A Practical Translation Course for College Students 教案2Translation before ClassPeople often say that a dog is mans best friend. Over thousands of years, man has taught his dogs to do many kinds of work besides guarding the home. For example, sheepdogs are famous for their ability to control a flock of hundreds of sheep. Dogs have been used to aid disabled people for centuries. A guide dog can lead its blind owner. Nowadays, dogs can be taught to turn on light switches, open refrigerator doors and dial the telephone for their disabled owners. For the majority of people, however, dogs are simply pets and friends for both young and old members of the family.教学内容教学内容第二章 翻译的基础知识与技巧2.1 词汇的理解 2.1.1 理解专业知识和文化背景知识 复习概念：翻译的概念、标准、意义、方法等 2.1.2 词语的分隔 2.1.3. “多枝共干”课堂练习课后作业第二章：第二章： 翻译的基础知识与技巧翻译的基础知识与技巧 2.1 词汇的理解词汇的理解2.1.2 词语的分隔词语的分隔英语词语分隔按其性质可分为四大类：修辞性分隔、修饰英语词语分隔按其性质可分为四大类：修辞性分隔、修饰性分隔、插入性分隔和倒装性分隔。性分隔、插入性分隔和倒装性分隔。 修辞性分隔修辞性分隔：为了使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，就把两个：为了使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，就把两个本该相连的成分拆开，这种分隔被称之为修辞性分隔。本该相连的成分拆开，这种分隔被称之为修辞性分隔。Consumer goods are also abundant of good quality and variety.质量好，品种多的消费品也供应充足。质量好，品种多的消费品也供应充足。修饰性分隔修饰性分隔：语法或语义关系密切的两个句子成分被其修：语法或语义关系密切的两个句子成分被其修饰作用的词语或从句分隔开来，这种分隔称之为修饰性分饰作用的词语或从句分隔开来，这种分隔称之为修饰性分隔隔e.g. He marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue. 他给所有来到附件喂食处的蜜蜂标上蓝色。插入性分隔插入性分隔：当说话者对所述内容进行说明、解释或阐明：当说话者对所述内容进行说明、解释或阐明自己的态度，看法时，往往在句子中插入一些词语。由于自己的态度，看法时，往往在句子中插入一些词语。由于在句子插入某些词语而造成的分隔，就叫做插入性分隔。在句子插入某些词语而造成的分隔，就叫做插入性分隔。e.g. I found the book, on the whole, very interesting. 总起来看，我觉得这本书非常有趣。e.g. His condition is, what worries me, getting worse. 使我忧虑的是，他的健康状况越来越差。倒装性分隔倒装性分隔：由于语法或修辞上的需要，将某些句子成分：由于语法或修辞上的需要，将某些句子成分提到前面，从而造成被提前的成分与原来相关的句子成分提到前面，从而造成被提前的成分与原来相关的句子成分分隔开来，这种原因造成的分隔称为倒装性分隔分隔开来，这种原因造成的分隔称为倒装性分隔e.g. Poor though he is, he is honest. 虽然他穷，但他很诚实。e.g. The more he works, the more he gets. 他越努力，他就收获越多。e.g. Very grateful we are for your help. 对你们的帮助我们非常感激。1.A list has been drawn up of all the verbs taught so far.2.Every day news comes from all over the country of great success in one field after another.3.Difference still remains between town and country.4.In that year, the aeronautical society of Great Britain was formed to stimulate research and experiment.5.The paper, published here, denounced the aggressors for their massacre of the innocent people.6.A successful scientist usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation.Practice in Class“多枝共干多枝共干” ” , , 顾名思义指的是顾名思义指的是“多个分枝共用一个主干多个分枝共用一个主干”的的意思。指的是意思。指的是“一个动词带有两个或多个宾语一个动词带有两个或多个宾语; ; 两个或多个两个或多个动词短语共用一个宾语动词短语共用一个宾语; ; 一个名词一个名词 ( (短语短语) ) 带有两个或多带有两个或多个修饰语个修饰语; ; 两个或多个名词两个或多个名词( (短语短语) ) 共用一个修饰语共用一个修饰语”等等等等此类结构。此类结构。1. 1. 一般情况下一般情况下, , 可采用可采用“顺译法顺译法”和和“重复译法重复译法”按照原按照原结构译出。可采用汉语的结构译出。可采用汉语的“不但不但而且而且”,“”,“和和”,“”,“并且并且”等结构译出。但由于汉语语义搭配要等结构译出。但由于汉语语义搭配要求甚严求甚严, , 因此因此, “, “重复重复”翻译时要注意词与词的搭配。翻译时要注意词与词的搭配。 2.1.3 “多枝共干多枝共干”The scent of a rose can elicit not only a pleasurable sensation but emotions and memories as well.玫瑰的香味不但会引起令人愉快的感觉玫瑰的香味不但会引起令人愉快的感觉, 而且还会诱发情而且还会诱发情绪和记忆。绪和记忆。Not only do those satellites perform a variety of tasks but they come in numerous shapes, sizes and nationalities.这些卫星不但执行的任务多种多样这些卫星不但执行的任务多种多样, 而且形状有别、大小而且形状有别、大小不等、国籍迥异。不等、国籍迥异。2. 对于对于“多个名词共用一个后置修饰语多个名词共用一个后置修饰语”的的“多枝共干多枝共干”结结构构, 除采用上述的除采用上述的“重复译法重复译法”外外,要把要把“后置后置”变变“前置前置”, 译成译成“的的”。例如。例如:K is a constant whose value depends upon the nature and dimensions of the object under stress. K是一个常数是一个常数,其值取决于其值取决于受压物体的受压物体的性质和大小。性质和大小。Some of the energy of the charge produces the sound and light which enable us to hear and see the spark. 电荷的部分能量产生了我们能够电荷的部分能量产生了我们能够看到的看到的火花以及能够火花以及能够听到听到的的火花的声音火花的声音All plant and animal tissues are largely composed of carbon compounds, water, and a small mineral content.They saw no need to give rules for nominalization or the construction of causative sentences which pupils constantly used.Cultural traits, folklore, myths and beliefs of various ethnic groups originate within each group according to laws of cultural evolution.The scientific efforts of individual countries will tend to be unified and coordinated by supra-national entities.Before liberation, this city used to tolerate dirt and flies and suffer in consequence endemic plague.He was American Indian writer, lecturer and activist in the cause of Indian rights.Practice in ClassPractice after Class Too often people set a difficult task, then give up. Goals should be focused on what is achievable. Once youve defined your goal, write it down. High achievers trace their accomplishments to the time when they committed their goals to paper. Breaking a goal down into bite-size pieces makes achieving it seems less fearful. A technique called backward planning consists of setting an objective and then retracing the steps needed to achieve it. A goal is a dream with a deadline. Deadlines provide a time frame for action and get us moving in the striving for our dreams. If you are really committed, you will make that goal a reality. Set an ambitious target and commit to it. Youll find you can rally resources you never thought you had. Usually, its the anticipation of failure that paralyzes, not failure itself. We survive our failures. We pick ourselves up and try again. We have to. Along the way to any goal, you will be confronted with obstacles. Belief in yourself can act as an anesthetic against these setbacks. Usually, its the anticipation of failure that paralyzes, not failure itself. We survive our failures. We pick ourselves up and try again. We have to. Along the way to any goal, you will be confronted with obstacles. Belief in yourself can act as an anesthetic against these setbacks