Advanced Communication Systems 现代通信系统(双语)Prof. LIU Jiakang 刘家康 教授Beijing Institute of Technology 北京理工大学bitliujk163.com2008.9.Course Brief 课程概要Course Name: Advanced Communication Systems 课程名称：现代通信系统This is a discipline course for the final-year student in Information Engineering major.这是信息工程专业大四学生的一门专业课。This course will be taught in bilingual. All teaching materials, including lecture notes, homeworks, experiment, examination, will only in English.本课程是双语教学，所有教学材料(包括课件、作业、实验、考试)均用英语。Course Purpose课程目标To introduce the telecommunication technology介绍通信技术To cover the history of Telecommunication覆盖通信历史To explain the principle of data transmission 解释数据信号传输原理To illustrate how communication networks are designed 解释通信网络是如何设计的To describe the trend for network convergence 描述网络融合的趋势Textbook 教材Textbook: Tamara Dean, Guide to Telecommunication Technology, CENGAGE (previously Thomson Learning) 2003, ISBN 0-619-03547-1 远程通信技术,清华大学出版社影印版，2003年,758页,78元,ISBN 7-302-07266-3Website: http:/www.course.com/Extensive Review Questions, hands-on Activities, and Case Projects in each chapter. 每章后有丰富的复习思考题和实验项目。 References 参考书R.L.Freeman, Fundamentals of Telecommunications, Wiley, 1999G.Kennedy, B.Davis, Electronic Communication Systems, McGraw-Hill, 1993Ray Blake, Electronic Communication Systems (2nd ed) 电子工业出版社，2002年Wayne Tomasi, Electronic Communications Systems (4th ed)电子工业出版社，2002年Course Evaluation 课程结业方式75% Final Close-book Exam 期末闭卷考试25% Homework, Experiment, Attendance 平时作业、实验、出勤率All work should be written in ENGLISH. 所有的作业和考试必须使用英文书写提交。Homework and Experiment report should be handed in on the Course website http:/eol.bit.edu.cn/ 作业和实验必须提交到指定的网站。Course Website 课程的网站Website: http:/eol.bit.edu.cn/ How to log in: lUsername is your student ID No.lPassword is initialized to your class number (such as 01510400)Find the course “现代通信系统” on the site.All 60 students have been registered in the course. You should be able to see the course.Telecommunications OverviewChapter 1Advanced Communication Systems 现代通信系统(双语)ObjectivesIn this chapter, you will learn to:Define communication and telecommunicationIllustrate components of a communication systemUnderstand the difference between voice, video, and data telecommunicationsDescribe how telecommunication is used in a variety of industriesIdentify careers available to telecommunications professionalsIdentify the organizations responsible for establishing significant telecommunications standards and policiesSection 1.1 What is communication?什么是通信？什么是通信？The Romans used the Latin word communicare when they meant to make common, to share, or to impart.”Definition of CommunicationCommunication is the sharing of information or messages between two or more entities. 通信的定义通信的定义 通信通信是指是指两个或多个实体两个或多个实体之间之间共享信息共享信息的过程的过程。 Elements of a Communication System通信系统基本组成通信系统基本组成SIX elements: 共有六个部分共有六个部分Source - the originator of the message, whether it is a person or machine. 信源Transmitter - the equipment that modifies the message (either data or voice) into the form required for transmission. 发射机Communications channel - the means of carrying the signal from the source to the destination. 信道信道Elements of a Communication System (cont.)Transmission media - may be physical, like a copper wire or fiber optic cable, or atmospheric, like radio waves. 传输介质Receiver - is the device that captures the message from the communications channel and converts it into a form that the person or machine at the destination can understand. 接收机Destination - the person or machine to whom the message is directed 目的端Elements of a Communication System DiagramFlow of Messages信息的流向信息的流向 （工作方式）（工作方式）Simplex - the type of communication in which messages flow in only one direction, from source to destination. 单工Half-duplex communication - occurs when messages travel in both directions between the source and the destination, but in only one direction at a time. 半双工Full-duplex communication - messages can travel over the communications channel in both directions simultaneously. 全双工Flow of MessagesRelative Number of Sources and Destinations收发端相对数量收发端相对数量 （通信方式）（通信方式）One-to-one communication - a single source sends information to a single destination.一对一通信One-to-many communication - a single source simultaneously sends information to multiple destinations.一对多通信Many-to-many communication - occurs when many sources issue messages to many destinations.多对多通信Relative Number of Sources and DestinationsQuick QuizListen to my question carefully.1. True of False2. Fill in the blank3. Fill in the blank4. Fill in the blankSection 1.2 What is Telecommunication?什么是电信？什么是电信？ Communication that spans a distance.Voice telecommunication - using electrical signals to transmit human voice across a distance, such as telephones and radio broadcasts. Video telecommunication - the electrically-based transmission of moving pictures and sound across a distance.Data telecommunication - the use of electrical signals to exchange encoded information between computerized devices across a distance.What is Telecommunication?Quick QuizListen to my question carefully.1. Fill in the blank2. Fill in the blank3. Fill in the blankVoice The telephony infrastructure includes cross-continental fiber optic cable to facilitate international voice telecommunications and national and regional cabling to connect long distance calls.lIt includes numerous local, regional, and national switching centers where phone calls are routed to their destinations by computerized telephone switches. lIt also includes local connections (up to three miles in length) to residences (住地)and businesses capable of greater connection speed and volume than ever before. lFinally, it includes the sophisticated telephone equipment and applications that users rely on.Section 1.3 Modern Telecommunication Systems DataTelegraph - one of the first data telecommunications inventions, uses wire to convey (传送) electrical pulses that represent letters or numbers over a distance.Newer data telecommunications technology is not only faster, but also ensures better accuracy due to more reliable transmission media and techniques that enable the receiver to monitor the integrity of the data it has received.DataPresent-day data telecommunications technologies include:lEncoded information transmitted over traditional telephone lines lEncoded information saved to fixed media, such as a hard disk, floppy disk, or CD ROMlEncoded information exchanged between two computers that are directly connected by a single cablelEncoded information exchanged by a group of connected computers on a networklEncoded information exchanged by two devices over radio waves Types of Telecommunications CompaniesService providers - those that supply the communications channels for voice and data transmission. 服务提供商Equipment providers - those that supply the user and connectivity equipment, such as telephones. 设备提供商Growth of the Telecommunications IndustryThe United States government recently released a report citing the number of high-speed lines connecting individuals and businesses to the Internet increased 36% during the first half of the year 2001, for a total of 9.6 million high-speed connections.The number of minutes Americans spend on interstate long-distance telephone calls has quadrupled in the last 25 years to a total of 600 billion minutes.As of July 2001, the number of computers that provide files and Web pages to users on the Internet had grown to over 125 million, maintaining a 63% annual growth rate.Section 1.4 Telecommunication at Work生活中生活中的电信的电信 Financial ServicesCall center - a facility dedicated to fielding customer calls.Interactive voice response (IVR) system - a method of sending information over the telephone by pressing buttons in response to recorded voice prompts, to answer routine questions.Automatic call distributor (ACD) - uses computerized devices attached to the phone lines to automatically route calls to specific phone extensions.Financial ServicesUtilitiesRecent deregulation (the introduction of competition for services) in the utilities industry has made telecommunications even more critical to this industry.To persuade their customers not to choose another utility provider, utility companies must strive harder to please their customers, in part by answering questions as promptly as possible.An advanced call center at a utilities company typically uses both an ACD and an IVR.ManufacturingThe use of advanced voice, video, and data telecommunications in manufacturing has resulted in faster and more efficient production of goods and at the same time it has also increased global competition.Supply chain management, an electronic means for connecting a manufacturer with its suppliers and distributors is a notable example of the use of telecommunications in the manufacturing industry.TransportationExamples of the transportation industrys use of telecommunications include:lcomputerized flight control for airport trafficlsoftware that issues maps and directions based on a given starting point and destinationlgovernment-sponsored transportation hotlines that inform callers about road construction and hazardous road conditionslsystems for suggesting the most efficient route between multiple locationsRetailE-business - the use of data telecommunications to conduct business transactions.The apparel and sportswear segment of the retail industry uses particularly sophisticated and unique telecommunications technology for their online business.Before the products even reach a retailers point of sale (such as a Web site), telecommunications technology helps with manufacturing, quality control, inventory, distribution, and product shipping.Healthcare Telemedicine - a field that brings patients and healthcare professionals together by exchanging voice, video, and data over distances when they cant meet face-to-face.lImproves the quality of healthcare because ailments can often be diagnosed and treated faster. lAlso streamlines the record-keeping process for clinicians who spend a great deal of time entering data about their cases. Government and EducationMany government agencies use advanced telecommunications to provide faster and easier access to public services.Telecommunications also plays a significant role in education. In South Carolina, a large public school district is improving education through distance learning. lDistance learning - the use of telecommunications technology to inform, educate, or train students across distances. New Frontiers for Telecommunications TechnologyFiber optic cable - a transmission media that contains thin strands of fiber in its core and uses pulses of light to convey signals.lCapable of carrying higher amounts of data, voice, or video within a given time span than any other type of media.New Frontiers for Telecommunications Technology contdQuick QuizListen to my question carefully.1. Fill in the blank2. Fill in the blank3. Fill in the blankSection 1.5 Careers in Telecommunications电信职业电信职业 No matter what type of telecommunications position you seek, the following will serve you well:lThe ability to install, maintain, and troubleshoot the system of cables and wires that carry telecommunications serviceslA thorough knowledge of the public telephone network, and the carriers and regulations that are part of itlFamiliarity with enhanced telephone services (such as IVR and ACD)lA mastery of the basic principles of electricityCareers in Telecommunications No matter what type of telecommunications position you seek, the following will serve you well:lA clear understanding of how computers accept and interpret data from other computers over a networklThe ability to design, install, and troubleshoot basic networkslAn understanding of how the Internet workslFamiliarity with wireless transmission methodsCareers in TelecommunicationsAreas within the field of telecommunications that you might consider specializing in:lNetworked convergence of voice, video, and datalElectronics and circuit design and engineeringlDevelopment of telephony and computer applicationslWireless telephony and networkinglInformation securityCareers in TelecommunicationsQuick QuizListen to my question carefully.1. True or False2. True or False3. True or FalseSection 1.6 Telecommunications Standard Organization 电信标准化组织电信标准化组织Standards - documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria that stipulate how a particular product or service should be designed or performed.American National Standards Institute (ANSI) - ensures that the test results from one manufacturer can be accurately compared to other manufacturers results.Both ANSI and ITU are involved in setting standards for Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) communications.ANSIThe ANSI (American National Standards Institute) - an organization composed of over a thousand representatives from industry and government who together determine standards for the electronics industry.ANSI does not dictate that manufacturers comply with their standards, but requests them to voluntarily comply.TIA and EIAThe EIA (Electronics Industry Alliance) - is a trade organization composed of representatives from electronics manufacturing firms across the United States. TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) - focuses on standards for information technology, wireless, satellite, fiber optics, and telephone equipment.IEEEIEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) - an international society composed of engineering professionals.Its goals are to promote development and education in the electrical engineering and computer science fields.ATISATIS (The Association for Telecommunications Industry Solutions) - a North American trade association made of thousands of companies that provide communications equipment and services.Its membership reviews emerging technology and agrees on standards and operating procedures to ensure that services and equipment supplied by multiple companies can be easily integrated.ISOISO (International Organization for Standardization) - a collection of standards organizations representing 130 countries with its headquarters located in Geneva, Switzerland.Its goal is to establish international technological standards to facilitate global exchange of information and barrier-free trade.ITUThe ITU (International Telecommunications Union) - a specialized United Nations agency that regulates international telecommunication usage, including radio and TV frequencies, satellite and telephony specifications, networking infrastructure, and tariffs applied to global communication.Provides developing countries with technical expertise and equipment to advance their technological base.U.S. Government Regulatory and Legislative BodiesFederal Communications Commission (FCC) - founded in 1934 in response to the growth and need for control over the telecommunications industry, is the primary national regulatory agency involved in telecommunications.Public Service Commission (PSC) - the states equivalent to the FCC.Quick QuizListen to my question carefully.1. Fill in the blank2. Fill in the blank3. Fill in the blankClass Discussion Topics1. Examples of present-day data communication2. How has telemedicine affected the quality of health care?Experiences with distance learning.SummaryCommunication is the conveyance and understanding of meaningful information from one entity to another.Data telecommunication refers to use of electrical signals to exchange encoded information between computerized devices across a distance.Within the field of telecommunications, professionals typically divide its services into three categories: voice, video, and data.The telephone is the primary means of transmitting and receiving voice signals.