定语从句关系词的特殊情况和用法关系代关系代词词that代替代替which的一些情况的一些情况which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用但在有些情况下，只用that。先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如：Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如：Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatIveeverseen.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。例如：Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.Wehaventgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。例如：Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.宜用宜用who,而不用而不用that的一些情况的一些情况先行词是one,ones,anyone时。例如：Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Donttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtnttoknowit.先行词是those时。例如：Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.用用whom,不用不用who的情况的情况在从句中作介在从句中作介词宾语词宾语的关系代的关系代词词，且关系代，且关系代词词直直接跟在介接跟在介词词后面后面时时，只用，只用whom,不用不用who.IcameacrossafewfriendswithwhomIwenttothepark.Weshouldntspendmoneytestingthosepeople,mostofwhomarehealthy.介介词词前提的前提的问题问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Haveyouseenthepen(which)Iwrotethenotewithjustnow?（which作介词with的宾语）HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?但是，要注意的是：介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和和which，而不再用，而不再用that或或who。介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。例如：错误：Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?正确：Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?或Whoistheoldman(that/whom)youweretalkingto?错误：Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.正确：Thesearethesheep(which/that)theboytookcareof.改错练习1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?加the3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.towhom4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.that5.Istillremembertheholidays?Istayedwiththem.when6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.that7.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.who8.Idontlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.inwhich9.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.that10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.改成that12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.why13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.thosewho14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.why15.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.which16.ThisisthewatchforwhichTomislookingfor.17.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.whom18.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall.which19.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.which20.IvereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.thatSoontheycametoafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.Soontheycametoafarmhouse.Asmallboysatinfrontof（thehouse）.状语？Soontheycametoafarmhouse,where/whichthereisasmallboysatinfrontof.Thisisthefactoryinwhich/wheremyfatherworks.1介词+which表时间、地点或原因，代替关系副词when、where、why：1）Istillrememberthedayonwhich（=when）IwenttoBeijing.2）Thefactoryinwhich（=where）Iworkisalargeone.3)Thisisthereasonforwhich(=why)hewaslateforschool.介词前置2.介词+which(指物),whom(指人),作分句中的目的、方式、地点状语等。这种结构中的介词一般为动词所支配。1）Couldyoutellmethemanforwhomyouhaveboughtthiscoat(for)?2)Hebuiltawindowthroughwhichhecouldlook(through)whatwentoninside.3)Theman,fromwhomIlearnedthenews(from),isanengineer.3.介词词组+关系代词(which指物,whom指人),表示存在关系。关系分句中须主谓倒置。1）Theyarrivedatafarmhouse，infrontofwhichsatanoldman.2）Isawawoman，ontheheadofwhomstoodabird.4.不定代词或数词+介词ofwhich(指物),whom(指人),说明整体中的部分关系.1)Chinahasmanyislands,oneofwhichisTaiwan.2)Thereareagreatmanystudentshere,noneofwhomlikethefilm.3)Hehasfivechildren,allofwhomarePartymembers.4)Thoseforeignteachers,mostofwhomhaveneverbeentoChinabefore,areenjoyingtheirworkhereverymuch.5)TherearemanykindsofbirdsinAustralia,andover140speciesofsnakes,manyofwhichareextremelydangerous.5.介词by+which(指物),whom(指人),在被动结构中表明动作的发出者.1）Thewolfbywhichthesheepwaskilledwasshot.2)Themanbywhomthewolfwasshotisagoodhunter.6.ofwhich代替whose，指物，用作分句中的后置定语。1）Isawsometrees，theleavesofwhich（=whoseleaves）wereblackwithdisease。2）Hementionedabook，thetitleofwhich（=whosetitle）Ihaveforgotten。7介词+which（指物），whose（指人），作前置定语，修饰后面的中心词。1）Itrainedallnightandallday,duringwhichtimetheshipbrokeintopieces。2）Thedriverwasthemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthemap。8介词+which+动词不定式。1）Shehadonly1.87dollarswithwhichtobuyJimapresent。2）Atlasttherewassomethingaboutwhichtowritehome。1Agoodadoftenuseswords_peopleattachpositivemeanings.AinwhichBtowhichCforwhichDonwhich2DrCurtisWelchdiscoveredthatsomechildrenhadaterribledisease_hehadnomedicine。AbywhichBonwhichCforwhichDtowhich313Inthenewcitytherewasntasingleperson_thepoorboycouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhomBCD4.Thisistheworker,_thebookwaswritten.A.whoB.whomC.ofwhomD.bywhom5.Thebook,thecover,_isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitB.foritC.inwhereD.ofwhich6.Iliketheway_hetalksandlaughs.A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.forwhich7ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity，_shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterthatB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterwhichDDCD8.Ihavemanyfriends,_somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom9.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyone_familywaspoor.A.ofwhomtheB.whomC.ofwhoseD.theDA解定语从句题的步骤定语从句练习（一）第一步先看先行词：是人？是物？单数复数？Q6，Q2，Q11,Q16，Q19，Q21第二步看先行词中是否有any,thefirst,thebest,all等词（用that）。是否有one,those这一类词（用who）。Q1，3，4，7，9，15，24第三步拆分句子，以辨别句子成分和找出介词Q5，10，12，13，14，16-20，22，23，25辨别句子成分：(Q10)TheplacewastheChildrensPalace.(主句）Theplaceinterestedmemost.(从句）“Theplace”在从句中做主语，所以用which/that第三步拆分句子，以辨别句子成分和找出介词Q5，10，12，13，14，16-20，22，23，25找出介词：Q22Haveyouseenthegirl?（主句）Itoldyou(of)thegirl.(从句）从句变成正常顺序后（原句”thegirlItoldyouof”为倒装），自然可以发现缺少介词。