GrammarThe Passive ing-form(V-ing 形式的被动式形式的被动式)V-ing形式的各种时态和语态形式的各种时态和语态:时态时态一般式一般式完成式完成式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态doinghaving donebeing done having been done1. 动名词的被动式：动名词的被动式：1)动名词的被动式有两种动名词的被动式有两种: being + 过去分词；过去分词； having been + 过去分词。过去分词。例如：例如：a) 每个人都喜欢得到赞美。每个人都喜欢得到赞美。 Everybody likes _.b) 我记得曾经听过这故事。我记得曾经听过这故事。 I remember _ the story.2) 在在need/want/require(需要需要)和和 be worth (值得值得) 等词后面等词后面, 动名词的主动形式表示被动动名词的主动形式表示被动 意义。意义。例如：例如：a) 这件事需要调查。这件事需要调查。1) The matter requires _. = The matter requires to be looked into.being praisedhaving been toldlooking intob) 这本书值得一读。这本书值得一读。 The book _. = The book is worthy of being read.2. 现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式1)现在分词的被动式也有两种现在分词的被动式也有两种: being + 过去分词过去分词 (强调事情正在发生强调事情正在发生)； having + been + 过去分词过去分词 (强调事情已经强调事情已经 发生发生, 不作定语不作定语)。例如：例如：a) 她正接受提问她正接受提问, 感到有点儿紧张。感到有点儿紧张。 _to answer the question, she felt a little nervous.is worth readingBeing askedb) 这么好的机会给了你这么好的机会给了你, 你怎么能一点也不珍惜你怎么能一点也不珍惜 呢？呢？ _ such a good chance, how could you not value it at all?2) 作定语时作定语时, “being +过去分词过去分词”表示正在表示正在 进行的动作进行的动作; done表示过去或已经完成表示过去或已经完成 的动作的动作; to be done表示将要发生的动作。表示将要发生的动作。如：如：a) 正在建造的房屋正在建造的房屋, 完工后将用作我们的图书馆。完工后将用作我们的图书馆。 The house _ will be our library upon its completion.Having been givenbeing builtb) 所使用的教材都是时新的。所使用的教材都是时新的。 The textbooks _ are all up-to-date.c) 你打算参加下月召开的会议吗？你打算参加下月召开的会议吗？ Are you going to attend the meeting _ next month?usedto be held现在修建的发电站将是埃及最大的发电站现在修建的发电站将是埃及最大的发电站之一。之一。The power station being built now will be one of the largest in Egypt.她坚持被派给最苦她坚持被派给最苦的工作的工作. She insisted on being given the hardest task.1）being done表示的被动动作表示的被动动作正在进行正在进行或与谓语动词或与谓语动词的动作的动作同时同时发生发生, 或表示或表示一般情况一般情况。温馨提示：温馨提示：2）Having been done表示的被动动作发生在谓语动词表示的被动动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作表示的动作之前之前。被被邀请后邀请后, 李先生去参加了会议。李先生去参加了会议。Having been invited, Mr Li went to attend the meeting.我很我很感激两年前被给予了去国外学习的机会。感激两年前被给予了去国外学习的机会。I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.V-ing的的被动式在句中可以作被动式在句中可以作:1)主语主语Being laughed at in public is a terrible experience.被鲨鱼咬死是一件很普通的事情。被鲨鱼咬死是一件很普通的事情。Being killed by sharks was a common thing. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to oness skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposedC2)宾语宾语I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.Do you remember having been taken to Beijing at the age of ten?The little girl was eventually aware of being abandoned by her parents in the mountainous village.若不被邀请，他是不会来的。若不被邀请，他是不会来的。 (without)He wouldnt come without being invited.下面短语中的下面短语中的 to 是介词是介词, 后面只能跟名词或后面只能跟名词或V-ing：devote to (投入投入), get down to (着手干着手干)，lead to (通向通向,导致导致), object to (反对反对), pay attention to (注意注意), look forward to (盼望盼望), be used to (习惯于习惯于)，stick to (坚持坚持), preferto等。等。No one can prevent the plan _. A. from carrying out B. to be carried out C. being carried out D. to carry outThe bird was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. being caught C. to be caught D. to catchC B admit (承认承认), appreciate, avoid, cant help (禁不住禁不住)， stand(忍受忍受), consider (考虑考虑,打算打算), enjoy, escape (躲避躲避), excuse, finish, give up, imagine, insist on, mind, miss (错过错过), practise, put off, risk, set about, suggest (建议建议)等后接等后接v-ing。He has always insisted on his _ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner. A. been called B. being called C. having called D. calledB While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded3) 宾语补足语宾语补足语I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom. The well was found _ when we got there. A. digging B. to be dug C. to dig D. being dugC D I noticed that some people were taken to the police station.I noticed some people being taken to the police station.4) 定语定语The meeting being held now is very important.但但 having been done 不能作不能作定语。定语。正在被建在公园旁边的宾馆是由一群年轻人建的。正在被建在公园旁边的宾馆是由一群年轻人建的。The hotel being built now beside the park was designed by a group of young men. Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 5) 状语状语Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invitedA 1.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. being prepared B. preparing C. having been prepared D. prepared2. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Being suffered C. To suffer D. SufferedBAExercises 3. She is shy. She is not used to _ in front of others. A. praise B. praising C. being praised D. be praised4. _ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience. A. Having caught B. Being caught C. aught D. Having been caughtC B 5.The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused6. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questionedD C 7. With the development of science, more new technology _ to the field of IT. A. has introduced B. is being introduced C. is introduced D. was introduced8.Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invitedB D 9. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending D 10. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be leftC 11. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waitedB 12. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been told D. Telling A 13. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it. A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being builtD 14. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching B 高考链接高考链接1. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone. (2008江西卷江西卷) A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promotedB 2. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (2008陕西卷陕西卷)A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To showC 3. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. (07全国卷全国卷II)A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and closeC 4. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (2004春季北京春季北京) A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting解析解析: 答案答案 D。现在分词现在分词putting作宾语补足语作宾语补足语, 表示主动。表示主动。catch sb. doing表示表示“当场抓住当场抓住(撞见撞见)某人在做某事某人在做某事”。D解析解析: 答案为答案为C。for是介词是介词, 后接动名词作宾语。后接动名词作宾语。动名词的否定形式在前面加动名词的否定形式在前面加not。物主代词物主代词his与动名词的否定形式构成动名词的复合结构。与动名词的否定形式构成动名词的复合结构。5. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004春季上海春季上海) A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not ableC6. The discovery of new evidence led to _. (2003上海上海)A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thiefs being caught D. the thief to be caught解析解析: : 答案答案C。lead to “导致、引起导致、引起”, to 是介词，是介词，后接动名词作宾语。从题意看后接动名词作宾语。从题意看, 是是“小偷被抓住小偷被抓住”,故用动名词的被动式故用动名词的被动式 being caught; 因作宾语因作宾语,故动名词的逻辑主语可用名词普通格故动名词的逻辑主语可用名词普通格 the thief 改名词所有格改名词所有格 the thiefs。由于发现了新的证据。由于发现了新的证据因而抓住了小偷。因而抓住了小偷。C7. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (2002上海上海)A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposed D. After being exposed解析解析: 答案答案C。在这个句子中。在这个句子中, will do是谓语，是谓语，要用动名词作主语。要用动名词作主语。expose 与与 ones skin是动宾关系是动宾关系, 要用动名词的被动式要用动名词的被动式 being exposed作主语。作主语。C8.Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars _ as a carpenter before.A.to work B. to be workingC. to have worked D. to have been working9. _ as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.A.To accept B. Having acceptedC. To be accepted D. AcceptingCC10. _ the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly.A.To ensure B. EnsuringC. Having ensured D. To have ensuredA11. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ clear warning before firing any shots.A.to issue B. being issuedC. to have issued D. to be issuedA