Unit4SharingGrammarUnit4SharingGrammar定定语从句复习公开课教学课语从句复习公开课教学课件共件共5454张张( (新人教版选修新人教版选修7)(7)(共共5454张张) )What is attribute 定语？定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示a clever boy the boiling water Fallen leaves The man who you are looking for定语从句（定语从句（AttributiveClauses）1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个_词或_词的句子叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词_，2.先行词：被_的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3.关系词：用来_定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词：_ _ _ _ _关系副词：_ _ _ 名代后面修饰引导thatwhich whowhomwhosewhenwherewhyThe man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词定语从句所修饰的定语从句所修饰的名词或代词名词或代词关系词关系词1.引导定语从句引导定语从句2.代替先行词代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分在定语从句中担当一个成分定语从句定语从句1.修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词2.紧跟在先行词后紧跟在先行词后学会找出先行词学会找出先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Have a try1. The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2. I like the book which you bought yesterday. 3. The house where he lives needs repairing.4. I still remember the day which we spent together. 结构：先行词关系词从句结构：先行词关系词从句先行词是先行词是物物先行词先行词是人是人定定语语地点地点状语状语时间时间状语状语主主宾宾主主宾宾关系关系代词代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系关系副词副词wherewhen注：注：1.介词提前时一般只用介词提前时一般只用which和和whom。2.whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+ofwhich/ofwhomThis is the detective who came from London.The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.(1)如果先行词是如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系等不定代词，关系代词一般只用代词一般只用that，不用，不用which。例如：。例如：Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool.关系代词关系代词that 和和which的区别的区别 1.1.宜用宜用thatthat引导的定语从句引导的定语从句(3)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代等词修饰，关系代词常用词常用that,不用不用which,who，或，或whom。例如：。例如：ThisisthemostimpressiveTVtheaterthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。那是通向你成功的唯一之路。Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork.我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。 2. 2. 宜用宜用whichwhich引导的定语从句引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时，要用当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot.as,which非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句由由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，引导的非限定性定语从句，as和和which可可代整个主句，相当于代整个主句，相当于andthis或或andthat。As一般放在一般放在句首，句首，which在句中。在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.heItrainedhardyesterday,_preventedmefromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.itas和和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有有“正如正如，正像，正像”的意思的意思(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用关系代词只能用which。(3)当先行词受当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：注意：当先行词由当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语引导定语从句，但是和由从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。所引导的定语从句意思不同。SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.她穿着她在她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。判断关系代词与关系副词判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判断改错判断改错1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.3.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.4.Illneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.FFTT方法二：方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、主、谓、宾、定、状状)，也能正确选择出关系代词，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系副词。1.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例例1变为肯定句：变为肯定句：Thismuseumis_youvisitedafewdaysago.例例2变为肯定句：变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.在句在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句而句2中中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词点，既可用副词where，又因，又因inthemuseum词组，可词组，可用介词用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用用的不对，所以选的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，地点状语，when时间状语，时间状语，why原原因状语因状语)。区分定语从句和同位语从句区分定语从句和同位语从句1定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句定语从句(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句同位语从句2定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分等词引导，充当成分(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语定语(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.Exercises1.Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,_mademeveryhappy.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which2.Lookatthewatch.Dontyouseeitis_watch_Helenlosttheotherday?A.asthesame;asB.thesame;asC.thesame;whichD.asthesame;that3._isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown,_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis7.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_didnthelp.A.whichB.itC.sheD.he8._isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What9.Isthistheonlyreason_atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatheexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.whyheexplainedD.whichheexplainedGrammar1.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_Iknow.A.ItB.whereC.thatD.Which2.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady_comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose3.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what4.Whatsthenameoftheman_?A.youborrowedhiscarB.whichcaryouborrowedC.whosecaryouborrowedD.hiscaryouborrowed修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句，作用相当于一个形容词。定语从句，作用相当于一个形容词。引导定语从句的关联词有：引导定语从句的关联词有：定语从句定语从句关系代词：关系代词：that，who,whomwhose,which关系副词：关系副词：when,where，why定语从句的位置定语从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。e.g.Thisisthecarthat he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句Doyouknowtheman?Hespokejustnow. Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?关系代词关系代词主语主语宾语宾语定语定语 指人指人指物指物ThatWhoWhomWhichwhose关关系系代代词词注：注：1.介词提前时一般只用介词提前时一般只用which和和whom。2.whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+ofwhich/ofwhom that指人或物，指人或物，在定语从句中做主语在定语从句中做主语或宾语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。作宾语时可以省略。Thehousethat Im going to buyfacessouth.Theyretalkingaboutthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm. Theyretalkingaboutthefilm(that) Ive seen. Who指人，在从句中可做主语和宾指人，在从句中可做主语和宾语。作宾语时可省略。语。作宾语时可省略。Thepeoplewho called yesterdaywantedtobuythehouse.Thecouplesentusacard.Wemeetthecoupleonholiday.Thecouple(who) we met on holidaysentusacard.whom指人指人,在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语,可省略。可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow. Thegirl(whom)I called just nowisfromAmerica. which指物指物,在句中作主语或宾语在句中作主语或宾语,作作宾语时可以省略。宾语时可以省略。 e.g.Imnotinterestedinthebookwhich has just been published.Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews. Ihavereadthenewspaperwhich carries the important news. * whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。指人或物，在从句中作定语。Thegirlgotfirst.Herfatherhadgivenusareport. Thegirlwhose father had given us a reportgotfirst.eg.Thatsthemanwhose house was burned down.1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_Iworkedtenyearsago.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhich几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave. whichwhy/forwhichthat/which及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词填空：填空：1.Lookatthatlady_nameisPochi.2.Sheisateacher_Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney_Ihad.whosewhom/thatwhich/thatwhothat6.Tomisthefirstboy_lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear_IwenttoAmerica.10.Wecametothetown,_westayedfor2hours.thatthatthatwhenwhere围绕高考来释难围绕高考来释难一、一、1、Doyouhaveanything_youwanttosayforyourself?2、Thisistheverybook_Imlookingfor.3、Thisisthebest_hasbeenusedagainstpollution.4、WhatisthefirstAmericanfilm_youhaveseen?5、Iknowthethingsandpersons_hereferredto.6、Whichisthebike_youlost?7、Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthings_couldcausepollution只用只用that的情况的情况练！练！1.当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词allmuch.little.something.everything.anything.nothing.none.theone时时2.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有only.any.few.little.no.all.very等词修饰时等词修饰时3.当先行词是当先行词是形容词最高级形容词最高级或它的或它的前面有形前面有形容词最高级修饰容词最高级修饰时时4.当先行词是当先行词是序数词序数词或它或它前面有序数词修饰前面有序数词修饰时时5.当先行词当先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时时6.当主句的主语是疑问词当主句的主语是疑问词who或或which时时7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用，另外一个宜用thatWhen:指时间指时间Where:指地点指地点Why:指原因指原因IwillneverforgetthatdaywhenIjoinedtheparty.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.Tellmethereasonwhyyouwerelatethismorning.Puttheumbrellawhereitwas.Putthebookswhereyoutookthem.定语从句？还是定语从句？还是?比较：比较：地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句Putthebook_itiswhenyouhavefinishedreading.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.attheplace地点状语从句地点状语从句Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplacewhereD.where定语从句定语从句定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoosethebestanswers:4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that5.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that7.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_intheforest.A.oncethegrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew.8.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich9.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_ wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows;mostof_hadntbeencleanedfortenyears.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which1.Theman_Isawtoldmetowait.2.Themanto_Ispokewasaforeigner.3.Iknowaboy_fatherisanacrobat.(杂技演员杂技演员)4.Hesawahouse_windowswereallbroken.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.who/whomwhomwhosewhose5.Alltheapples_fallareeatenbywildboars.(野猪）野猪）6.Canyouthinkofanyone_couldlookafterhim?7.Thisisthebesthotel_Iknow.8.Heshowedamachine_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.thatthatthatwhose翻译翻译1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。Heshowedmetheplacewherehelosthiswallet.2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。Idontknowthegirlwhom/thatyouspeakto.3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。SheisagirlwhoiscalledMary.4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Thoseboyswhoareplayingtennisaremyfriends.5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?Homework Summarizetherulesofattributiveclause.结束结束