定语从句的翻译定语从句的翻译一、前置法二、省略法三、重复法四、融合法五、定语状语转换法一、前置法1.Thefinewouldserveasawarningtoothermotoristswho drove without due care.罚款对于驾车不够小心的驾车不够小心的司机可以起到警告作用。2.Theeraofglobalizationhasbegunwithnewcommunicationandinformationtechnologies,andcapitalcouldflowfreelytothoseregions,industriesandcompaniesthat promise the best returns.随着通信和信息技术的发展，全球化时代已经到来，资本可以自由地流向有望获得最大收益的有望获得最大收益的地区、产业和公司。二、省略法3.OneofthefeaturesofLondonisthenumberofbigstores,most of which are to be found in or near the West End.伦敦的一大特色是大商店多，大多数位于西区及周大多数位于西区及周边地区边地区。4.Likethepressinmostothercountries,Americannewspapersrangefromthesensational,which feature crime, sex and gossip,totheserious,which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events.美国报纸和其他国家一样，既有耸人听闻的小报，报道犯罪、色情和小道消息，报道犯罪、色情和小道消息，也有严肃报刊也有严肃报刊，聚焦聚焦实事新闻，分析国际时事实事新闻，分析国际时事。5.Scientistshavebeendevotedtodevelopinghigh-yieldricevarietiesthat sparked the green revolution in the 1970s.科学家致力于开发高产水稻品种，从而引发了从而引发了20世世纪纪70年代的绿色革命年代的绿色革命。三、重复法6.Thehigh-techexplosionhascreatedanewgroupofworkersthat like challenge and treasure the independence and the diversity of work.高科技迅速发展，造就了一批新的员工，他们他们喜欢喜欢挑战，珍视独立和工作的多样性挑战，珍视独立和工作的多样性。7.CambridgeUniversityhasnurturedgreatscientists,thinkersandpoetssuchasNewton,Bacon,Milton,ByronandDarwin,who made outstanding contribution to the progress of mankind.剑桥大学培养出了牛顿、培根、弥尔顿、拜伦、达尔文这样伟大的科学家、思想家和诗人，他们他们为人类的为人类的进步做出了杰出的贡献进步做出了杰出的贡献。8.Notlongfromnow,theseeminglyendlessexpansionofcomputerpowerthat has propelled the digital revolution of the past two decades willstopunlessmajorbreakthroughstakeplace.电脑的能量似乎在无止境地扩大，推动了过去推动了过去20年的年的革命革命，然而在不久的将来，如果没有大的突破，这种这种扩大扩大将会终止。四、融合法9.Theideathat the family is the traditional unit of societyischallengedbyAmericanyouthwho are increasingly turning down marriage.家庭是社会的传统组成成分，而美国青年越来越拒绝婚姻，使这种观念受到了挑战。10.Applepieisafavoritesweet,andEnglishpuddings,ofwhichtherearevarioustypes,areanexcellentendingtoameal,especiallyinwinter.苹果馅饼是人们喜爱的甜点，而英国布丁品种多样，用作一餐的最后一道点心再好不过，尤其在冬天更是如此。11.Technologyiscreatingaglobaleconomythatissupplantingtheoldnationaleconomies.（1）由技术带来的经济全球化正在取代旧有的民族经济。（2）技术正在使经济日趋全球化，这种经济形式正在取代旧有的民族经济。12.Foundationsarebasedonthemoneythatwouldotherwisegotothegovernmentintaxes.基金会所依赖的资金本来会以税收的形式上缴政府。13.ThetrendofhomeworkingissurginginthefieldoffinancewheretradingcanbedoneviatheInternet.在金融界可以通过互联网进行交易，居家工作的潮流正在金融界兴起。14.Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityishigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.通常热带地区阳光强烈，而其他地区海水蒸发量不如热带地区那么大，因此这些地区海水咸度要高些。五、定语状语转换法15.Einstein,whoworkedoutthefamousTheoryofRelativity,wontheNobelPrizein1921.爱因斯坦由于创立了著名的相对论，于1921年获得了诺贝尔奖。16.TherewasnorespectevenforEinsteininHitlersGermany,whoonlywantedtothinkoftheproblemsbeyondtimeandspaceandpolitics.（1）爱因斯坦一心只想考虑超越时空和政治的问题，但是希特勒统治下的德国，就连他也得不到尊重。（2）希特勒统治下的德国，就连爱因斯坦也得不到尊重，因为他一心只想考虑超越时空和政治的问题。17.Thedangerofarecessioninworldtradethatcouldhitallcountriescannotbeignored,butitwouldbearmostheavilyontheweakestpartnersintheworldeconomy.因为经济衰退的危险可能冲击到所有的国家，所以不容忽视，但是受到冲击最大的将是世界经济中最为弱小的国家。主语的选择主语的选择一、英译汉中主语的选择（一）Therebe结构主语的选择1、Inthe1960stherewasachangeinfashioninfavorofsmallcars.(1)20世纪60年代出现了一个变化，人们崇尚小型汽车。(2)20世纪60年代，时尚起了变化，人们开始喜欢小汽车。(3)20世纪60年代，时尚起了变化，小汽车受到人们的青睐。2、Therearealotofpinetreesontheslopeofthehill.山坡上长着许多松树。3、Theresitsaflowerbedinthemiddleofthegarden.园子中央有一座花坛。4Therearefourtypesofsentencesintermsofstructure:simple,compound,complex,andcompound-complexsentences.按结构分，句子有四类：简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。5Thereareovertwentyprintingerrors.印刷错误有二十多处二十多处。6Theremaybeachancetowin.可能还有赢的机会。7Theresgoingtobeafineday.天要晴了。8Therecanneverbeanydiscussionastotheconsequencesofcorruption.无需讨论腐败的后果。9Therewasexpectedtobestrongdisagreementonthematter.对这件事的看法，估计有很大的分歧。10Thereisapersistentdemandonthepartofparentsforanattackonpornographicpublications.家长一直要求对色情出版物进行打击。11Thereisagrowingconcernoverthepopulationgrowth.人们对人口的迅速增长越来越关注。12Therewascheerineveryfaceandaspringineverystep.人人喜笑颜开，步履轻快。（二）倒装句主语的选择1、Thenbeganabitterwarbetweenthetwocountries.于是两国之间开始了恶战。2、Tothisclassbelongsthemostastonishingworkthattheauthoraccomplished.作者写就的那部惊世骇俗之作便是属于这一类。3、Sobrightwasthemoonthattheflowerswereasbrightasbyday.月色皎洁，照得花朵像白天一样鲜艳。4Inthemiddleoftherectangular-shapedcourtyardstoodthreemagnoliatrees,allinfullbloom.长方形的院子里长着三株盛开的白玉兰。5AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candles,turkeysandtoys.货品中有圣诞树、花卉、蜡烛、火鸡和玩具。6Justasnecessaryforusasknowledgearesocialexperiences.对我们来说，和知识同样必需的是社会经历。（三）英语中抽象概念作主语的翻译英语中抽象概念作主语的翻译7Theisolationoftheruralworldbecauseofdistanceandthelackoftransportfacilitiesiscompoundedbythelackoftheinformationmedia.农村因为地处偏僻，交通不便，与外界隔绝。而通讯工具的缺乏，使农村更为闭塞。8Improvedhousinghasalsocontributedtoasharpenedsenseofaesthetics.改善居室环境也有助于增强审美意识。9Hiswearinessandtheincreasingheatdeterminedhimtositdowninthefirstconvenientshade.他疲惫不堪，天气又越来越热，于是想就近找个阴凉的地方，坐下歇会儿。10Anawedhushfelluponthebystanders.旁观者吓得大气也不敢出。11AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.(1)从办公室窗口望去，他可以看见华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂的全景。(2)从他的办公室窗口望出去，华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂尽收眼底。12Thethickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.我走在厚厚的地毯上，声息全无。13Hisactionwaspromptedbythefearofbeingattacked.他这样做是因为害怕受到攻击。14.Hisrealinterestslieoutsideworkinhisloveofmusic.(1)他真正的兴趣在工作之外，在于他所钟爱的音乐。(2)他真正的兴趣是在工作之外，在于他对音乐得喜好。(3)他最喜欢在工作之余，尽情欣赏音乐。二、汉译英中主语的选择1、什么都不能束缚你。Youreboundbynothing.2、在美国，人人都能够买到枪。IntheUnitedStates,everyonecanbuyguns.IntheUnitedStates,gunsareavailabletoeveryone.3、你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。Youcanobtainthisinformationontheinternet.Thisinformationisavailableontheinternet.4、他突然想到了一个新主意。Hesuddenlythoughtoutanewidea.Suddenlyhehadanewidea.Anewideasuddenlyoccurredtohim.5、谁也不能以不懂法律来为自己辩解。Ignoranceofthelawexcusesnoman.（一）汉语单句1、我们我们对两国关系的顺利发展，特别是经济技术合作的不断扩大，感到满意感到满意。Wearegratifiedwiththesmoothdevelopmentofrelationsbetweentwocountriesandparticularlythesteadygrowthofoureconomicandtechnologicalcooperation.2、我们进行政治体制改革改革，要有利于要有利于维护国家统一、民族团结、社会稳定。Thepoliticalreformshouldbeconductedinsuchamannerastopromotenationalreunification,unityandsocialstability.3、当前，世界经济贸易形势总体趋好。(1)Atpresent,theoveralltrendintheworldseconomicandtradesituationisgettingbetter.(2)Atpresent,theworldseconomicandtradesituationisgenerallygettingbetter/turningforthebetter.4、一般来说，游览西湖及周围景点花上两天时间较为合适。(1)Generalspeaking,itisadvisableforatouristtohaveatwo-daytouroftheWestLakeandscenicspotsaroundit.(2)Generallyspeaking,atwo-daytourisidealfortheWestLakeandscenicspotsaroundit.5、游览北京、上海、西安，最好是在春、秋两季。(1)SpringandautumnaresupposedtobethebesttimestotourcitieslikeBeijing,ShanghaiandXian.(2)ThebesttimestotourcitieslikeBeijing,ShanghaiandXianaresupposedtobespringandautumn.(3)Beijing,ShanghaiandXianareattheirbestfortourisminspringandautumn.6、国有大中型企业建立现代企业制度的改革取得重重要进展要进展。(1)Significantadvancesweremadeintheestablishmentofamoderncorporatestructureinlargeandmedium-sizedState-ownedenterprises.(2)Chinahasmadesignificantadvancesintheestablishmentofamoderncorporatestructureinlargeandmedium-sizedState-ownedenterprises.7、素质教育继续推进。(1)Wecontinuedtodevelopeducationdesignedtoraisetheoverallqualityofstudents.(2)Continuedeffortsweremadetopromotequality-orientededucation.8、中国的扶贫开发解决了两亿多农村贫困人口的温饱问题温饱问题。Thankstotheeffortstoassistwiththedevelopmentofthepoorareas,the problemoffoodandclothingformorethan200millionruralpoorhasbeensolved.9、经过20多年不懈的艰苦奋斗，中国中国的扶贫开发取得了巨大成就。Thankstothearduousandunremittingeffortsinthepastmorethantwodecades,Chinahasmadetremendousachievementsinitsdrivetoassistwiththedevelopmentofthepoorareas.10、近年来，中国轻工业产品的出口有了长足的进步。(1)Inrecentyears,theexportofproductsinChinaslightindustrieshasseenconsiderablegrowth.(2)Inrecentyears,greatprogresshasbeenmadeintheexportofproductsinChinaslightindustries.11、一般加工工业生产能力过剩生产能力过剩的矛盾仍较突出。Over productionisstillaglaringprobleminordinaryprocessingindustries.12、在全球市场迅猛发展的今天，贸易投资贸易投资自由化和便利化自由化和便利化的重要性变得更加突出。Trade and investment liberalization and facilitationhastakenonincreasedimportanceatatimewhenrapidchangesarereshapingtheglobalmarketplace.13、上海商业将广泛应用计算机技术计算机技术，加快商业电子化步伐。The computer technologywillbewidelyusedintheShanghaiscommercialsectortoaccelerateitselectronicalization.（二）汉语偏正结构1、生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧文学作品就可以写悲剧。Tragediescanbewritteninliteraturesincethereistragedyinlife.2、这种担心看起来似乎没有根据，其实不然其实不然。Suchfearisnotasfar-fetchedasitmayseem.3、为协助你方尽早将我们的产品销入你们的市场，我们同意提前装货我们同意提前装货。Weagreetoadvanceourshipmenttoassistyouinintroducingourproductsintoyourmarketasearlyaspossible.4、留得青山在，不怕没柴烧不怕没柴烧。Therewillneverbeashortageoffirewoodaslongasgreenhillsremain.5、如果考虑到劳动力的因素，我国生产率的我国生产率的平均水平长期以来一直很低平均水平长期以来一直很低。Theaveragelevelofproductivityinourcountryhadlongbeenlowwhenthequalityofthelaborforcewasconsidered.6、人不犯我，我不犯人我不犯人。Wewontattackothersunlessweareattacked.7、那条路弯弯曲曲的，天气不好的时候，开开车可得小心。车可得小心。Drivecarefullyonthatroadinbadweatherasitsverywinding.8、双方都不肯妥协，谈判因而破裂谈判因而破裂。Negotiationsbrokedownbecauseneithersidewouldcompromise.（三）汉语多重复句1、后来，潘家败落，其子孙急于出售，一些商人得以低价购入。(1)WhenthePanswentintoadecline,theirdescendantswereeagertosellthegarden,somebusinessmenboughtitatalowprice.(2)Lateron,thePanswentintoadecline,andtheirdescendantswereeagertosellthegarden,sosomebusinessmenwereabletobuyitatalowprice.(3)WiththedeclineofthePans,theirdescendantswereeagertosellthegardensothatsomebusinessmenwereabletobuyitatalowprice.(4)Later,itwasboughtbysomebusinessmenatalowpricefromhisdesperatedescendentswhenthefamilywentintoadecline.2、由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使得农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。Theisolationoftheruralworld,duetodistanceandthelackoftransportationfacilities,isworsenedbytheinsufficiencyoftheinformationmedia.