Language Study Lets Think: Whats the function（作用）（作用）of the part in blue in the story?Tom overslept and was late for class this morning. His teacher, Mr. Green ,asked him why. Tom was nervous and answered, “II have no idea when the class starts.” “My boy, you know, the fact that you are late is not a problem. The problem is you are not being honest!” said Mr. Green .Tom blushed（脸红） and hang his head. Then Mr. Green made him a suggestion, that is , to use two or three alarm clocks to wake himself up.同位语同位语(Appositive)定义定义：一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他形式），进一步说明它指的是谁，是什么等，那么这个部分就叫做同位语。一、一、单词单词作同位语作同位语WeChinesearebraveandhardworking.Youthreetaketheseseats.WebothcomefromHunan.HehimselftoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.二、二、短语短语作同位语作同位语1.名词短语作同位语Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.2.不定式作同位语Itwasformedforthisreason,tomakepeoplemoreliterate.3.分词短语作同位语Hisgreatestinterestinlife,playingfootball,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.4.形容词短语作同位语People,oldandyoung,rantothestreetstowatchtheparade.三、三、 句子句子作同位语作同位语某些名词后面，可以跟用来对它作进一步解释的主谓结构，这个部分就称为同位语从句。引导从句的连接词通常有that,when,where,why,whether,how等.例如：Hisfailurewasduetothefactthathehadnotpracticedforalongtime.ThisisthereasonwhyshewillnotattendthemeetingIhavenoimpressionhowhewenthome.四、区别四、区别同位语从句同位语从句和和定语从句定语从句1从句意义从句意义试比较：Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon我听到我们球队获胜的消息。Thenewsthathetoldmeisnottrue.他告诉我的那个消息不是真的。同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,作用相当于名词,用来进一步解释或补充说明前面的名词,表示其实际内容;而定语从句相当于形容词,用来说明该名词的性质或特征,对其起修饰或限定的作用。2.引导词引导词同位语从句和定语从句共同的引导词主要有that，when，where，why。试比较：Hemadeapromisethathewouldnevercomelate.Theskirt（that）Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.that引导同位语从句连接词本身无意义，在从句中不充当成分不可省略that引导定语从句关系代词在从句中充当成分，在意义上代表先行词作宾语时可省略when,where,why引导同位语从句时，与先行词无逻辑关系，叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语；而引导定语从句时，具有指代先行词的作用，叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成“介词+关系代词”的形式。例如：WehavenoideawhenshewasbornIwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedthearmyHeputforwardtothequestionwherethemeetingwouldbeheldThisisthehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtwoyearsagoTheteacherhadnoideawhyJackwasabsentThisisthereasonwhy/forwhichshewillnotattendthemeetingonthedayInthehouseforthereason3先行词先行词同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，hope， promise，news，doubt，truth，suggestion， belief 等少数抽象名词。等少数抽象名词。例如：ThefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybodyShetoldusherhopethatshewouldbecomeapianist.而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,还可以是代词。例如：Theplanthatheraisedwasreasonable.Thosewhoworkhardwillsucceed*同位语从句不一定紧跟在它说明的名词之后。例如：Theordersooncamethatallthesoldiersshouldgotothefront.*同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。例如：Heisinterestedinsports,especiallyballgames.*有时，在同位语前会出现引出同位关系的标识语，通常有namely、orrather、thatis(tosay)、inotherwords、forexample等。例如：Theyvisitedmanycities,forexample,ParisandWashington.Thereisonlyonewayofsettlingtheproblem,thatis,totellthemthetruth.注注 意：意： Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studies!