By Manuel A. Silva Prezsilvaesi.us.esMarch 3, 2010Concentrated Solar Thermal PowerTechnnology TrainingSession 1http:/www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons Session 1Introduction to Leonardo ENERGYFundamentals of Thermal Concentrating SystemsSolar Thermal Power Plantshttp:/www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons Leonardo ENERGY:Education, Training and Advocacy on Sustainable Energy170 partners from industry and academia contribute to Leonardo ENERGY Leonardo ENERGYs coordination is done by a team of professionals from the European Copper Institute and its European network of 11 offices5,000 visitors/day, 69,000 e-mail subscribers, weekly webinars, monthly coursesWhat can you expect from us?IntelligenceWebinarsE-learningPartnershipServicesGlobal Solar Thermal Energy CouncilREEGLEEstela SolarProtermosolarSeville UniversityTodays webinar partnersCSP Todayhttp:/www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons SOLAR THERMAL POWERManuel A. Silva Prezsilvaesi.us.esFundamentals of solar thermal concentrating systemshttp:/www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons Solar Thermal Concentrating SystemsSystems that make use of solar energy by first concentrating solar radiation and then converting it to thermal energyUses:Electricity (Solar Thermal Power)Industrial Process HeatAbsorption coolingChemical processesSolar energyAbundantHigh-quality energyVariable (on time)Unevenly distributed (on space)Low density ExcelentVery goodGoodInappropriateSolar resource availability. The solar belt3000 km90 % of the total electricity demand could be supplied from STP plants covering 300x300 km2.Effcient transmission via HVDC would allow electricity supply to remote areas with moderate losses.DESERTEC project: STP plants in the Magreb Area to supply electricity for Europe and AfricaSolar resource availability. The Desertec projectEU25Why high temperature?WTOpTAQ2Q1TDTCBeam IrradianceRadiative losses (emitted by receiver)Difuse IrradianceM.T.Q2Q1WTOpTAThe sun as a heat sourceWhy concentrate solar radiation?WTOpTAQ2Q1TDTCBeam IrradianceRadiative losses (emitted by receiver)Difuse IrradianceM.T.Q2Q1WTOpTAIdeal concentrating systemThe receiver (or absorber) converts concentrated solar radiation to thermal energy (heat)An ideal receiver may be characterized as a blackbody, which has only radiative lossesCONCENTRADORCONCENTRATORRECEIVERThermalEngineBeam IrradianceReceiver lossesConcentrationlossesConcentratedSolar radiationHeatWork / ElectricityHeatRejectedGeometrical concentration ratioThe geometrical concentration ratio, Cg, is defined asWhere Aabs is the receiver (or absorber) area and Ac is the collection area.Absorption areaConcentratorCollection areaOptical efficiency of the receiverIdeal concentratorThe maximum theoretical optical efficiency (when TabsTSky) is the effective absorptivity of the receiver.The higher the concentrated solar flux (C*I), the better the optical efficiency.The higher the absorber temperature, the higher the radiative loss and, therefore, optical efficiency is lower.The higher the effective emissivity, , the lower the optical efficiency.Global efficiency of the ideal concentrating systemIdeal concentrating systemFor each value of the geometrical concentration ratio, there is an optimum temperature.The higher the geometrical concentration ratio, the higher the optimum temperature and the global efficiency.Concentration limitsThe Sun is not a point light source. Seen From the Earth, is a disk of apparent diameter S 32.The maximum concentration ratio is given byWhere n and n are the refractive indices of the media that the light crosses before and after the reflection on the concentrator surface3232FocusOther factors affecting real concentrators. Non ideal concentrator surfaceIdeal curvatureSpherical curvature, with wavinessOther factors affecting real concentrators. SunshapeTypes of concentrating systemsLine focus (2D)Parabolic troughs; CLFRPoint focus (3D)Central receiver systems, parabolic concentrators (dishes)Real concentrating systemsTheoretical3D: 462002D: 215Manuel A. Silva Prezsilvaesi.us.esSolar Thermal Power Plantshttp:/www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons Solar thermal power100 % renewableBased on well known technologies:MaterialsSteelMirrorsWaterThermal oilMolten saltsEngineeringElectricalMechanicalThermalSolar thermal powerThe “fuel” is beam solar radiationPredictable within certain limitsStorage and hybridization provide aditional basis for dispatchabilityCentralized or distributed generationSolar thermal power has a very high potential of contribution to the electricity system during the next decadesSolar Thermal Power Plant. Basic configurationBeam irradianceConcentratorReceiverThermal StorageConcentrated irradianceElectricityPower conversion systemThermal energyBoilerFossil fuel BiomassMain Concentrating TechnologiesCentral Receiver / HeliostatsParabolic troughsParabolic dishesLinear Fresnel ReflectorsSolar thermal power plantsSolar Thermal Concentrating systems for electricity (energy) generationCSP in the Ancient timesCSP in the modern timesCETS. Breve historia Aos 80: plantas de demostracinRecent history of CSPPontevedra, UNED, julio 2007Other (unrealized) projectsSolgas (1993-1996). Hybrid solar-gas cogeneration plantColn Solar (1997-1998). Integration of solar energy in a conventional power plantNevada Solar One (Boulder City, NV), 2006.PS10 and PS20 (Seville, Spain). 2007 and 2009Kimberlina (Bakersfield, CA), 2008.Calasparra (Murcia, Spain) 2009.Andasol 1 (Granada, Spain), 2009Puertollano (Ciudad real, Spain), 2009Sierra Sun Tower (California, USA) 2009Maricopa Solar (Arizona, USA) 2009and many more to come during the next yearshttp:/www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons