Pneumonia 肺炎肺炎Anatomy and Physiology of the Childhood Respiratory System儿童呼吸系统的解剖学和生理学儿童呼吸系统的解剖学和生理学Upper respiratory tract 上呼吸道上呼吸道Nose鼻子鼻子Pharynx 咽咽Larynx 喉喉Epiglottis会厌会厌Lower respiratory tract下呼下呼吸道感染吸道感染Trachea气管气管Bronchi支气管支气管 Bronchioles and alveoli 细支气管细支气管及肺泡及肺泡 The Upper Airway differences: shorter and narrow nose breather airway resistance loosely mucous membranes and soft tissue The Lower Airway differences: right bronchus is more wider, shorter, vertical less alveolar surface areaAnatomy and Physiology of the Childhood Respiratory SystemDefinition An inflammation or infection of the bronchioles and alveolar spaces of the lungsPneumonia Introduction occur: in infants and young children recovery: children sooner than adults season: late winter and early spring Pneumonia Lobar pneumonia Bronchopneumonia (lobular pneumonia) Interstitial pneumoniaPneumonia classificationMorphological classificationCourse Agent Acute 3 months Pneumonia classificationthe clinical manifestations of bronchopneumoniauMild bronchopneumonia fever: irregular fever cough:dry,hacking,non-productive to productive cough tachypnea:RR4080ts/m nasal flaring, sighing respiration, three depression signs and cyanosis fixed fine moist ralesPneumonia the clinical manifestations of bronchopneumoniauSevere bronchopneumonialcirculatory systemlnervous systemldigestive systemPneumonia Severe bronchopneumoniaSigns of heart failure Restless obvious cyanosis grey facesTachypnea:RR 60ts/mTachycardia:HR 160bpm dyspnea oliguria or anuria face/lower limbs edemaHepatomegaly progressively Pneumonia manifestationSevere bronchopneumonia Nervous system: dysphoria(烦躁烦躁) irritable stuporous convulsion somnolence(嗜睡嗜睡) intracranial hypertension Pneumonia manifestationSevere bronchopneumonial digestive system anorexia vomiting abdominal distention toxic enteritis Pneumonia manifestationSevere bronchopneumonia Chest:X-ray film diffuse or patchy infiltration Pneumonia manifestation Principle of the Therapeutic 1.control infection 2.promote oxygenation 3.prevent complication 4.fever management 5.supportive measures Pneumonia therapyBefore treatmentAfter treatmentThank YouThank You