Unit 1Great scientists 1conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出结束；推断出 They conclude their study with these words.他们以这些话结束调查报告。When you didnt arrive, we concluded that the car had broken down.你没来，我们推断汽车一定是坏了。上一页上一页conclude sth. (from sth.)/(from sth.) that .推断出；断定conclude sth. with sth./by doing sth. 以结束conclude sth. with sb. 就某事与某人达成协议to conclude 最后 上一页上一页What do you conclude from all this?你从所有这一切当中得出什么结论？They concluded an agreement with their neighbouring country.他们与邻邦缔结了一项协定。 conclusion n 结束；结论in conclusion 最后；总之arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论come to a conclusion that. 所得结论是 学以致用学以致用(单项填空)Dont jump to a _ before considering all the facts or you may be easily taken in.(2011温州适应性测试)Aconclusion BdevotionCadmission Ddetermination 上一页上一页上一页上一页【解析解析】句意：考虑好所有事实之前不要匆忙下结论，否则容易受骗。conclusion“结论”，jump to a conclusion“匆忙下结论”，符合句意。devotion“献身；热爱”； admission“承认；准许进入”； determination“决心”。 【答案答案】A 2. defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫打败；战胜；使受挫 n失败失败 Our football team defeated theirs this time.这一次我们的足球队打败了他们的足球队。The last question on the paper defeated me.试卷上的最后一道题目难住了我。It was the election defeat that made him disappointed.竞选失败使他非常失望。上一页上一页上一页上一页四者都含有“赢；胜”的意思。(1)defeat和beat的宾语通常是人或一个集体，如：a team，a class，a school，an army，二者常可互换。defeat既可指比赛，也可指在战场上打败敌人；beat侧重于在比赛中战胜对手。In the end their army was defeated.最后他们的部队被击(打)败了。We beat their team by 10 points.我们赢了他们队十分。 defeat/beat/win/gain(2)win和gain属一组同义词。win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等；gain表示获得需要之物，它常跟的宾语有ones living，experience，strength，time，knowledge，attention，respect，admiration等。They won the battle but lost many men. 他们取得了这次战斗的胜利，但牺牲了很多人。We shall gain experience through practice. 我们应该通过实践获得经验。上一页上一页学以致用学以致用(单项填空)Why are they so glad?Because they have _ their rival again.(2010冀州中学期中考试) Awon Bhit Cdefeated Dbeat【解析解析】句意：他们为什么这么高兴？因为他们再次击败了自己的对手。defeat表示打败对手，符合句意。此处也可用beat，但是此处应用其过去分词beaten；win后不跟人；hit指“打中”或“对准来打”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点。 【答案答案】C上一页上一页3. expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光暴露；揭露；使曝光Dont expose your snowman to the sun.不要把你的雪人暴露在阳光下。Lu Xun exposed the evil of the old society in his works.鲁迅在他的作品里揭露了旧社会的罪恶。Dont expose the film to light.不要把胶片曝光。 上一页上一页expose sth./sb./oneself (to.)显露或暴露某事物/某人/某人 自己be exposed to. 置身于；暴露于with sth. exposed 某物露出 上一页上一页He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报社透露了这个计划。Iron exposed to the air soon turns brown.铁暴露于空气中很快会变成褐色。上一页上一页上一页上一页四者都含有“景象的出现”或“展示某物让人看”的意思。(1)expose指“陈列商品等”。The salesman exposed some of his goods in a shopwindow. 售货员将一些货物陈列于一个商店橱窗内。(2)show普通用语，应用范围极广。可指一般意义上的出示或展示；也可指有意或无意地把某物给别人看。A mans actions show his character. 一个人的行动展现他的性格。expose/show/display/exhibit(3)display指把某物摆出来或陈列出来，使人能看清楚，也指显露出某种情绪。Jewelry is displayed on a sales counter.珠宝陈列在柜台里。(4)exhibit指把某物展示给公众，目的在于销售、竞争，或是供人参观、评价。Unearthed cultural relics was exhibited here last month.上个月在这里展出了出土文物。 上一页上一页_sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.AExposed BHaving exposedCBeing exposed DAfter being exposed学以致用学以致用(单项填空)上一页上一页【解析解析】句意：暴露在阳光下太长时间会对皮肤造成伤害。be exposed to“置身于；暴露于”，此处用其ing形式作主语；B项形式不正确；A、D两项不能作主语，故选C。 【答案答案】 C上一页上一页4. cure n治愈；痊愈治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗；解决治愈；治疗；解决 The doctor claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease.这个医生声称找到了治愈那个疾病的疗法。He says he can cure me but I still doubt him.他说他能治好我的病， 但我还是不相信他。Science cannot provide a cure for all the worlds problems.科学不可能解决世界上所有的问题。 上一页上一页cure sb. of 治愈某人的疾病；矫正某人的不良行为a cure for sth. 治疗的方法；对策 上一页上一页Parents try to cure their children of bad habits.父母试图改掉孩子的恶习。There is no cure for the common cold at present.目前仍没有治愈感冒的办法。上一页上一页上一页上一页(1)cure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于用药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。That pill cured my headache.那药治好了我的头疼。(2)treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有两名大夫来治疗50多个病人。cure/treat/heal/recover 上一页上一页(3)heal意为“治愈(伤口); 医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的患部，使伤口愈合，不用于治疗感冒等疾病。The wound on my arm has healed. 我胳膊上的伤已治好了。(4)recover意为“痊愈；复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈，常与from连用。Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold.他现在已从重感冒完全康复了。上一页上一页学以致用学以致用(单项填空)His son is very naughty and has got into some bad habits. I think he should_. (2011日照一中段考)Acure them of him Bcure him of themCtreat them for him Dtreat him for them【解析解析】句意：他儿子很淘气，养成了一些坏习惯。我想他应该改掉他的这些坏习惯。cure sb.of sth.“矫正/改正某人的不良行为”，符合句意。 【答案答案】B 上一页上一页5. suspect vt. 怀疑怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 I suspect (that) you once thought otherwise.我怀疑你一度有过不同的想法。Two suspects are now being questioned in connection with the killing.与杀人案有关的两名嫌疑犯正在接受审讯。 上一页上一页上一页上一页suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人做某事a suspect for 有嫌疑的人 The police suspect him of having taken the money.警察怀疑钱是他偷的。The letter makes him a possible suspect for her murder. 这封信使他成为谋杀她的嫌疑人。 上一页上一页学以致用学以致用(单项填空)He was _of selling state secrets and arrested last month.Asuspected BdoubtedCrespected Dinspected【解析解析】句意：他被怀疑出卖国家机密，上个月被逮捕了。be suspected of“被怀疑”，符合句意。doubt“怀疑”，后跟介词about；respect“尊重”； inspect“检查”。 【答案答案】A 上一页上一页6. blame vt.责备；谴责责备；谴责 n. 过失；责备过失；责备 The inquiry blamed the train driver for the accident.调查组指出火车司机应对事故负责。His players had to take the blame for the defeat.他的选手不得不对过失负责。I rather than you，am to blame.该受到责备的是我而不是你。 上一页上一页blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for) 应(为)承担责任；该(为)受责备 (此处不能用被动语态)accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人 上一页上一页They blame youth crime on unemployment.他们把青年犯罪归咎于失业。They are trying to put the blame on us.他们企图把罪责推到我们身上 上一页上一页上一页上一页(1)blame 意为“责备；谴责”，强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚。常用于结构blame sb. for sth.。(2)accuse 意为“谴责；指责”， 语气比blame强，本意为“归罪”，可用于指非难或谴责之意。常用于结构accuse sb. of sth.。(3)scold意为“斥责；责骂”， 多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。常用于结构scold sb. for sth.。 blame/accuse/scold上一页上一页学以致用学以致用(单项填空)Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16yearold boy, saying that he was not the one_.Ablamed BblamingCto blame Dto be blamed【解析解析】句意：格林先生起身为这个16岁的男孩辩护，说他不是应该承担责任的人。be to blame“为承担责任”，为固定搭配，用主动形式表示被动含义，故选C。 【答案答案】C 上一页上一页7reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃拒绝；不接受；抛弃 We rejected his idea for a music club.我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法。It is hard for me to reject some bad habits.我很难改掉一些坏习惯。 上一页上一页(1)reject表示断然拒绝，不接受不适当、不满足或厌恶的东西，如建议、计划、赠物、求婚、正义、忠告等，语气最强，有时还含有“抛弃；剔除”等意思。只可接名词，主语只能是人。He rejected their invitation pointblank.他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。(2)refuse是普通用语，指坚决、果断甚至是粗暴的对别人的要求、请求、引诱或帮助加以拒绝，后接名词、代词或不定式，主语可以是人也可以是物。She refused his offer.她拒绝了他的提议。 reject/refuse/decline上一页上一页(3)decline常指委婉的拒绝，近似汉语的谢绝，多用于对他人的邀请或提供的帮助。在与不定式连用时相当于一般的“拒绝”，可与refuse通用。We asked him to come to our party, but he declined (the invitation)我们请他来赴宴，但他谢绝了。上一页上一页学以致用(单项填空)I threatened to report the taxi driver for illegally _ a passenger, but he pointed at his “Not for Hire” sign and drove away.Aresisting BrejectingCreducing Dremoving上一页上一页【解析】句意：我威胁出租车司机告他非法拒载乘客，但他指了指他的“不出租”标志就开走了。reject“拒绝接受”；resist“抵抗；反对”；reduce“减少”；remove“去掉”。由句中“Not for Hire”可知空格处应为“拒绝接受”之意，故选B。 【答案】B上一页上一页8apart from除除之外；此外之外；此外 Apart from a few faults, he is a perfect teacher.除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的老师。Apart from the cost, the dress doesnt suit me.姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。上一页上一页apart from 除之外(根据上下文的不同，也可用作besides，except和except for)in addition to 除之外(还有，包括在内) besides 除之外(还有，包括在内) except (for) 除之外(还有，不包括在内) except that 除之外(还有，不包括在内) 上一页上一页In addition to income tax, some states charge sales tax.除了收入所得税外，有些州还要收购物税。Your essay is good except for some spelling mistake.你的文章很好只是有一些拼写错误。上一页上一页学以致用(单项填空)_you，I had no one to talk to.AApart from BIncludingCWithout DTogether with上一页上一页【解析】句意：除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。apart from“除了”，符合句意。【答案】A上一页上一页9make sense讲得通；有意义讲得通；有意义 What you say does not make sense to me.你说的话我不明白。No matter how you read it, this sentence doesnt make sense.无论你怎么读，这个句子都讲不通。 上一页上一页make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没道理；没意义There is no sense in doing sth. 做没道理in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense 决不是；决非 上一页上一页学以致用(单项填空)Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the programme?_， does it？ (2010安徽高考)AIt takes no time BIt counts for nothingCIt doesnt hurt to ask DIt doesnt make sense上一页上一页【解析】句意：你知道琳达是否愿意负责这个项目吗？问一下也无妨，不是吗？It doesnt hurt to ask“又不是不能问；问一下也无妨”；It counts for nothing“这不算什么”；It doesnt make sense“没有意义；讲不通”； It takes no time“这不花时间”。根据语境可知答案选C。【答案】C上一页上一页10So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak each time. 每次爆发每次爆发(霍乱霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。every time意为“每当”，引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，each time。Every time I went to see her, she was reading books.每次我去看她，她都在看书。Every time I see the old photo, I will think of my deskmate in the primary school.每次看到这张老照片，我都会想起小学时的同桌。 上一页上一页(1)作连词用，引导时间状语从句的名词词组有：every time, each time, any time, the last time, next time, the first time, the moment, the instant, the second, the minute, the hour, the day等。I have to go to Dallas the moment the meeting finishes.会议一结束，我就得去达拉斯。(2)有些副词，如directly, instantly, immediately等也可引导状语从句。The machine will start instantly the button is pressed.一按电钮，机器就立即运转起来。上一页上一页(3)关联从属连词no sooner.than，hardly/scarcely/barely.when等也能引导时间状语从句。如果no sooner, hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首，就要用倒装语序。No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.他刚到达就又让他离开。 上一页上一页学以致用(单项填空)_I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. (2011阜新高三期中考试)AEvery time BThoughCEven DWhere上一页上一页【解析】句意：每次感冒，我都背疼。every time“每一次”，引导时间状语从句，故选A。even不引导从句；though和where分别引导让步和地点状语从句。 【答案】A上一页上一页同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全