OF AVARICE 论贪婪The author Abraham Cowley 亚伯拉罕考利 Abraham Cowley Abraham Cowleyeibr,hm kauli , British, was born in 1618 and died in 1667. He is a writer, poet and essayist. 亚伯拉罕考利，英国人，1618年出生，1667年去世，作家，诗人和散文家。 Abraham Cowley He created an irregular versev:s, in“ Pindarique Odes”, 1656, which has been used by a lot of poets later. Cowleys most outstanding works are prose. He is a transitional figure between the metaphysical,metfizikl sent and the eighteenth-century neo-classical. 在1656年的品达颂中，他创造了一种不规则的诗节，为后来的很多诗人采用。考利的作品以散文最为优秀。他是当时形而上学派和十八世纪新古典主义之间的过渡性人物。Abraham Cowley Cowley was born in London. His father was a grocer. And he was born when his father had already died. He nurtured by his mother in his childhood, which made him to love Spencers Faeriefeiri Queen to fondle admiringly. He studied at the University of Cambridge in 1636, during which time he published the poem love of the fans. 考利出生在伦敦，父亲是名杂货商，但是他在父亲死后才出生，幼年受母亲熏陶，对斯宾塞的仙后爱不释手。1636年就读于剑桥大学，并在读书期间发表诗作爱情之迷。 Abraham Cowley He left Cambridge when the Puritan Revolution began. He was with the queen and joined the University of Oxford and the royalist party during the civil war in Paris. In 1654, he returned to England due to a diplomatic mission. And he suffered a seizure once. In the period of Puritan regimereii:m,ridi:m政权、政体, he spent most of his time living in Paris. After the restoration, he retired from political life, and made a living by his own manor estate. 清教徒革命开始时离开。内战中曾随女王避地巴黎，先后加入牛津大学和巴黎的保皇党派。1654年，因执行外交任务返回英格兰，一度遭到扣押。在清教政权统治期间，他大部分时间都生活在巴黎。其政权复辟后，他退出政治，靠自己的庄园产业生活。Abraham Cowley There is much fantasy and metaphor in his poems and essays. His poetic style was influenced by John Donne. And he is the rd Runner of Metaphysics. He went back to rural for break in his later years, from when he began to write essays. The tone of the essay is pure and natural, which is quite different from his poetry. The great writer Johnson wrote the biography for him. 他的诗作好用幻想和曲喻，诗风受约翰多恩的影响，为玄学派的殿军。晚年息影田园，始作随笔，笔调清纯自然，与他的诗歌大异其趣。大文豪约翰逊为其立传。Abraham Cowley Representative works 花开（Poetical Blossoms）（1633年） 爱情之谜（The secret of love）（1638年） 爱人（The Mistress）（1647年） 大卫记（Davideis）（1656年） 品达罗斯体颂歌（RossodePindar） OF AVARICEOF AVARICE There are two sorts of avarice; the one is but of a bastardb:std, bs-私生的 kind; and that is, the rapacious appetite of gain, not for its own sake, but for the pleasure of refunding it immediately through all the channels of pride and luxury. The other is the true kind, and properly so called; which is a restless and insatiable desire of riches, not for any further end of use, but only to hoard, and preserve, and perpetually increase them. 世上有两种贪婪：一种仅仅是貌似的贪婪，那是一种贪得无厌地获取的欲望；倒不是为了自身的缘故，而是为了可以享受一种通过各种方式来显示骄傲与奢侈的一次性归还的乐趣。另一种则是实实在在、名副其实的贪婪；这才是一种永无安宁、永不知足的追求财富的欲望，根本不是出于任何进一步的目的或是为了功利，而只是为了积聚、贮藏和无休无止地增加财富。 The seven deadly sins 七宗罪OF AVARICE The covetouskvits贪婪的 man of the first kind is like a greedy ostrich, which devours any metal, but it is with an intent to feed upon it, and in effect it makes a shift to digest and excern it. The second is like the foolish chough, which loves to steal money only to hide it. OF AVARICE The first does much harm to mankind, and a little good too, to some few. The second does good to none; no, not to himself. The first can make no excuse to God, or angels, or rational men for his actions. The second can give no reason or color, not to the devil himself, for what he does: he is a slave to Mammon without wages. The first makes a shift to be beloved; aye, and envied, too, by some people. The second is the universal object of hatred and contempt. 前者对为类危害甚大，然而对少数人也会有些好处；而后者则对任何人都一无好处，包括对他自己。前者无法为自己的行为向上帝或天使或明白事理的人寻找借口；而后者对于自己的所作所为无法向魔鬼说明原委或是加以粉饰：他成了财神玛门的奴隶，一个得不到酬报的奴隶。前者想方设法使自己让人爱戴，甚至让人嫉妒；后者则是人们普遍仇恨和蔑视的对象。OF AVARICE There is no vice has been so pelted with good sentences, and especially by the poets, who have pursued it with stories and fables, and allegories and allusions; and moved, as we say, every stone to fling at it, among all which, I do not remember a more fine and gentlemen-like correction than that which was given it by one line of Ovids. 没有一种恶行像它那样受到优美的文字的攻击，尤其是受到诗人的攻击，他们用故事、寓言、讽喻、典故来追击 它；而且像我们所说的那样，唤起每一块石头向它掷击：在所有这些文字中，我不记得有哪一句比奥维德的一行诗句更精致，更文质彬彬：OF AVARICE Desunt luxuriae malta, avaritiae omnia. Much is wanting to luxury; all to avarice To which saying I have a mind to add one member and render it thus:- Poverty wants some, luxury many, avarice all things. 奢侈匮乏许多，贪婪匮乏一切。 对于这条警句，我想再加上一句，表之如下： 贫穷略有匮乏，奢侈多有匮乏，贪婪完全匮乏。OF AVARICE Somebody says of a virtuous and wise man, that having nothing, he has all. This is just his antipode, who, having all things, yet has nothing. He is a guardian eunuch ju:nk太监太监to his beloved gold: Audivi eos amatores esse maximos sed nil potesse. They are the fondest lovers, but impotent to enjoy. 有人说起一个善良而聪明的人，“虽然一无所有，但却拥有一切；”与之相反的是，拥有一切的人，却一无所有。他是一个阉人，看守着他所喜爱的金钱：“audivi eos amatores esse maxinmos, sed nil potesse.”他们是深情的恋人，却失去寻欢的能力。OF AVARICE And, oh, what mans condition can be worse Than his, whom plenty starves, and blessings curse? The beggars but a common fate deplore, The rich poor mans emphatically mftkl明显的明显的 poor. 啊，谁的境况会比他更糟， 丰盛使他饥饿，祝福成了咒诅； 乞丐悲叹的仅仅是共同的命运， 而富有的穷人却显得更加贫穷。OF AVARICE I wonder how it comes to pass that there has never been any law made against him. Against him, do I say? I mean for him, as there is a public provision prvin规定规定made for all other madmen. It is very reasonable that the king should appoint some persons (and I think the courtiers would not be against this proposition) to manage his estate during his life (for his heirs commonly need not that care), and out of it to make it their business to see that he should not want alimony limni 赡养费赡养费befitting his condition, which he could never get out of his own cruel fingers. 我觉得奇怪的是何至于如此？从严就没有制定出任何制裁的法律：我是说制裁他吗？我的意思应该是，支持他：因为对于所有其他 的疯子，我们已经制定出各种条文了：国王完全不必为此操心。我想大臣们是不会反对这个建议的。这些人将负责督办此事，使国王不至缺乏适合他地位的赡养费， 而这笔赡养费他是永远不可能从自己吝啬的手中获得的。OF AVARICE We relieve idle aidl 空闲的空闲的 vagrants and counterfeit kantft beggars, but have no care at all of these really poor men, who are, methinks, to be respectfully treated in regard of their quality. I might be endless against them, but I am almost choked with the superabundance of the matter. Too much plenty impoverishes me as it does them. 我们周济不务正业的流浪汉和佯装的乞丐；但对那些真正的穷人却毫不关心，对于那些真正的穷人，我倒认 为我们应该根据其品质尊重地对待他们。我也许会不断地反对他们，但我几乎被过于丰富的物质哽住了；许多的充足反而使我一贫如洗，正如它之于他们一样。