书面表达（）书面表达（）书面表达（）书面表达（）2010年江苏省高考考试说明中对年江苏省高考考试说明中对书面表达的要求：书面表达的要求：要求考生根据所给提示与要求进行书面表达。考生应能：1.在一定的语境中准确使用英语语法和词汇；2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地用英语表达自己的意思。第一部分：记叙文第二部分：议论文第三部分：说明文第四部分：应用文第五部分：提纲作文第六部分：看图作文第七部分：图表作文第八部分：开放作文第一部分：记叙文第一部分：记叙文文体解读：记叙文是以记叙和描写为主，介绍人物的生平事迹或叙述事物的发展变化过程的一种文体。它的基本特点是陈述过程。记叙文一般要求交代清楚时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和过程(how)。记叙文的分类记叙文的分类一、以记人为主的记叙文二、以叙事为主的记叙文三、以写景状物为主的记叙文一、以记人为主的记叙文一、以记人为主的记叙文 此类记叙文一般要求以人物为中心组织材料，在写作过程中应注意对其外貌、语言及行为等方面的细节描写要生动形象。要求写作时，既要注意人物的个性与代表性，又要不失真实性。二、以叙事为主的记叙文二、以叙事为主的记叙文 此类记叙文要以事件为中心组织材料，应交代清楚六要素(when, where, who, what, why, how)。 在写作过程中要以时间为主线，合理安排写作顺序，注意要精心选择典型情节内容，把握好事情发生的起因、发展、高潮及结局，做到详略得当，主次分明。三、以写景状物为主的记叙文三、以写景状物为主的记叙文 此类文章首先要选用合适的描写方法：位置顺序（如由远及近）、方向顺序（如顺时针方向），一旦选择了某一顺序，全文就应保持一致。 其次要注意选词的多样化，使得单调的景物描写变得生动。 在描写过程中，应注意人与物的情感交融。写作步骤写作步骤一、明确目的确定文章是写人、叙事还是写景状物二、确定人称一般使用第一人称或第三人称三、注意时态一般用过去时四、列出要点五、选择顺序通常有顺叙、倒叙和插叙三种方式探究实例探究实例(09浙江浙江) 5月1日，高二（3）班的学生志愿者Li Yue和Zhang Hua去阳光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动（送水果、打扫、聊天等）。假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则100120个词的新闻报道。时间、地点、人物、活动；老人们的反应；简短评论。注意：报道的标题和记者姓名已给出（不计入总词数）。 Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly 解题指导解题指导题目研读：、讲叙志愿者活动的过程，属叙事类记叙文。、人称是第三人称，时态为过去时为主。、要点明确，用顺叙的方式写作。 4、文章分三段。遣词造句： . do some voluntary work . be warmly welcomed . present the elderly with flowers and fruits . clean the windows and sweep the floor . chat with the elderly people . thank them for their kindness . bring joy to others 范文借鉴范文借鉴 Student Volumteers Brought Sunshine to the ElderlyOn May Day, Li Yue and Zhang Hua, students from Class Three, Grade Two, went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival, Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed, and respectfully, they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits. Then, they started working at once, cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for their kindness. They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy. What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.By Chen Jie, School Newspaper 第二部分第二部分 议论文议论文 文体解读： 议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种常用文体，要求依据事实和逻辑推理针对某个问题或事件进行分析，并发表自己的见解和看法。 议论文三要素：论点、论据和论证。 “以理服人，以理取胜”，推理严密， 逻辑性强是议论文在高考中获得高分的关键。同时文章结构需完整，条理应清晰， 语言必须精练、准确、易懂。写作步骤写作步骤1、认真审题。明确论点、论据，采用合适的 论证方法2、确定人称和时态。一般采用第三人称3、提炼要点，选择用词。用词应准确、精炼4、使用连接性词语 on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, all in all, in short, as a result / consequence, whats more, whats worse, firstly, secondly, last but not the least.写作模式写作模式1、写作时常用三段式：开头开头提出要讨论的问题，解释这种讨论的重要性。正文正文文章的中心部分，对提出的问题进行分析、推论，并用所给提示对观点进行论证。如属于优缺点对比或正反对比的可分两段写。结尾结尾发表自己的观点。2、框架结构 引出话题观点一论据说明观点二论据说明 自己的观点论据说明常用套用语常用套用语1、引出话题 1) Recently our class have had a discussion about. Opinions are divided on this matter. 2) Im writing to tell you about the discussion we have about There are two different viewpoints about it. 3) Recently we have had a survey about Different people have different opinions.2、观点一论据说明观点二论据说明1) Some of us think that it is better to The reason is thatBesides this, Some others have just the opposite opinion. They think that Meanwhile,.2) 65 percent of the students are for the idea of doingThey believe that On the contrary, 35 percent of them dont agree with them. In their opinion, 3、自己的观点论据说明1) Personally, I agree with the second view. For one thing,For another,2) In my opinion / From my point of view / As far as I am concerned, I prefer the former. On the one hand, On the other hand,探究实例探究实例(08辽宁辽宁)假设你是李华，准备参加学校举办的主题为“健康成长”的英语作文比赛。请按要求写一篇短文，主要内容包括：1、乐观的人生态度；2、努力学习；3、参加体育锻炼。注意：1、词数100左右； 2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3、开头已经写好。 We all want to grow up happily and healthily, and for this goal we must do several things.解题指导解题指导题目研读1、文章主题已明确，只需围绕已给主题展开，注意包含所列要点。2、时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。3、脉络构思：本文可以分成三个层次（1）乐观的人生态度。（2）努力学习和参加体育锻炼。（3）总结遣词造句：遣词造句：1.develop a good attitude to life / have an optimistic attitude to life2. Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.3. We should be brave in front of difficulties.4. Knowledge is power.5. make contributions to our country6. enjoy life better/ enjoy the better life 7. Do sports so that we can keep fit.范文借鉴范文借鉴 We all want to grow up happily and healthily, and for this goal we must do several things. Firstly, we should develop a good attitude to life. Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times. We should be brave in front of difficulties. Secondly, we must study hard because knowledge is power. If we have the power, we can help to build our country and enjoy life better. In order to study well, we need to do sports so that we can keep fit. We can go running, play ball games or simply take a walk after a days study. If we do those things well, we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.第三部分第三部分 说明文说明文文体解读 说明文是对人或物的特征、性质、形状以及功能，或是对食物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、阐述的一种文体。 它以说明为主要表达方式，力求清晰，使文章易于理解。 说明文采用客观表述，避免主观色彩，同时具有内容的科学性、说明的条理性和语言的准确性等特点。写作策略写作策略1、把握说明对象。根据写作要求，抓住人物或事件的主要特征展开描写。2、确保语言精炼。必须做到语言通俗、精炼、易懂，不必使用华丽的辞藻，更不能长篇大论，抒发情感。3、注重说明过程。写作时，要讲究层次和条理。根据不同的说明对象选用不同的写作顺序和方法： 1）时间顺序。用于介绍人物和事情的发展。2）空间顺序。用于介绍地点。3）比较法。用于将同类或不同类的事物进行比较。4）数据说明法。用于介绍事物或事物的发展。常见套用语常见套用语1、地点介绍1）位置My home is located/ lies near/ in front of/ by the side ofThe building stands at the foot of / on the top ofWest of our city stands a beautiful park.Surrounded by the river,. looks very beautiful.2）人口China has a population of 130 million. China is a developing country, with a population of 130 million.The population of is3）面积 Our city covers/ has an area of square kilometers.4）历史 China has a history of over 5,000 years.2、介绍人物1）出生及家庭背景 He was born in a poor/rich family. He was a son of a poor/ rich family. His family was so poor that2）所受教育 graduate from. receive a doctors degree go abroad for further studies3）爱好及业绩 be interested in/ be fond of have a gift/ talent for sth. devote / dedicate his life/ himself to doing sth. win a prize in .4）总结 set a good example for be respected by. be honored as 探究实例探究实例(08重庆重庆) 学校网站新开设了一个“英语写作”栏目(column)，以便学生发表(post)英语作文，进行交流，提高写作能力。现请你为该栏目写一个英文介绍，内容包括：开设目的栏目优势：教师在线(online)指导等作文要求：内容贴近学生生活优秀作文的鼓励办法邀请大家参与注意： 1、词数100左右。 2、开头语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。 Welcome to the column “English Writing”!解题指导解题指导题目研读题目研读 这是一篇介绍学校网站开设的某栏目的说明文，时态为一般现在时，兼顾一般将来时。脉络构思脉络构思 本文应分两段。遣词造句 1.The aim/ purpose of opening this column is to. 2. communicate with each other 3. improve ones writing abilities 4. be close to the students life 5. select/ pick out the best articles 6. Everybody is welcome to take part in the writing column范文借鉴范文借鉴 Welcome to the column “English Writing”! Recently the school website has set up a new column called “English Writing” ,which provides students with the chances to post their composition and communicate with each other. Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way, but they can strengthen their self-confidence. The column has lots of advantages. It is the teachers guide online that has an advantage over the other columns. If necessary, the students can have a direct “ask and answer” with professional teachers. It is required that the composition should be related to the students life. Whats more, if it is organized well enough, the writer will be rewarded for it. Hoping to the students participation.第四部分第四部分 应用文应用文文体解读 应用文主要包括：书信(电子邮件）、日记、发言稿、通知等。 应用文都在实践中形成了规范的格式，要求考生能通过某一格式的运用，达到准确表达、传递信息的目的。 近两年高考中的应用文主要有书信和发言稿。 一、书信一、书信 英文书信是一种最常用的应用文体，普通的私人信件,通常由五部分组成： 1、信头：指发信人的地址和日期。写在信纸的右上角。信头上面要留空白。先写发信人地址。地址的写法与汉语不同，要先写小地方，后写大地方。在地址的下面写日期。日期的顺序是：月、日、年或者日、月、年。例如：May 17，2003。在年份之前有一个逗号。 2、称呼：指对收信人的称呼。写在信头之下，从信纸的左边开始。写信给熟悉的人时，一般用Dear或My dear作称呼。如：Dear Li Lei， Dear Miss Thomas或My dear Dad 3、信的正文：指信的主体部分。从称呼的下一行第一段顶边写。从第二段起每段第一个词都缩进3或5个字母写。(空格算一个字母)4、结束语：指正文下面的结尾客套话。一般从信纸的中央靠右写起，第一个字母大写，末尾用一逗号。在非正式的社交信中，常用Yours Sincerely。假如对方是亲密的朋友，可用Sincerely yours ，Yours等。 5、签名：指发信人签名。写在结束语的下面，稍 偏右。 二、发言稿二、发言稿 发言稿是为了在某一场合表达自己的意见、看法，或汇报思想、讨论结果等而事先准备好的文稿。 发言稿有开头（称呼语）、正文和结尾（结束语）三部分，一般开门见山地提出要谈的问题及对问题的看法，然后说明理由，最后照应开头对全文作简明扼要的总结。 注意：写作时要用词得体，符合语言环境，语言简洁明了，文章条理清楚。时态一般用现在时，人称以第一人称为主。常用套语： 开头：Dear friends,/ Good morning (afternoon/ evening), everyone./ Hello, everyone. 结尾：Thank you for listening!/ Thats all. Thank you!三、日记三、日记 日记记述一天中发生的有意义的事，或对此发表观点、感受，或描述将来的前景。通常日记可分为记事、议论、描写和抒情等类型。 格式：一般在左上角写上日期，星期紧跟其后。同行居右写天气情况（Fine/ Sunny, Rainy, Cloudy, Snowy, Windy) 时态：多为过去时。四、通知四、通知1、口头通知 口头通知通常是口头传达的消息，一般不用写出通知的时间或通知的单位。 称呼应根据通知的对象而定，常用：Boys and girls, Ladies and gentlemen. 有提醒听众注意的词语或句子，如Attention, please!/ May I have your attention, please! 正文要交代清楚事由、目的、时间、地点、组织者和活动内容。时态以一般将来时为主。通知的最后是结束语Thats all, thank you./ So much for it. Thank you./Does everyone understand?2.2.书面通知书面通知 书面通知要写清楚发出通知的单位和时间。正文要求写请事由、时间、地点、活动内容等，时态以一般将来时为主。 注意点：1、通知上方居中应写上Notice .2、发通知的单位可以放在正文的最后，也可以放在标题之上或与标题相平。3、书面通知无称呼语，写作时要简明扼要。4、通知的日期应放在正文的左下方，在单位名称的下一行。探究实例探究实例(09安徽安徽) 假设你正在参加全省中学生英语演讲比赛，请你针对有些父母经常翻看孩子日记或书包这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。演讲稿的主要内容应包括：认为同学们不必为此苦恼；希望能够体谅父母的苦衷；建议与父母进行交流和沟通。 Ladies and gentleman, Some of us are having problems with our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries._ Thank you!范文借鉴范文借鉴Ladies and gentlemen, Some of us are having problems with our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries. I fully understand why we are not comfortable about it, but theres no need to feel too sad. Our parents are checking our bags or diaries to make sure were not getting into any trouble. They have probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and thought we might do the same. Or perhaps they just want to connect with us but are doing it all wrong. My suggestion is: Tell them we want them to trust us as much as wed like to trust them. If you dont think you can talk to them, write them a letter and leave it lying aroundthey are bound to read it. Thank you!Thank you!