehurricane.-quick,unpleasanteffectlash,crack,snap,slashing,smash,shatter,rampage,collapse,lapSome mistakes to be avoided in writing:nThe sentence fragment: A grammatically complete sentence has a verb with its subject. Structurally it must be an independent unit, capable of standing alone. So dependent units such as phrases, clauses, appositives are not sentences. When any of these dependent units is written and punctuated as a sentence it is called a sentence fragment. nThe dangling modifier: A careless use of verbal phrases (participle, gerund, infinitive, etc.) results in a construction usually known as the dangling modifier. A phrase is said to dangle if it is not tied to something it modifies. It is a stylistic fault, not a grammatical one. Most objectionable are the ones that suggest a ludicrous meaning never intended by the writer.nThe illogical or faulty parallelism: The false parallel, that is, using parallel structures for ideas that are not parallel, should be avoided. A subordinate which or who clause should not be carelessly joined to a main clause by and. Correlatives (both, and ,eitheror) should be used only before sentence elements that are parallel in form.nThe shift in point of view: Any unnecessary and illogical shift in point of view should be avoided. Unnecessary shift from active to passive voice are undesirable. A needless shift in number and person should be avoided. Shift in subject or perspectives, in tenses, etc., should be avoided.