移动通信与仿真TDSCDMAStillwatersrundeep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望TD-SCDMAEvolution PathTD-SCDMA: Frequency BandTD-SCDMA Vs W-CDMASystem ParamtersFrame StructurePhysical ChannelsSynchronization ChannelsDownlink SynchronizationUplink SynchronizationMultiplexing ChannelsJoint DetectionBaton HandoverN-Frequency CellTD-SCDMA Evolution Path3GPPLCR TDD（R4）LCR TDD（R5）LCR TDD(R6)LCR TDD(R7)LTE TDDCCSAChinaCommunicationsStandardsTD-SCDMAStage III（R7）OFDM/SC-FDMAAssociationTD-SCDMAStage I（R4 2003/03）N FrequencyCellTD-SCDMAStage II（R5）Multi-carrierStandardization2006Short Term Evolution2008Long Term EvolutionTD-SCDMA: Frequency Band1755 17851850 188019201980 2010 202521102170 23002400SatelliteSatellite30MHz60 MHz40MHz15MHz100 MHzFDDTDDTD-SCDMA Vs W-CDMACodeC3C2FrequencyUser 3User 2User 1C1CDMATime1 userW-CDMA1 CodeSpreading Factor Max512 CodesTD-SCDMASpreading Factor Max16 CodesTD SCDMA Vs W-CDMAcodetimeUser 1User 2W-CDMAULDLfrequency5 MHz190 MHzcodetime16codeTD-SCDMAfrequencycan beusedTD SCDMA Vs W-CDMA3 simultaneous technologiesTD SCDMA Vs W-CDMAAvantages of TD-SCDMA: Efficient spectrum allocation Support for asymmetric traffic and services Equivalent Channel in the Uplink and Downlink (Fading and multi-path ) Elimination of intra-cell and inter-cell interference. Low power consumption Baton handover Low cost for the RF front endDisdavantages of TD-SCDMA: Requires accurate synchronizationLimited support for high speed/mobility users Complex and expensive technologies7TD SCDMA System ParametersParameterCarrier bandwidthCarrier spacingChip rateDuplex typeMultiple access schemeFrame lengthNumber of slots/sub-framesRadio frame lengthRadio-subframe lengthData modulationVoice data rateReceiverSpreading factorsMax data rate per user (theoretical)SynchronizationAntenna processingValue1.6 MHz1.6 MHz1.28 McpsTDDTDMA, CDMA, FDMA10 ms10 ms5 msQPSK or 8-PSK8 Kbit/sJoint detector (rake in UE)1, 2, 4, 8 and 162 MbpsDownlink and uplinkSmart antenna with beam formingTD SCDMA: Frame StructureChip rate: 1.28 Mcps10msRadio frame #i5msRadio frame #i+15msBandwidth: 1.6 MHzModulation: QPSK/8PSK/16QAMDuplex: TDDDwPTS : Downlink Pilot TimeSlot (96 chips)Sub-frame #1 Sub-frame #2UpPTS : Uplink Pilot TimeSlot (160 chips)DwPTS GP1UpPTSTS0TS1TS2TS3TS4TS5TS6352 chipsData 1144 chipsMidamble352 chipsData 2GP316 chipsFirst Switch Point: GP1 (96 chips), Second Switch Point: after TS1DLULUL/DLGPGP16CP-TD SCDMA: Physical ChannelDPCH: Dedicated Physical Channel, Rec 25.221 5A.2Burst structure of the traffic burst formatData symbols352 chipsMidamble144 chipsData symbols352 chips864*Tc16 SF= 16 code channel per timeslot per CarrierSpreading factor (Q)124816Number of symbols (N) per data field in Burst352176884422The contents of the traffic burst format fieldsChip number(CN)0-351352-495496-847848-863Length of field inchips35214435216Length of field insymbolscf table 8Acf table 8AContents offieldData symbolsMidambleData symbolsGuard period1st23PP31strdPPTD SCDMA: Physical ChannelDPCH: Transmission of TFCI, Rec 25.221 5A.2.2.1Position of the TFCI code word in the traffic burst in case of no TPC and SSpart ofTFCI code wordndpart ofTFCI code wordrdpart ofTFCI code word4 th part ofTFCI code wordGGData symbolsMidambleData symbolsData symbolsMidambleData symbolsTime slot x (864 Chips)Sub-frame 5msTime slot x (864 Chips)Sub-frame 5msRadio Frame 10msPosition of the TFCI code word in the traffic burst in case of TPC and SSpart of TFCI code wordSSTPCsymbolssymbols2 nd part of TFCI code wordpart of TFCI code wordSS symbolsTPCsymbols4 th part of TFCI code wordGGData symbolsMidambleData symbolsData symbolsMidambleData symbolsTime slot x (864 Chips)Time slot x(864 Chips)Sub-frame 5msRadio Frame 10msSub-frame 5msGP01TD SCDMA: Physical ChannelDPCH: Transmission of TPC / SS, Rec 25.221 5A.2.2.2Position of TPC information in the traffic burst in downlink and uplinkSS symbol(s)TPC symbol(s)Data symbolsMidambleData symbols144 chips864 ChipsCoding of the SS for QPSKTPC Bit Pattern for BPSKSS BitsSS commandMeaningbTPCTPCMeaning00DownDecrease synchronisation shift by k/8commandTcDownUpDecrease Tx PowerIncrease Tx Power1101UpDo nothingIncrease synchronisation shift by k/8 TcNo changeTPC Bit Pattern for 8PSKCoding of the SS for 8PSKTPC Bits000110TPC commandDownUpMeaningDecrease Tx PowerIncrease Tx PowerSS Bits000SS commandDownMeaningDecrease synchronisation shift by k/8Tc110011UpDo nothingIncrease synchronisation shift by k/8 TcNo changeThe SS is utilised to command a timing adjustment by (k/8) Tc each M sub-frames, where Tc is the chip period.The k and M values are signalled by the network.field(1)TD SCDMA: Physical ChannelDPCH: Timeslot FormatsRec 25.221 5A.2.4.1Time slot formats for the DownlinkQPSKTime slot formats for the UplinkSlotFormat#012222324SlotFormat#01210254069SpreadingFactor161616111SpreadingFactor1616168421Midamblelength(chips)144144144144144144Midamblelength(chips)144144144144144144144NTFCIcode word(bits)04881632NTFCIcode word(bits)04800032NSS & NTPC(bits)0&00&00&032 & 3232 & 3232 & 32NSS &NTPC(bits)0&00&00&00&00&00&032 &Bits/slot888888140814081408Bits/slot8888881763527041408NData/Slot(bits)888684134013361328NData/Slot(bits)8886841763527041328Ndata/data(bits)444242702700696Ndata/data(bits)field(1)44424288176352696Ndata/datafield(2)(bits)444442638636632Ndata/datafield(2)(bits)4444428817635263232tTD SCDMA: Physical ChannelDPCH: Timeslot FormatsRec 25.221 5A.2.4.2SlotSpreadingMidambleNTFCINSS &Bits/sloNData/SlotNdata/dataNdata/data8PSKFormat#Factorlength(chips)code word(bits)NTPC(bits)(bits)field(1)(bits)field(2)(bits)01211114414414406120&00&00&0211221122112211221092106105610531053105610561053Time slot formats for theDownlink & Uplink20212223241616161616144144144144144061224483&33&33&33&33&3132132132132132126123120114102666363605460605754481 2TD SCDMA: Physical ChannelP-CCPCH: Primary common control physical channel, Rec 25.221 5A.3.1Common Transport Channels is mapped onto thePrimary Common Control Physical Channels (P-CCPCH1 and P-CCPCH2)The P-CCPCHs are mapped onto the first two code channels of timeslot#0 with spreading factor of 16cQk=16cQk=16BCHData symbols352 chipsMidamble144 chipsData symbols352 chipsGP16CP864*TcNo TFCI is applied for the P-CCPCH1st2P-GP16CPTD SCDMA: Physical ChannelS-CCPCH: Secondary Common Control Physical channel, Rec 25.221 5A.3.1The time slot and codes used for the S-CCPCH are broadcast on the BCHIn a multi-frequency cell S-CCPCH shall be transmitted only on the primaryfrequencypart of TFCI code wordndpart of TFCI code wordGData symbolsMidambleTime slot x (864 Chips)Data symbolsTFCI is applied for the S-CCPCHFixedSF = 16Data symbols352 chipsMidamble144 chipsData symbols352 chips864*TcNo TFCI is applied for the S-CCPCHTD SCDMA: Physical ChannelPRACH: Physical Random Access CHannel, Rec 25.221 5A.3.4The RACH is mapped onto one or more uplink physical random access channels (PRACH).In such a way the capacity of RACH can be flexibly scaled depending on the operators need.Data symbols352 chipsMidamble144 chipsData symbols352 chipsGP16CP864*TcPRACH timeslot formatsSpreadingFactor1684Slot Format#01025In a multi-frequency cell the PRACH shall be transmitted only on the primary frequency.1129 (LSB)7GP16CPTD SCDMA: Physical ChannelFPACH: Fast Physical Access Channel, Rec 25.221 5A.3.3The FPACH is used for the acknowledgement of a detected signature with timing and power leveladjustment indication to an user equipment.FPACH makes use of one code with spreading factor 16, so that its burst is composed by 44 symbols. Thespreading code, training sequence and time slot position are configured by the network and signalled on theBCH.In a multi-frequency cell the FPACH is transmitted on the primary frequency. The FPACH may alsobe also transmitted on the secondary frequency in case of handover.FPACH information 32 bits descriptionInformation field Length (in bits)Signature Reference Number 3 (MSB)Relative Sub-Frame NumberReceived starting position of the UpPCH(UpPCHPOS)Transmit Power Level Command for RACHmessageReserved bits(default value: 0)Signature Reference Number :bit sequence(0 0 0) corresponds to the first signature of the cell; bit sequence (1 1 1) corresponds to the 8th signature of thecell.Relative Sub-Frame :bit sequence (0 0) indicates one sub-frame difference; ; bitsequence (1 1) indicates 4 sub-frame differenceReceived starting position of the UpPCH: range 0 8191Transmit power level command is transmitted in 7 bitsData symbols352 chipsMidamble144 chips864*TcData symbols352 chipsThe FPACH uses slot format #0, SF=16TD SCDMA: Physical ChannelsSynchronisation Channels, Rec 25.221 5A.3.5DwPTS(75us)GP1(75us)UpPTS (125us)GP2SYN C_DLSYNC_ULGP2TS0(32chips)(64chips)(128chips)(32chips)TS1DwPCH:Downlink Pilot Channel32 SYNC_DL avalaible codes1 cell SYNC_DL codeUpPCH:Uplink Pilot Channel256 SYNC_UL codes32 Groups, 8 codes per groupIn a multi-frequency cell the DwPCH shall be transmitted only on the primaryfrequency.The UpPCH is transmitted on the primary frequency.The UpPCH may also be transmitted on the secondary frequencies in case of handover.( )codesS1S20123TD SCDMA: Synchronization ChannelsDownlink Pilot CHannel, Rec 25.223 8.1For the generation of the complex valued SYNC-DL codes of length 64, the basic binary SYNC-DLs = S 1, s 2 ,. , s 64SYNC-DL is QPSK modulated and the phase of the SYNC-DL is used to signal the presence ofthe P-CCPCH .The SYNC-DL code is not scrambled.Four consecutive phases (phase quadruple) of the SYNC-DL are used to indicate thepresence of the P-CCPCH in the following 4 sub-framesSequences for the phase modulation for the SYNC-DLNamePhase quadruple135, 45, 225, 135MeaningThere is a P-CCPCH in the next 4 sub-framesTable AA.1: 32 Basic SYNC-DL Codes315, 225, 315, 45There is no P-CCPCH in the next 4 sub-framesCode IDSYNC-DL Codes oflength 64B3A7CC05A98688E49D559BD2906067912CE7BA12A017C3A234511D20672F4712.28293031.D4354B2FE02361CC5383AB6C8A10CE84D417A730F2F12244ABF0A0D905A939C4s0123456251252253254255TD SCDMA: Synchronization ChannelsUplink Pilot CHannel, Rec 25.223 8.2UpPCH : generation of the complex valued SYNC-UL codes of length 128s = ( 1, s 2 ,. , s128)Table AA.2: 256 Basic SYNC-UL CodesCode IDSYNC-UL Codes of length 128C11C20F0D1807DB8859175B798EC094A91278068081EC8E74543DBC1C9AD423538F5AEE2E513DB12A663BA04160103E57AA8A0A210F12A1E4332F2EDD33011FCC180EA3B9BA1774EB9611BD249C4A508B072A2C839489D496B98CE9D0132FBC9B2723EAC6EB01667F2B33961C8074234.68FC090C2221AA98BF0D24E85066EFC29E26CEC67832FC42A87E92FA1015212EACD889634F79506F2582EA03240F2A07AA65407E1F4A33BF9A62860A3D6A4CC0B1B950AC76A608AA32D04B03C7FF24D3TD SCDMA: Synchronization ChannelsCode Allocation, Rec 25.223 8.3CodeGroupAssociated CodesSYNC-DLIDSYNC-ULIDScrambling CodeIDBasic Midamble CodeIDGroup 100.700123123Group 218.1544.567567Group 3231248.255124124125126127125126127In a multi-frequency cell, primary frequency and secondary frequency use thesame scrambling code and basic midamble code.1234TD SCDMA: Downlink SynchronizationCell SearchSearch for DwPTSScrambling and MidambleCode IdentificationControl Multi-frame SyncRead the BCH 32 SYNC_DL codes SYNC_DL code - 4 Basic Midamble Code Scrambling code Basic Midamble Code Phase Sequences of DwPTSsTD SCDMA: Uplink SynchronizationBased on DL synchronizationEstablish UL synchronizationRandom AccessTwo-step approachUpPTSUL Traffic SlotsSYNC_ULFPACHPRACHMaintain UL synchronizationMidambleSSSSMidambleSYNC-ULssUL burst of UETD SCDMA: Multiplexing ChannelsControl PlaneUser PlaneBCCHPCCHDCCHCCCHCTCHDTCHLogicalChannelsMAC layerBCHPCHRACHFACHDCHTransportChannelsPHY layerP-CCPCHS-CCPCHPRACHDPCHPhysicalChannelsTD SCDMA: Multiplexing ChannelsTFCI1 + TFCI2 + TFCI3 + TFCI41CCTrCH1 full frame (2 sub-frames)Transport Channel 1Physical Channel 1Transport Channel 2CCTrCHPhysical Channel 2TD-SCMDA1 UE may have up to4 CCTrCHsTransport Channel 3EnergyTD SCDMA: Joint DetectionMobile radio propagation is affected:multiple reflectionsdiffractionsattenuationsEach CDMA signal is overlaid with all others in the same radio carrier and thereceived (wide-band) signal can be below the thermal noise.Spread SignalsReceived Signal =-Energy ofSpread SignalsFrequencyA correlation receiver (Matched Filter Correlator) is used in order todespread and recover the original user signalEnergyTD SCDMA: Joint DetectionCDMA systems the received spreading codes are not completely orthogonalMultiple Access Interference (MAI):generated in the receiver: the desired signal does not significantly distinguishitself from interfering users whose effect can be modeled as increasedbackground noiseSpread SignalsDetected SignalS = correlation gainMAIFrequencyEnergyTD SCDMA: Joint DetectionJoint Detection:Extracts all CDMA channels in parallel and removes the interference causedby the undesired CDMA channels (MAI). The result is a clear signal(high signal to noise ratio) for each CDMA code:Detected SignalMAI-eliminatedAdmissibleSignalS Eb/N0FluctuationFrequencyTD-SCDMA technology allows an efficient implementation of Joint Detectionreceivers in the basestation as well as in the terminalTD SCDMA: Baton HandoverUtilize TDD features and uplink synchronizationUE hand over with pre UL sync and stepped switch for UL/DLSupport both intra- and inter frequency handoversNo data loss both uplink and downlinkShorter switch gap and higher reliability compared with hard handoverLower cost compared with soft handoverCELL1RNCCELL0TD SCDMA: N-Frequency CellCCSA and 3GPP R7Multi-frequency cellNeighbor List of Cells become complexMeasurements need more carefully considerationDwPTSGPUpPTSMaster carrierAuxiliary carrierAuxiliary carrierTS0TS1TS1TS1TS2TS2TS2TS3TS3TS3TS4TS4TS4TS5TS5TS5TS6TS6TS6