主讲主讲: :李欣欣李欣欣 LeeLee英语听说训练英语听说训练GreetingMakingatelephoneFamilyandHometown&DescribingapersonWeatherandSeason&ShoppingInvitation&EntertainmentViews(I,II)基础篇观点篇话题篇Time-ConsciousAmericansEnvironmentalProtectionThroughouttheWorldMarriageAcrosstheNationsStudyingAbroadWeepingforMySmokingDaughter影片欣赏Beactive!Beconfident!Bepassionate!Dontbeafraidofmakingmistakes!Practicemakesperfect.The door to all the best things in the world willopentome,andIknowthekeytothatdoorisinmy hand. I must do my part, I must faithfullyfollowtheplanImakeandtaketheactionsIplan,Imustneverquit,Imustneverfear!Imustdoit!Icandoit!Iwilldoit!Iwillsucceed!这这个个世世界界上上一一切切美美好好的的事事物物都都向向会会向向我我敞敞开开大大门门，我我知知道道打打开开这这扇扇大大门门的的钥钥匙匙就就握握在在我我的的手手中中。我我必必须须付付出出劳劳动动，我我必必须须忠忠实实遵遵守守我我的的计计划划，我我必必须须不不停停地地采采取取行行动动，我我绝绝不不能能放放弃弃，更更不不能能胆胆怯怯！我我知知道道我我一一定定要要做做到到！我我一一定定能能做到！我一定会做到！我一定会成功！做到！我一定会做到！我一定会成功！英音与美音的区别英音与美音的区别1 r 音是最具区别性特征的美语音标之一。 当r出现在词中与其它单元音与其它单元音组合在一起时组合在一起时，美语中的 r 便成了个典型的卷舌音，如 bIRd, teachER 等。在美语单词的音标标注当中，这个需要卷舌的 r 是以上标的形式出现的。这个 r 音虽然很好听，但不能不加辨别地瞎发，一遇到 就加 r 音，如下几个单词是不可以卷舌发的， idea di ； money m n ; China n ; banana bn n 。 2 咧嘴的梅花与卷舌的长音r：美语里不存在:音。我们可以参照国际音标简洁地归纳出美语的音运用规则：英语中原本发音的，在美语里同样发音；英语中的:音在美语里分别由与r两种形式来对应。但凡英语音标为:且单词中对应的是ar组合（如car），那么美语中的对应音标为r，在发音时要注意在收尾时发出r音，如Carka:kr。而对于英语中发:但词中无字母R的单词（如pass），美语中则一律发成音,如Pass pa:sps。在这一点上英美语最有意思的分歧是CANT这个词，音标分别是ca:ntcnt。3 a 音。从英美音标对照表中我们能够注意到，美语摒弃了长元音符号 : 。长元音 : 在美语里由 与之对应，而短元音 与长元音 : 则统统由 一个音标与之对应。如 lot l t l t , 在发美音 时，你只要比英音的 口型再大些，时间上拉长一些，接近于或等于英音 : 的口型就行了。这一段讲得比较复杂，做个小结吧： : 与 或 r 对应； 与 对应。美语用 来代替国际音标中的 音是美语中第三个最显著的区别性特征。 4 开放的 音。英美语在 音上的音标书写方法是一致的，然而在实际的发法上，美语的 音较英语的 音口型要放得开一些。如 stuDY ，英音口收得特别紧，听起来如“地”字。而美音呢则开放些，听起来介于 与 e 之间。 5形存实亡的 音。同 音一样，英美语的 音标虽然拼写一致，但实际的运用却也是不尽相同的。美语里倾向于把英音中的 音多半发成 音，如 hurry, h rr hrr 。6憨厚的u音。美语用u来对应英语的长元音u:，短元音在英美语中则都是一样的。问题在于，英音中有一个j与u的组合，即ju:音，如newnju:。我们已经注意到，英美语辅音拼写只存在两个差异，一个是-g，一个是j-y。然而英语里发ju:的，到了美语里并非单由yu来对应，而是分成了两种情况：第一种情况是ju:-yu，通常这些单词中都含有字母Y，如Youju:yu，当然这不是必然条件，如字母Qkyu；第二种情况是ju:-u，典型的如newnju:nu。 7 清音浊化问题。 英语里有一条清辅音浊化规则，亦即当清辅音如 ktptr 等位于字母 S 之后，且该音节为重读音节时，这些清辅音当浊化为 gdbdr 等。而美语里的清音浊化问题则远远超出了上述规定。美语中的另一条常见的清音浊化潜规则：当一个清辅音位于两个元音之间时，该清辅音通常浊化为相应的浊辅音。如 letter let l tr ，美语的实际发音为 l dr 。值得一提的是，浊化并不是说 t 完全变成了 d 音，而是说这个 t 音发得很接近于 d 但又不象 d 发得那样重。8 美音的简化处理。美语充分利用连读爆破规则，能省则省：这得提一下美语里很特别的那个 h 音，该音在美语里发得很弱很弱，弱到了可以省略的地步，以致于形成了一系列的听音难点。如 Tell him ， Tell her ， 在美语里便可以发成 t l m t lr 。在美语，尤其是美语口语中，还存在着一种让人发晕的省音现象，亦即将多个单词利用连读爆破拼合在一起发出，细分的话这又要分成好几部分，这里只挑重点的说好啦：将 to, of, have, me, you 等虚词与其它词合并到一起，如 gotta （ got to ）， gonna (going to) ， kinda (kind of) ， musta (must have) ， gimme (give me) ， waddya (What do you) ， I dunno (I dont know) 。Lecture1Greeting1.Hi./Hello.2.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening3.Howdoyoudo?4.Howareyou/yougettingalong/youdoing/youkeeping?5.Howarethings(going)withyou?6.Howseverything(going)withyou?/Howsitgoing?7.Nice/Glad/Pleasedtomeetyou.8.Ihaventseenyouforages/weeks/months/suchalongtime.9.Howhaveyoubeen?10.Whatsnew/up?Daily Greeting ExpressionsSuggested Responses 1.Hi./Hello.2.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening3.Howdoyoudo?4.Fine,thanks.Andyou?/Verywell./Terrible.Ivecaughtacold.5.Prettygood./OK,Iguess.6.Everythingisallright./OK./Nottoobad./Great.7.Nice/Glad/Pleasedtomeetyoutoo.8.Itreallyhasbeenalongtime.9.Quitewell,thanks./Justso-so.10.Wonderful.Thingscouldntbebetter.11.Nothingmuch.Whatsnewwithyou?/Nothingmuchtotellyou.5:A:Idontbelievewevemetbefore.MynameisPhilip,areaSalesManagerofYOYOToyCompany.Nicetoseeyou.B:Quick Response1.A:Hi,Betty!Howareyoudoing?2.B:2.A:Idontthinkwevemetbefore.ImDonald,Susansbrother.3.B:3.A:Dad,thisismyEnglishteacher,MissKent.ShecomesfromAustralia.4.B:4:A:Hello,Jenny.HaveyoumetmycousinJohn?B:10.A:Hi,ladies!MayIhavethehonortointroduceMr.South,theheadofourdepartment.B:6.A:Goodevening,Mr.Stanton.Allowmetointroducemyself.ImGaoJie,thenewteacher.B:7.A:Excuseme.ImAmeliaRobertsatEasyflyTravelAgency.AreyouMr.NelsonfromChicago?B:8.A:Hi,Diana.ComeandmeetyournewsupervisorMr.AndrewLee.B:9.A:Say,dontIknowyoufromsomewhere?ImJoeMitchellattheNationalBank.10.B:1.Whereareyoufrom?Whereabouts?2.Howaboutyourself?3.Whatbringsyouhere?4.Imonvacationwithmyfamily.Andyourself?5.Doyoulikeithere?6.Ithinkitsgreat.Whataboutyou?7.Areyouenjoyingyourtimehere?8.Iloveit.Imhavingafantastictime.1.Mynameis2.Pleaseallowmeto/letmeintroducemyself.Mynameis3.Howdoyoudo?Mynameis4.Idontthinkwevemetbefore.Im5.Hi,ImLindaSmith.CallmeLinda,willyou?Introducing yourself1.Doyouknow/eachother/him/her?2.Mary,thisis3.Idlikeyoutomeet4.Haveyoumetbefore?1.Howdoyoudo?2.Itsapleasuretomeetyou.3.Imverygladtomeetyou.4.Iveheardsomuchaboutyou.Introducing other peopleExpressions for responding:Example1:Situation:introducingherhusbandtoherfriend.W:Hello,Mr.Li.Howareyou?M1:Fine,thankyou.Andyou?W:Imfinetoo.Idlikeyoutomeetmyhusband,LiJieM1:Nicetomeetyou,Mr.Li.M2:Nicetomeetyoutoo.Example2:Situation:JackyintroduceshisneighbortoWang.Jacky:Hello,Wang.DoyouknowMaryLin?Sheismynewneighbor.Wang:Hello,Ms.Lin.ImWangFengfromChina.Jacky:WangFengismyschoolmate.Lin:Nicetomeetyou,Wang.CallmeMary,please.Wang:Ok,Mary,whereareyoufrom?DialogueDialogue Example3:Situation:ReceivingclientsattheairportsA:Goodmorning,Ms.Brown.J:Goodmorning,Alex.A:Ms.Brown,thisisMr.Blake,thenewSalesManager.T:Ms.Brown,itsapleasuretomeetyou.J:Oh,hello,Mr.Blake.Ivebeenlookingforwardtomeetingyou.Howaboutthejourney?Youarrivedhereyesterdayevening,didntyou?T:Nottoobad.Butmyflightwasdelayedthreehoursbecauseoftheheavyfog,andIdidntgettothehoteltillmidnight.J:Oh,Imsorrytohearthat.Howterrible!Ihopethehotelisnottoobad.T:Itswonderful.WhenIwokeupinthemorning,IthoughtIwasstillinmyhome.Activity Situational DialoguesYouaretheareasalesrepresentativeofM&MCompany.YougotoattendareceptionpartyheldbytheChamberofCommerce.Introduceyourselftothereceptionistandaskhertopickupseveraldistinguishedguestsforyou.Thereceptionistintroducesaguestforyou.Makeadialogue.The door to all the best things in the world willopentome,andIknowthekeytothatdoorisinmy hand. I must do my part, I must faithfullyfollowtheplanImakeandtaketheactionsIplan,Imustneverquit,Imustneverfear!Imustdoit!Icandoit!Iwilldoit!Iwillsucceed!1Lovelyweather,isntit?2MayIintroduceyoutomyfriendJohn?3HaveyoubeentoCanadabefore?4Howseverythingwithyou?5Howdoyoulikeithere?6Howdoyoudo?7DoesntLindalookgorgeoustonight?8Whatalovelydressyouvegoton!a)Nicetoseeyou.b)No,actuallyitismyfirsttimeoverhere.c)Howdoyoudo?d)Oh,itisabsolutelymarveloushere.e)Doesntshealways?f)Yes,isntit,notacloudinthesky.g)Thankyou,Imgladyoulikeit.h)Cantcomplain,everythingisgoingverysmoothlyindeed!Lake of autumnI remember quite clearly now when the story happened.The autumn leaves were floating in measure down to the ground,Recovering the lake, where we used to swim like children,Under the sun was there to shine.That time we used to be happy. Well, I thought we were.But the truth was that you had been longing to leave me, not daring to tell me.On that precious night, watching the lake, vaguely conscious, you said: Our story is ending.The rain was killing the last days of summer,You had been killing my last breath of love since a long time ago.I still dont think Im gonna make it through another love story.You took it all away from me.And there I stand; I knew I was going to be the one left behind.But still Im watching the lake, vaguely conscious, and I know my life is ending.Lecture2MakingatelephoneWarming UpAre you familiar with the following sentences?1.Youarewantedonthephone.2.Nicetalkingtoyou.3.Areyoustillthere?4.Holdon,please.5.Ithinkyoumusthavedialedthewrongnumber.6.IlltransferthecalltoMr.Wang.7.SorryIcouldntfollowyou.8.Thelineisbusy.Lead-inMakingaphonecallisntalwayseasy,especiallyifyoudontknowthepersonontheotherendofthelineverywell.ThisunitwillshowyouhowtomakeaphoneinbusinessEnglish.Situational dialoguesDialogue1A:Hello.MayIspeaktoMissMary,please?B:Imsorry.MissMaryisnotinforthemoment.Imhersecretary.Whoscalling,please?A:ZhaofromChinaSilkCorporation.B:Wouldyouliketoleaveamessage,Mr.Zhao?A:Yes,please.CouldyoutellherthatZhaoYuphoned.Idliketoseehertomorrowmorning.B:Imafraidshellbefullyengagedthen,buthowabouttomorrowafternoon?Doesthatsuityou?A:Yes.Thatsuitsmeverywell.Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.Goodbye.B:Yourewelcome.Dialogue2James:HelloThisisJohnsonsCompany.MayIhelpyou？AMan:Idliketospeaktothemanagerplease.James:Holdtheline,please.Illseeifheisaround.Linda,Itsforthemanager.Doyouknowwhereheisnow？Linda:Ithinkhehasgoneoutandwontbebackforquiteawhile.James:Hello,Sir.Themanagerisntinatthemoment.CanItakeamessage？Theman:Oh！yes,please.JusttellhimIllexpecthiscallat10thisevening.Mynumberis4856659,Thanks.If you are not good at telephone English, the following sentences may be helpful.(1)Justamoment,please.(2)Holdtheline,please.IllgetanEnglishspeaker.(3)Holdon,please.Illgetsomeonetothephone.(4)Imsorry,IdontspeakEnglishwell.IllhaveanEnglishspeakercallyoubacklater.MayIhaveyournameandtelephonenumber?Opening remarks for a telephone(1)Goodmorning.ThisisChengtaiTradingCompany.MayIhelpyou?(2)Goodafternoon.ThisisDanAnCommercialBank.WhatcanIdoforyou?(3)PioneerElectronics.ThisisMaryWuspeaking.(4)Hello.OverseasSalesDepartment.TamingWangspeaking.(5)Hello.ThisistheWangresidence.(6)Goodafternoon.TamingWangspeaking.(7)WenkaiYangSpeaking.Situational Telephone EnglishIf you cant follow the caller, use the following sentences:(1)Couldyouputthatinmorespecificterms?(2)Imnotsurewhatyoumean.(3)Imsorry.Icouldntfollowyou.(4)Youretalkingtoofast.Icantkeepup.(5)Willyouexplainalittlebitmore?(6)Couldyouputthatmoresimply?(7)ImafraidIdidntunderstandthat.Couldyousaythatagain,please?(8)Excuseme,butIdidnthearthat,wouldyoumindrepeatingit,please?(9)Sorry,butIdidntcatchthat,wouldyoumindspellingit,please?To make sure who the caller is:(1)Whosspeaking,please?(2)MayIhaveyourname,please?(3)Whoisthatcalling?To end a call:(1)Thankyouforcalling.(2)Itwaskindofyoutocallme.(3)Nicetalkingtoyou.(4)Callmeagainanytime.(5)Thanksforreturningmycall,good-bye.(6)Letskeepintouch,good-bye.Practice 1 Talking on the phone Workwithapartner.UseEnglishtomakethefollowingtelephonedialogueexpressedinChinese.A:(1)喂，你好。B:(2)你好。请问约翰在家吗？A:(3)请稍等我看一下，(4)他刚出去。(5)请问你有什么事么？B:(6)我是玛丽。(7)你能让他回来后给我回电话么？A:好的，(8)他有你的电话号码么？B:好象没有。A:请等一下，(9)我去拿支笔。(10)请说。B:5-6-4-7-3-4-8A:5-6-4-7-3-4-8，玛丽，是吗？B:是的，谢谢。A:不客气，再见。Infact,therearedifferentexpressionsthatcanbeusedinthesamesituationbyareceiverandacaller.Justseethefollowing:（1）喂，你好Hello!Tomsspeaking.Hello.Tom.Hello.Mr.Blacksoffice.Goodmorning.Mr.Blacksoffice.（2）你好，请问约翰在家吗？Hello.(May/Could/Can)IspeaktoJohn?Hello.IdliketospeaktoJohn,please?Hello.ImlookingforJohn.Hello.IsJohnhere?Hello.IsJohnin?Goodmorning,IdliketospeaktoJohn,please.（3）请稍等，我看一下。Holdon,please.Illseeifhesin.Justaminute/second/moment,Illgethim.Holdtheline,please.Donthangup,please.（4）他刚出去。Heis(out/notin)atthemoment.Hesnotaroundatthemoment.（5）请问你有什么事？（你要留个电话吗？）Wouldyouliketoleaveamessage?MayItakeamessage?Anymessagesforhim?（6）我是玛丽ThisisMary(speaking).Maryhere.Maryspeaking.（7）你能让他回来后给我打个电话吗？Couldyoutellhimtoringmeupwhenhesback?WouldyouaskJohntocallmebackwhenhereturns?Pleasehavehimreturnmycall.Tellhimtogivemeacall,please.（8）他有你的电话号码吗？Doeshehaveyourtelephonenumber?（9）我拿支笔。Illgetapen.Letmegetapen.（10）请说。OK,please./Goahead.Practice2Makedialoguesinpairsaccordingtothefollowingsituations.Situation1MissCartertelephonestospeaktothemanager.Thesecretaryanswersthephoneandtriestogetherthrough.Butthemanagerslineisbusy.SheasksMissCartertocallbackafewminuteslater.Situations2YouareMr.Jonesassistant.Youreceiveacall,butheisoutforthedayvisitingabranchcompany.AskforthecallersnameandphonenumberandoffertoaskMr.Jonestocallbacklater.Situation3YoureceiveacallfromA,afriendworkinginthesamecorporationasyou,butinadifferentdepartment.Heaskstoforashortchatovercoffeetomorrow.Youdliketokeeptheappointment.Practice3PresentationWhatismoreimportantwhenansweringaforeignersphone:FluentEnglishPhoneEtiquetteReceiversconfidenceIthinkthreethingsareimportantwhenansweringaforeignersphone.ThefirstpointtoconsiderisfluentEnglish.WithfluentEnglish,thereceivercancommunicatewiththeforeignereasilyandeffectively.Phoneetiquetteisalsoveryimportant,ifthereceivercantshowcorrectphoneetiquettes,thecallermayfeelannoyedandfinishthecall.Thelastpointtopayattentiontoisthereceiversconfidence,confidentreceivercanalwaysmakedialoguescompleteandwontmissimportantinformation.PracticeI.Howdoyouintroduceyourselfto:1.Agirlataparty.2.Aboysittingnexttoyoubeforealecturebegins.3.Ateacherinhis/heroffice.II.Howdoyouintroduceyourclassmatetoyourparents?III.Howdoyouintroduceyourbosstoyournewcolleague?IV.Howwouldyougreet:1.Aclassmate2.Aprofessor3.AnoldfriendyoucomeacrossinthestreetV.Howwouldyourespondtothefollowinggreetings?Goodmorning!Howareyougettingalongattheuniversity?Howsyourfamily?Beautifulday,isntit?Nicetomeetyou.SummaryHerearesomeusefulexpressionsyoucanuseinsuchsituations:Goodafternoon.MayIintroducemyself?MynamesAlexWhiteandImthenew.Howdoyoudo?ImChrisGrey.Pleasedtomeetyou.Hello,ImPatBlack.IlljustletMr.Greenknowyouarehere.MsSmith,IdlikeyoutomeetMrs.Jones.Mrs.Jonesisfrom.Hello,Sandy,haveyoumetJoyceLee?Shesournew.Mr.Evans,haveyoumetMissLucas?ShesfromMorning,Eddie,doyouknowFrank,ournewYes,Ithinkwevemetbefore.Goodtoseeyouagain!Yes,wemetindidntwe?Nicetoseeyouagain!Thatsright.Helloagain.Howareyou?Yes,itwaslastsummer,Ithink.Howarethings?