orm 国际贸易术语解释通则 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】 Foreword By Rajat Gupta, ICC Chairman The global economy has given business broader access than ever before to markets all over the world. Goods are sold in more countries ， in large quantities, and in greater variety. But as the volume and complexity of global sales increase, so do possibilities for misunderstandings and costly disputes when sale contracts are not adequately drafted. The Incoterms rules, the ICC rules on the use of domestic and international trade terms, facilitate the conduct of global trade. Reference to an Incoterms 2010 rule in a sale contract clearly defines the parties respective obligations and reduces the risk of legal complications. Since the creation of the Incoterms rules by ICC in 1936, this globally accepted contractual standard has been regularly updated to keep pace with the development of international trade. The Incoterms 2010 rules take account of the continued spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communications in business transactions, heightened concern about security in the movement of goods and consolidates in transport practices. Incoterms2010 updates and consolidates the delivered rules, reducing the total number of rules from 13 to 11, and offers a simpler and clearer presentation of all the rules. Incoterms 2010 is also the first version of the Incoterms rules to make all references to buyers and sellers gender-neutral. The broad expertise of ICCs Commission on Commercial Law and Practice, whose membership is drawn from all parts of the world and all trade sectors, ensures that the Incoterms 2010 rules respond to business needs everywhere defines the parties respective obligations and reduces the risk of legal complications. ICC would like to express its gratitude to the members of the Commission, chaired by Fabio Bortolotti (Italy), to the Drafting Group, which comprised Charles Debattista (Co-Chair, France), Jens Bredow (Germany), Johnny Herre (Sweden), David Lwee (UK), Lauri Railas (Finland), Frank Reynolds (US),and Miroslav Subert (Szech Republic), and to Asko Raty (Finland) for assistance with the images depicting the 11 rules. INTRODUCTION The Incoterms rules explain a set of three-letter trade terms reflecting business-to-business practice 前言 国际商会主席 Rajat Gupta 全球经济一体化使得商业通向世界各地市场的途径空前宽广。各种各样的货物被销售到世界各地。然而，随着全球贸易数额的增加和贸易复杂性的加强，因贸易合同起草不恰当而带来的误解和高代价争端也可能随之增加。 国际贸易术语解释通则，国际商会规则在国内和国际贸易用语的使用促进了全球贸易的进行。在贸易合同中引用国际贸易术语解释通则 2010 可明确界定各方义务并降低法律纠纷产生的风险。 自从 1936 年国际商会制定出国际贸易术语解释通则之后，此项在全球范围内被采用的合同标准就经常性地更新换代，与国际贸易的发展步调一致。国际贸易术语解释通则 2010 考虑了免税贸易区的不断增加，电子沟通在商务中的不断增多，以及被更加重视的货物运输中的安全和变化等问题。国际贸易术语解释通 则 2010 更新并加强了交货规则，将规则总量从 13 条减少到了 11条，并且使得所有规则的表述更加简洁明确。国际贸易术语解释通则 2010 同时也是第一个使得所有在买卖双方中的适用保持中立的第一个国际贸易术语解释版本。 国际商会的商法和实践委员会成员来自世界各地和多个贸易部门，该委员会广泛的专业技能确保了国际贸易术语解释通则 2010 与各地的商贸需求相适应。 国际商会向 Fabio Bortolotti（意大利）的商法和实践委员会的成员表示谢意，向由 Charles Debattista（副组长，英国），Christoph Martin Radtke（副组长，法国），Jens Bredow （德国），Johnny Herre（瑞典），David Lwee（英国），Lauri Railas（芬兰），Frank Reynold（美国），Miroslav Subert（捷克）组成的起草小组致谢，并且向对 11 条规则的表述给予帮助的 Asko Raty（芬兰）致谢。 介绍 Incoterms?规则规定了一系列在货物销售商业合同实践中使用的三字母系列贸易术语 Incoterms?规则主要描述了货物从卖方到买方运输过程中涉及的责任，费用和风险的划分。 如何适用 Incoterms?2010 规则 1.把 Incoterms?2010 规则应用到销售合同中 如果要使合同适用 Incoterms 规则 2010，应在合同中明确表明，例如：所选择的 Incoterms 规则（含指定地点）适用 Incoterms?规则 2010。 2. 选择适宜的 Incoterms 规则 所选的 Incoterms 规则需要与货物，采取的运输方式相适宜，最重要的是合同双方是否意欲添加额外的义务，例如将办理运输或保险的义务加于买方或卖方。每个贸易术语的指导性解释中的信息对作出如此的决定非常有帮助。不论选用何种 Incoterms 规则，双方应该意识到对合同的解释会受到使用的港口或地址惯例影响。 3.尽可能精准地描述你方地址或港口名称 只有当事人双方选定特定的一个收货地或港口时，所选术语才能发挥作用。地点或港口名称越精准， in contracts for the sale of goods. The Incoterms rules describe mainly the tasks, costs and risks involved in the delivery of goods from sellers to buyers. How to use the Incoterms 2010 rules 1. Incorporate the Incoterms 2010 rules into your contract of sale If you want the Incoterms 2010 rules to apply to your contract, you should make this clear in the contract, through such words as, “the chosen Incoterms rule including the named place, followed by Incoterms? 2010”. 2. Choose the appropriate Incoterms rule The chosen Incoterms rule needs to be appropriate to the goods, to the means of their transport, and above all to whether the parties intend to put additional obligations, for example such as the obligation to organize carriage or insurance, on the seller or on the buyer. The Guidance Note to each Incoterms rule contains information that is particularly helpful when making this choice. Whichever Incoterms rule is chosen, the parties should be aware the interpretation of their contract may well be influenced by customs particular to the port or place being used. 3. Specify your place or port as precisely as possible The chosen Incoterms rule can work only if the parties name a place or port, and will work best if the parties specify the place or port as precisely as possible. A good example of such precision would be:： “FCA 38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France Incoterms 2010”. Under the Incoterms rule Ex Works(EXW), Free Carrier(FCA), Delivered at Terminal(DAT), Delivered at Place(DAP), Delivered Duty Paid(DDP), Free Alongside Ship(FAS), and Free on Board(FOB), the named place is the place where delivery takes place and where risk passes from the seller to the buyer. Under the Incoterms rule Carriage Paid to (CPT), Carriage and Insurance Paid to(CIP), Cost and Freight(CFR) Cost, Insurance and Freight(CIF), Incoterms 规则越有效。 以下精准描述就是一个很好的例子： FCA38 Cours Albert 1er，法国巴黎，2010通则 在 Incoterms 规则下： EXW 工厂交货（指定地点） FCA 货交承运人(指定地点)” DAT 终点站交货(指定目的地) DAP 地点交货 (指定目的地) DDP 完税后交货(指定目的地) FAS 船边交货(指定装运港) FOB 船上交货(指定装运港) 此处所指地点为交货地点，同时风险也从卖方转移至买方。 Incoterms 规则下 CPT 运费付至（指定目的地） CIP 运费、保险费付至(指定目的地) CFR 成本加运费(指定目的港) CIF 成本、保险费 加运费(指定目的港) 所指地点随交货地不同而不同。在这四条 Incoterms 规则下，所指地点为运费付至地。 为了避免疑问和争议，指定地点或目的地可以进一步阐述为一个精确的地点。 4谨记 Incoterms 规则并没有给当事人提供一份完整的销售合同 Incoterm 规则确有阐述销售合同中当事人的特定义务，当卖方将货物运至买方时，办理运输和保险义务的承担。 然而，Incoterms 并没有任何关于付款价格或付款方式的规定，或是货物所有权的转移，违约的后果等。这些问题通常是通过销售合同的明示条款和适用的法律条文来解决。当事人需要注意的是，当地强制适用的法律有可能优先于销售合同的内容，包括所选择的 Incoterms 规则。 Incoterms?2010 的主要特征 1.两个新的贸易术语，即 DAT 和 DAP 代替了原来Incoterms2000 的 DAF,DES,DEQ 和 DDU 术语。 贸易术语的数量从原来的 13 个减少到 11 个。 Incoterms2010 用两个可以不顾及已议定的运输模式的新术语DAT，目的地交货和 DAP，指定地交货代替了 Incoterms2000 中的 DAF,DES,SEQ 和 DDU术语。 DAT 和 DAP 术语都规定需在指定地点交货：在 DAT情况下，从运输工具上卸下货物交由买方处置（这和先前 The named place differs from the place of delivery. Under these four Incoterms rules, the named place is the place of destination to which carriage is paid. Indications as to place or destination can helpfully be further specified by stating a precise point in that place or destination in order to avoid doubt or argument. 4. Remember that Incoterms rules do not give you a complete contract of sale Incoterms rules do say which party to the sale contract has the obligation to make carriage or insurance arrangements, when the seller delivers the goods to the buyer, and which costs each party is responsible for. Incoterms rules, however, say nothing about the price to be paid or the method of its payment. Neither do they deal with the transfer of ownership of the goods, or the consequences of a breach of contract. These matters are normally dealt with through express terms in the contract of sale or in the law governing that contract. The parties should be aware that mandatory local law may override any aspect of the sale contract, including the chosen Incoterms rules. Main features of the Incoterm2010 rules 1. Two new Incoterms ruls DAT and DAP have replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES DEQ and DDU. The number of Incoterms rules has been reduced from 13 to 11. This has been achieved by substituting two rules that may be used irrespective of the agreed mode of transport DAT, Delivered at Terminal, and DAP, Delivered at Place for the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU. Under both new rules, delivery occurs at a named destination: in DAT, at the buyers disposal unloaded from the arriving vehicle (as under the former DEQ rule); in DAP, likewise at the buyers disposal, but ready for unloading (as under the former DAF, DES and DDU rules). The new rules make the Incoterms 2000 rules DES and DEQ superfluous. The named terminal in DAT may well be in a port, and DAT can therefore safely be used in cases where the Incoterms 2000 rule DEQ once was. Likewise, the arriving “vehicle” under DAP may well be a ship and the named place of destination may well be a port: consequently, DAP can safely be used in cases where the Incoterms 2000 rule DES once 的 DEQ 术语一样）；在 DAP 情况下同样交由买方处置，但需做好卸货的准备（这和先前的 DAF, DES和DDU 术语一样）。 新贸易术语的使用，使Incoterms 2000中的DES和DEQ成为多余。DAT的目的地可以是港口，因此DAT可以用于在Incoterms 2000下DEQ适用的情况。同样的，DAP中运达货物的交通工具可以是轮船，而目的地也可以是港口，因此DAP可以用于Incoterms2000 下DES适用的情况。这两个新的术语，和先前的几个术语一样，是由卖方承担所有费用（除了与进口清算有关的费用）和货物到达目的地前的风险。 2. Incoterms?2010 中 11 种贸易术语的分类 Incoterms?2010 11 种贸易术语目前被分为两类： 适用于任何运输方式的术语： EXW 工厂交货 FCA 货交承运人 CPT 运费付至 CIP 运费及保险费付至 DAT 目的地交货 DAP 所在地交货 DDP 完税后交货 适用于海上和内陆水上运输的术语： FAS 船边交货 FOB 船上交货 CFR 成本加运费 CIF 成本、保险费加运费 第一种分类中的七种贸易术语不用考虑所选用运输方式的种类。EXW,FCA,CPT,CIP,DAT,DAP 和 DDP 都属于第一种分类。它们甚至可以运用于没有海上运输的情况下。谨记只要运输中一个部分运用过船只便可以适用此类术语。 在第二类术语中，交货点和把货物送达买方的地点都是港口，所以只适用于“海上或内陆水上运输”。FAS,FOB,CFR 和 CIF 都属于这一类。最后的三个术语，删除了以越过船舷为交货标准而代之以将货物装运上船。这更准确的反应了现代商业现实，避了以往风险围绕船舷这条虚拟垂线来回摇摆。 3.国内贸易和国际贸易的规定 传统的 Incoterms 规则只在国际销售合同中运用，此种交易货物运输都需跨越国界。在世界许多地区，商业集团如欧盟使得不同国家间的过关手续不再重要。所以，Incoterms?2010 正式认可所有的贸易规则既可以适用于国内交易也可以适用于国际交易。所以，Incoterms?2010 在一些地方明确规定，只有在适当的时候，才有义务遵从进口或者出口的手续。 两个新发展使得 ICC 相信向这个方向的改革是适宜的。首先，商人们普遍在国内贸易合同使用Incoterms2010 规则。其次，比起先前提到的统一的商 was. These new rules, like their predecessors, are “delivered”, with the seller bearing all the costs (other than those related to import clearance, where applicable) and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place of destination. 2. Classification of the 11 Incoterms 2010 rules The 11 Incoterms 2010 rules are presented in two distinct classes： RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPOTR EXW EX WORKS FCA FREE CARRIER CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO DAT DELIVERED AT TERMINAL DAP DELIVERED AT PLACE DDP DELIVERED DUTY PAID RULES FOR SEA AND INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT FAS FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP FOB FREE ON BOARD CFR COST AND FREIGHT CIF COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT The first class includes the seven Incoterms 2010 rules that can be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and irrespective of whether one or more than one mode of transport is employed. EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP and DDP belong to this class. They can be used even when there is no maritime transport at all. It is important to remember, however, that these rules can be used in cases where a ship is used for part of the carriage. In the second class of Incoterms 2010 rules, the point of delivery and the place to which the goods are carried to the buyer are both ports, hence the label “sea and inland waterway” rules. FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF belong to this class. Under the last three Incoterms rules, all mention of the ships rail as the point of delivery has been omitted in preference for the goods being delivered when they are “on board” the vessel. This more closely reflects modern commercial reality and avoids the rather dated image of the risk swinging to and fro across an imaginary perpendicular line. 3. Rules for domestic and international trade Incoterms rules have traditionally been used in international sale contracts where goods pass across national boarders. In various areas of the world, however, trade blocs, like the European Union, have made border formalities between different countries less significant. Consequently, the subtitle of the 业规则中的运输和交付术语，在国内贸易中更多美国人愿意使用 Incoterms2010 中的术语。 4引言 在 Incoterms?2010 的每条规则前面，都有一条引言。引言解释每条贸易规则的基本内容，比如说什么时候被运用到，什么时候风险转移，还有费用在卖方和买方间是怎样分配的等等。引言并不是 Incoterms?2010的内容，但是它们能帮助使用者更准确更有效率的针对特定的贸易运用合适的贸易条款。 5.电子通信 上一版本的 Incoterms 规则已经确定了可以被电子数据交换信息替代的文件。然而 Incoterms规则 2010中的 A1/B1 赋予电子通信方式和纸质通讯相同的效果，只要缔约双方同意或存在国际惯例。这一规定有利于促进 Incoterms规则 2010 中新的电子程序的演进。 6.保险范围 Incoterms规则 2010 是协会货物条款修订以来的最新版国际贸易术语规则，并就对那些条款的变更做了考虑。Incoterms 规则 2010 把关系到保险的信息义务规定在 A3/B3，这涉及到运输和保险合同。这些条款已经从更为普通的国际贸易术语 2000 中 A10/B10的文章中删除。为了明确缔约双方的义务，条款 A2/B3中涉及保险的行文也做了变化。 7. 与安全有关的清关需要的信息 现在人们高度关注货物运输中的安全问题，需要确认货物不会对生命和财产有威胁，除了其自身固有的属性。 因此，Incoterms?规则 2010 已经在买家和卖家间分配了义务，在与安全有关的清关获得或者提供帮助，例如在多种多样的国际贸易术语中 A2/B2 和 A10/B10的监管链相关信息。 8. 终点站操作费 在国际贸易术语 CPT，CIP，CIF，DAT，DAP 和 DDP项下，卖家必须做好安排使货物到达指定目的地。虽然运费是由卖方支付的，但因为运费一般被卖方包含在销售价格中所以实际上运费是由买方支付的。货运费有时包括港口或集装箱码头内的理货和运输费用，承运人和终点站运营方也可能向收到货物的买家收取这笔费用。在这种情况下，买家会想要避免对同一服务重复付费：一次付给卖家作为销售价格中的一部分，一次单独地付给承运人或者终点站运营方。Incoterms?规则 2010在相关国际贸易术解释规则的 A6/B6 条款明确的分配此项费用，力求避免重复付费。 9. 连环合同 与工业制成品的销售不同，在农矿产品的销售中，货物 Incoterms 2010 rules formally recognize that they are available for application to both international and domestic sale contracts. As a result, the Incoterms 2010 rules clearly state in a number of places that the obligation to comply with export/import formalities exists only where applicable. Two developments have persuaded ICC that a movement in this direction is timely. Firstly, traders commonly use Incoterms rules for purely domestic sale contract. The second reason is the greater willingness in the Unites States to use Incoterm rules in domestic trade rather than the former Uniform Commercial Code shipment and delivery terms. 4. Guidance Notes Before each Incoterms 2010 rule you will find a Guidance Note. The Guidance Notes explain the fundamentals of each Incoterms rule, such as when it should be used, when risk passes, and how costs are allocated between seller and buyer. The Guidance Notes are not part of the actual Incoterms 2010 rules, but are intended to help the user accurately and efficiently steer towards the appropriate Incoterms rule for a particular transaction. 5. Electronic communication Previous versions of Incoterms rules have specified those documents that could be replaced by EDI messages. Articles A1/B1 of the Incoterms 2010 rules, however, now give electronic means of communication the same effect as paper communication, as long as the parties so agree or where customary. This formulation facilitates the evolution of new electronic procedures throughout the lifetime of the Incoterms 2010 rules. 6. Insurance cover The Incoterms 2010 rules are the first version of the Incoterms rules since the version of the Institute Cargo Clauses and take account of alterations made to those clauses. The Incoterms 2010 rules place information duties relating to insurance in articles A3/B3, which deal with contracts of carriage and insurance. These provisions have been moved from the more generic found in article A10/B10 of the Incoterms 2000 rules. The language in articles A2/B3 relating to insurance has also been altered with a view to clarifying the parties obligations in this regard. 7. Security-related Clearances and information 经常在沿销售链运转过程中被频繁销售多次。这种情况下，在运输中的卖家不用再运输货物，因为货物已被第一个卖家装船运输了。中途的卖方通过接收货物而非运输货物向买方履行义务。为明确起见，Incoterms 规则 2010 在相关规定中把提取已经运输的商品的义务作为运输商品义务的替换。 required for such clearances There is heightened concern nowadays about security in the movement of goods, requiring verification that the goods do not pose a threat to life or property for reasons other than their inherent nature. Therefore, the Incoterms 2010 rules have allocated obligations between the buyer and seller to obtain or to render assistance in obtaining security-related clearances, such as chain-of-custody information, in articles A2/B2 and A10/B10 of various Incoterms rules. 8. Terminal handling charges Under Incoterms rules CPT, CIP, CFR, CIF, DAT, DAP, and DDP, the seller must make arrangements for the carriage of the goods to the agreed destination. While the freight is paid by the seller, it is actually paid for by the buyer as freight costs are normally included by the seller in the total selling price. The carriage costs will sometimes include the costs of handling and moving the goods within port or container terminal facilities and the carrier or terminal operator may well charge these costs to the buyer who receives the goods. In these circumstances, the buyer will want to avoid paying for the same service twice: once to the seller as part of the total selling price and once independently to the carrier or the terminal operator. The Incoterms 2010 rules seek to avoid this happening by clearly allocating such costs in articles A6/B6 of the relevant Incoterms rules. 9. String sales In the sale of commodities, as opposed to the sale of manufactured goods, cargo is frequently sold several times during transit “down a string” when this happens, a seller in the middle of the string dont have to ship the goods because these have already been shipped by the first seller in the string. The seller in the middle of the string therefore performs its obligations towards its buyer not by shipping the goods, but by “procuring” goods that have been shipped. For clarification purposes, Incoterms 2010 rules include the obligation to “procure goods shipped” as an alternative to the obligation to ship goods in the relevant Incoterms rules. RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPORT Variants of Incoterms rules Sometimes the parties want to alter an Incoterms rules. The Incoterms 2010 rules do not prohibit such alteration, but there are dangers in so doing. In order to avoid any unwelcome surprises, the parties would need to make the intended effect of such alterations extremely clear in their contract. Thus, for example, if the allocation of costs in the Incoterms 2010 rules is altered in the contract, the parties should also clearly state whether they intend to vary the point at which the risk passes from seller to buyer. Status of this introduction This introduction gives general information on the use and interpretation of the Incoterms 2010 rules, but does not form part of those rules. Explanation of terms used in the Incoterms 2010 rules As in the Incoterms rules, the sellers and buyers obligations are presented in mirror fashion, reflecting under column A the sellers obligations and under column B the buyers obligations. These obligations can be carried out personally by the seller or the buyer or sometimes, subject to terms in the contract or the applicable law, through intermediaries such as carriers, freight forwarders or other persons nominated by the seller or the buyer for a specific purpose. The text of the Incoterms 2010 rules is meant to be self-explanatory. However, in order to assist users the following text sets out guidance as to the sense in which selected terms are used throughout the document. Carrier: For the purposes of the Incoterms 2010 rules, the carrier is the party with whom carriage is contracted. Customs Formalities: These are requirements to be met in order to comply with any applicable customs regulations and may include documentary, security, information or physical inspection obligations. Delivery: This concept has multiple meanings in trade law and practice, but in the Incoterms 2010 rules, it is used to indicate where the risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes from the seller to the buyer. Delivery document: This phrase is now used as the heading to article A8. It means a document used to prove that delivery has occurred. For many of the Incoterms 2010 rules, the delivery document is a transport document or corresponding electronic record. 运输方式的规则 国际贸易术语解释通则的变体 贸易各方有时因各自需要意图修改某一国际贸易术语规则的适用。国际贸易术语解释通则 2010并不禁止这种修改，但是这样做会带来一定的危险。因此双方都应当在合同中明确表明修改意欲达到的效果以避免不愉快的分歧。譬如，假设合同改变了Incoterms 规则中费用的分配，那么合同各方亦应当明确声明是否改变风险（从卖方到买方）转移的临界点。 本导言的功能地位 本导言只是对国际贸易术语解释通则 2010的用途和解释的概括提示，并不是这些的组成部分。 对国际贸易术语解释通则 2010中术语的解释 正如国际贸易术语解释通则 2010中所述，买方和卖方的共同义务是以对应方式呈现的，也就是说，既能反映出 A 栏中的买方义务，又能反映出 B 栏中的卖方义务。这些义务可以由买方或者卖方亲自履行，有时抑或受制于合同或者适用法律中的个别条款的规定，由诸如承运人、转运代理人等中介组织，或者其他由买方或者卖方为了特定目的而委任的人来履行。 国际贸易术语解释通则 2010正文中条文解析明了。但出于引导辅助（使用者）理解的考虑，编者还是占用了以下篇幅对从规则中选取的几个术语进行阐释。 承运人：出于国际贸易术语解释通则 2010的目的，承运人是指与托运人订立合同，并承担运输义务的一方。 报关单：是指为了遵守海关条例而需要满足的一些要求，包括了单据、安全、信息或者实体检验之义务。 交货：在商法和商事活动中，这个概念有多种涵义。但是，在国际贸易术语解释通则 2010中，交货用来表明在货物由卖方向买方转移的过程中毁损风险在何处转移。 交货单：此术语现在已成为 A8 条款的标题。交货单，是用于证明已完成交货的凭证。对于国际贸易术语解释通则 2010中的许多规则，交货单是一种运输单据或相关电子记录。 但是对于 EXW，FCA，FAS 和 FOB，交货单只是一种收据。当然，交货单还有其他功能，比如支付程序的一个环节。 电子记录或者程序：由一个或多个可适用的电子讯号组成的一组信息库，其功能上等同于相应的纸质文档。 包装：此词因语境不同有不同含义： 1. 符合销售合同要求的货物包装； 2. 符合运输要求的货物包装； 3. 集装箱或其他运输工具中已包装货物的理仓 在国际贸易术语解释通则 2010中，“包装”一词有以上中的 1 和 2 项的含义。Incoterms2010 中并不涉及集装箱内货物的理仓义务，当事人应在销售合同中予以确定。 However, with EXW, FCA, FAS and FOB, the delivery document may simply be a receipt. A delivery document may also have other functions, for example as part of the mechanism for payment. Electronic record or procedure: A set of information constituted of one or more electronic messages and, where applicable, being functionally equivalent with the corresponding paper document. Packaging: this word is used for different purposes: 1. The packaging of the goods to comply with any requirements under the contract of sale. 2. The packaging of the goods so that they are fit for transportation. 3. The stowage of the packaged goods within a container or other means of transport. In the Incoterms 2010 rules, packaging means both the first and second of the above. The Incoterms 2010 rules do not deal with the parties obligations for stowage within a container and therefore, where relevant, the parties should deal with this in the sale contract. EXW (insert named place of delivery) GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. It is suitable for domestic trade, while FCA is usually more appropriate for international trade. “Ex Works” means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the sellers premises or at another named place ., works, factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery. EXW represents the minimum obligation for the seller. The rule should be used with care as: a) The seller has no obligation to the buyer to load the goods, even though in practice the seller may be in a better position to do so. If the seller does load the goods, it does so at the buyers risk and expense. In cases where the seller is in a better position to load the goods, FCA, which obliges the seller to do so at its own risk and expense, is usually more appropriate. b) A buyer who buys from a seller on an EXW basis for export needs to be aware that the seller has an obligation to provide only such assistance as the buyer may require to effect that export: the seller is not bound to organize the export clearance. Buyers are therefore well advised not to use EXW if they cannot directly or indirectly obtain export clearance. c) The buyer has limited obligations to provide to the seller any information regarding the export of the goods. However, the seller may need this information for, ., taxation or reporting purposes. EXW工厂交货（指定地点） 本条规则与（当事人）所选择的运输模式无关，即便（当事人）选择多种运输模式，亦可适用该规则。本规则较适用于国内交易，对于国际交易，则应选 FCA1 “货交承运人（指定地点）”规则为佳。 “工厂交货（-指定地点）”是指当卖方在其所在地或其他指定的地点（如工场（强调生产制造场所）、工厂（制造场所）或仓库等）将货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货。卖方不需将货物装上任何运输工具，在需要办理出口清关手续时，卖方亦不必为货物办理出口清关手续。 双方都应该尽可能明确的指定货物交付地点，因为此时（交付前的）费用与风险由卖方承担。买方必须承当在双方约定的地点或在指定地受领货物的全部费用和风险。 EXW 是卖方承担责任最小的术语。它应遵守以下使用规则： a) 卖方没有义务为买方装载货物，即使在实际中由卖方装载货物可能更方便。若由卖方装载货物，相关风险和费用亦由买方承担。如果卖方在装载货物中处于优势地位，则使用由卖方承担装载费用与风险的 FCA 术语通常更合适。 b) 买方在与卖方使用 EXW 术语时应知晓，卖方仅在买方要求（更符合术语特质）办理出口手续时负有协助的义务：（但是），卖方并无义务主动（更强调最小义务，吸收进 2010 年本身的意义）办理出口清关手续。因此如果买方不能直接或间接地办理出口清关手续，建议买方不要使用 EXW 术语。 c) 买方承担向卖方提供关于货物出口之信息的有限义务。但是，卖方可能需要这些用作诸如纳税（申报税款）、报关等目的的信息。 A THE SELLER OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, assistance in obtaining any export licence, or other official authorization necessary for the export of the goods. Where applicable, the seller must provide, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any information in the possession of the seller that is required for the security clearance of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods by placing them at the disposal of the buyer at the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery, not loaded on any collecting vehicle. If no specific point has been agreed within the named place of delivery, and if there are several points available, the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export and import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the export of the goods. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when A4 and A7 have been complied with. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then the buyer bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the expiry date of any agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must: a) pay all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4; the seller may select the point that best suits its purpose. The seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed to enable the buyer to make delivery of the goods. A8 Delivery document The seller has no obligation to the buyer. A9 Checking packaging marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4. b)pay any additional costs incurred by failing either to take delivery of the goods when they have been placed at its disposal or to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; c)pay, where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon export; and d) reimburse all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing assistance as envisaged in A2. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery within the named place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must provide the seller with appropriate evidence of having taken delivery. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, including inspection mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. 卖方义务 买方义务 A1 卖方的一般义务 卖方必须按照销售合同提供货物和商业发票，以及合同可能要求的、用以证明货物符合合同规定的其他任何凭证。 所有在 A1-A10 条款中提及的文件，（均）可采用经当事人协定或约定俗成、具有同等作用的电子记录或者手续。 B1 买方的一般义务 买方必须按照买卖合同之规定支付货物价款。 所有在 B1-B10 条款中提及的文件，（均）可采用经当事人协定或约定俗成、具有同等作用的电子记录或者手续。 A2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 B2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在需要办理海关手续时，应买方要求并由买方承当风险和费用时，卖方应协助买方办理出口货物必须的出口许可证或其他官方许可。 应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，在需要办理海关手续时，卖方必须提供其掌握的货物安全检查所要求的任何信息。 在需要办理海关手续时, 买方必须自担风险和费用，由其取得任何出口和进口许可证或其他官方许可，并办理货物出口的一切海关手续。 A3 运输合同与保险合同 a） 运输合同 卖方没有为买方签订运输合同的义务 b） 保险合同 卖方没有义务与买方签订保险合同。然而，当买方请求或由其承担风险与（或有的）费用时，卖方必须向买方提供其获取保险所需要的信息。 B3 运输合同和保险合同 a)运输合同 买方没有为卖方签订运输合同的义务 b)保险合同 买方没有与卖方签订保险合同的义务 A4 交货 卖方应在约定点或在指定地点将未置于任何运输车辆上的货物交给买方处置。若在指定的地点内未约定具体交货点，或有若干个交货点可使用，卖方可选择最符合其目的之地进行交货。卖方需在约定地或约定时间内交货。 B4 受领货物(接收货物) 买方必须在卖方按照 A4 和 A7 规定交货时受领货物。 A5 风险转移 除发生 B5 中所描述之灭失或损坏的情形外，卖方必须承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至已经按照 A4规定交货为止。 B5 风险转移 自卖方按 A4 规定交货之时起，买方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。 如果买方未按照 B7 之规定通知卖方，则自约定的交货日期或交货期限届满之日起，买方必须承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，但以该项货物已清楚地确定为合同项下之货物为限。 A6 费用划分 除 B6 预设的可由买方支付的费用外，卖方必须承担与货物有关的所有费用，直到其按照 A4 规定交货为止。 B6 费用划分 买方必须支付： a) 自按照 A4 规定交货之时起与货物有关的一切费用； b) 在货物已交给买方处置而买方未受领货物或未按照 B7 规定给予卖方相应通知而发生的任何额外费用，但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下为限； c) 在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及办理海关手续的费用。 d) 卖方按照 A2 规定给予协助时所发生的一切成本与费用。 A7 通知买方 卖方必须提供能使买方提货的所需通知。 B7 通知卖方 一旦买方有权确定在约定的期限内受领货物的具体时间和/或地点时，应就此给予卖方充分的通知 A8 交货凭证 卖方无义务。 B8 交货证明 买方必须向卖方提供已受领货物的适当凭证。 A9 检查、包装、标志 卖方必须支付与 A4 规定一致的、以交付货物为目的的查对费用（如查对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数的费用）。 卖方必须支付货物包装费用，除非是不需要包装便可进行运输的特殊货物。卖方应采取适宜运输的包装方式，除非买方在签订买卖合同前便告知卖方特定的包装要求。包装应作适当标记。 B9 货物检验 买方必须支付装船前检验的强制性费用, 包括由出口国当局强制检查（的费用）。 A10 信息帮助和相关费用 B10 信息帮助和相关费用 应买方要求并由其承当风险和费用时，卖方须在合适的情况下为买方提供及时的帮助，以帮助买方取得其出口和/或进口货物以及将货物运至最后目的地所需的任何单据和信息，包括与安全有关的信息。 为使卖方可以履行 A10 之规定，买方必须及时通知卖方其对于相关交易安全信息的要求。 买方必须补偿卖方（由于提供给买方获得 A10 中提到的讯息和单据而可能）产生的所有费用和代价。 FCA - Free Carrier (insert named place of delivery) GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the sellers premises or another named place. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the risk passes to the buyer at that point. If the parties intend to deliver the goods at the sellers premises, they should identify the address of those premises as the named place of delivery. If, on the other hand, the parties intend the goods to be delivered at another place, they must identify a different specific place of delivery. FCA requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. FCA货交承运人（指定地点） 该项规则可以适用于各种运输方式（单独使用的情况），也可以适用于多种运输方式同时使用的情况。 “货交承运人”是指卖方于其所在地或其他指定地点将货物交付给承运人或买方指定人。建议当事人最好尽可能清楚地明确说明指定交货的具体点，风险将在此点转移至买方。 若当事人意图在卖方所在地交付货物，则应当确定该所在地的地址，即指定交货地点。另一方面，若当事人意图在其他地点交付货物，则应当明确确定一个不同的具体交货地点。 FCA 要求卖方在需要时办理出口清关手续。但是，卖方没有办理进口清关手续的义务，也无需缴纳任何进口关税或者办理其他进口海关手续。 在需要办理海关手续时（在必要时/适当时），DAP 规则要求应有卖方办理货物的出口清关手续，但卖方没有义务办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税或者办理任何进口海关手续，如果当事人希望卖方办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税和办理任何进口海关手续，则应适用 DDP 规则。 A THE SELLER OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyers risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named place of delivery, except when the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a). b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. Unless the buyer notifies the seller otherwise, the seller may deliver the goods for carriage in such a manner as the quantity and/or nature of the goods may must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the agreed point, if any, at the named place on the agreed date or within the agreed period. Delivery is completed: a) If the named place is the sellers premises, when the goods have been loaded on the means of transport provided by the buyer. b) In any other case, when the goods are placed at the disposal of the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer on the sellers means of transport ready for unloading. If no specific point has been notified by the buyer under B7 d) within the named place of delivery, and if there are several points available, the seller may select the point that best suits its purpose. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay require. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails in accordance with B7 to notify the nomination of a carrier or another person as envisaged in A4 or to give notice; or b) the carrier or person nominated by the buyer as envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into its charge, then, the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods: (i) from the agreed date, or in the absence of an agreed date, (ii) from the date notified by the seller under A7 within the agreed period; or, if no such date has been notified, (iii) from the expiry date of any agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b); b) any additional costs incurred, either because: a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must, at the buyers risk and expense, give the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer has failed to take the goods within the time agreed. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the sellers expense, with the usual proof that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. The seller must provide assistance to the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document. A9 Checking packaging marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection (i) the buyer fails to nominate a carrier or another person as envisaged in A4, or (ii) the carrier or person nominated by the buyer as envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into its charge, or (iii) the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and c) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must notify the seller of a) the name of the carrier or another person nominated as envisaged in A4 within sufficient time as to enable the seller to deliver the goods in accordance with that article; b) where necessary, the selected time within the period agreed for delivery when the carrier or person nominated will take the goods; c) the mode of transport to be used by the person nominated; and d) the point of taking delivery within the named place. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8. mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the sellers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. 卖方义务 买方义务 A1 卖方的一般义务 卖方应当提供符合销售合同规定的B1 买方的一般义务 买方应当支付销售合同中规定的货物 货物和商业发票以及合同可能要求的、证明货物符合合同规定的其他任何凭证。 A1-A10 所提到的文件可以是由当事人约定的或已成为惯例的，具有同等效力的电子档案或程序。 价款 B1-B10 所提到的文件可以是由当事人约定的或已成为惯例的，具有同等效力的电子档案或程序。 A2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 卖方应当自担风险和费用，并且在需要的时候取得任何出口许可证或其他官方许可，而且在办理海关手续时办理货物出口所需要的一切海关手续. B2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在需要的时候，买方可以获取一切进口许可证或其他官方许可，以及办理货物进口的海关手续和从他国过境的一切相关手续，并自担风险和费用。 A3 运输合同与保险合同 a) 运输 卖方没有为买方订立运输合同的义务。但是，若经买方要求，或者依循商业惯例且买方未适时给予卖方相反指示，则卖方可以按照通常条件订立由买方承担风险与费用的运输合同。在任何一种情况下，卖方都可以拒绝订立此合同；如果拒绝，则应立即通知买方。 b) 保险 卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但是，卖方应当按照买方的要求，向买方提供其所需的有关购买保险的信息，由此产生的任何风险、费用由买方承担。 B3 运输合同和保险合同 a) 运输 买方应当自付费用订立从指定的交货地点运输货物的合同，卖方按照 A3 a) 规定订立合同的除外。 b) 保险 买方没有义务为卖方订立保险合同。 A4 交货 若有约定具体的交货点，卖方应按照约定，在指定的地点于约定的日期或者期限内，将货物交付给承运人或者买方指定的其他人。 交货在以下情况完成： a)若指定的地点是卖方所在地，则B4 受领货物(接收货物) 买方应当在卖方按照 A4 规定交货时，收取货物。 当货物已装载于买方所提供的运输工具时； b) 当装载于卖方的运输工具上的货物已达到卸货条件，且处于承运人或买方指定的其他人的处置之下时的任何其他情况。 若买方未按照 B7 d) 项之规定，将在指定的地区内的具体交货地点通知卖方，且有几个具体交货点可供选择时，卖方可以在指定地点中选择最符合其目的的交货地点。 除非买方另有通知，否则，卖方可以根据货物的数量和/或性质的要求，将货物以适宜的方式交付运输。 A5 风险转移 卖方承担货物灭失或损害的一切风险，直至卖方已按照 A4 的规定交付货物，在 B5 描述的情况下产生的灭失或损害除外。 B5 风险转移 买方自卖方按照 A4 规定交货之时起，承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。 若 a) 买方没有按照 B7 规定将依 A4 规定对承运人或其他人的指定告知卖方或提醒其注意；或 b) 其按照 A4 规定指定的承运人或其他人未接管货物，则，买方按照下述规定承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险： i）自约定日期时起。若没有约定日期， ii）自卖方在约定的时期内依 A7 规定告知买方的日期起。若没有告知日期， iii）自任何约定的交货期限届满之日起， 但以该货物已被清楚地确定为合同项下货物为限。 A6 费用划分 卖方应当支付 a) 与货物有关的一切费用，直至已按照 A4 规定交货为止。除 B6 中规定的由买方支付的费用外;及 b) 在适用情况下，货物出口应办理的海关手续费用及出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用。 B6 费用划分 买方应当支付： a) 自按照 A4 规定的交货之时起与货物有关的一切费用，除了 A6 b）中规定的货物出口办理海关手续的费用及其他货物出口应缴纳的关税、税款和其他费用。 b) 因发生下述任一情况产生的任何额外费用： (i)由于买方未能按照 A4 规定指定承运人或其他人； (ii)或由于承运人或买方指定的人未能接管货物； (iii)或由于买方未能按照 B7 规定给予卖方相应通知, 但以该货物已被清楚地确定为合同项下货物为限。 c) 在有必要时，货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用以及办理海关手续的费用及从他国过境的费用。 A7 通知买方 在买方自担风险和费用的情况下，卖方应当将货物已经按照 A4 的规定交付，或承运人或买方指定的其他人未能在约定的时间内提取货物的信息充分告知买方。 B7 通知卖方 买方应当： a)及时告知卖方其依 A4 规定指定的承运人或者其他人的名称，使卖方能够按照 A4 条款的规定发送货物； b)在必要时，告知卖方被指定的承运人或其他人在约定的期限内收取货物的具体时间； c)告知卖方由买方指定人采取的运输方式；以及 d)在约定地点内的具体取货位置。 A8 交货凭证 卖方应当自担费用地向买方提供证B8 提货证据 买方应当接受卖方依 A8 规定提供的 明按照 A4 规定已完成交货的通常凭证。 卖方应当根据买方的要求，给予买方一切协助以取得运输单据，风险和费用由买方承担 交货凭证。 A9 检查、包装、标志 卖方应当支付那些对实现按照 A4 的标准运输货物的目标必不可少的检查措施（比如说质量检查，测量，称重，计数）所产生的费用，以及任何为出口国当局规定的装运前检验的费用。 卖方应当由自己负担成本来包装货物，除非对该特定种类的交易来说，将这种被销售货物不加包装地运输是相关行业惯例。卖方可以将货物以适宜其运输的方式加以包装，除非买方在销售合同签订前向卖方通知了明确的包装要求。包装应当适当地标记。 B9 货物检验 买方应当支付任何装运之前强制检验的费用，但出口国强制进行的检验除外。 A10 信息帮助和相关费用 应买方的要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方应当在需要时及时向买方提供或给予协助，以帮助买方取得为买方进口货物可能要求的和/或在运往目的地的过程中可能需要的包括与安全清关有关的信息在内的任何单据或信息。 卖方应当补偿买方因提供 B10 中协助其取得单据和信息的行为时的费用和要价。 B10 信息帮助和相关费用 买方应当及时告知卖方其关于安全清关信息方面的请求，使卖方能够履行A10 中规定的义务。 买方应当对卖方因依 A10 规定所提供或给予的关于取得单据和信息的协助而产生的费用和要价进行补偿。 应卖方的要求并由其承担风险和费用，买方应当在需要时及时向卖方提供或给予协助，以帮助卖方取得为运输和出口货物和/或从他国过境时需要的包括与安全清关有关的信息在内的任何单据或信息。 CPT Carriage Paid to (insert named place of destination) GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Carriage Paid To” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties) and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination. This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible in the contract both the place of delivery, where the risk passes to the buyer, and the named place of destination to which the seller must contract for the carriage. If several carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination and the parties do not agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is that risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier at a point entirely of the sellers choosing and over which the buyer has no control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass at a later stage ., at an ocean port or airport), they need to specify this in their contract of sale. The parties are also well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the named place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. CPT requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. CPT运费付至（指定目的港） 导言 这一术语无例外地用于所选择的任何一种运输方式以及运用多种运输方式的情况。 “运费付至”指卖方在指定交货地向承运人或由其 (卖方)指定的其他人交货并且其（卖方）须与承运人订立运输合同，载明并实际承担将货物运送至指定目的地的所产生的必要费用. 在 CPT, CIP, CFR, or CIF适用的情形下，卖方的交货义务在将货物交付承运人，而非货物到达指定目的地时，即告完全履行。 此规则有两个关键点，因为风险和成本在不同的地方发生转移。买卖双方当事人应在买卖合同中尽可能准确地确定以下两个点：发生转移至买方的交货地点 ;在其须订立的运输合同中载明的指定目的地。如果使用多个承运人将货物运至指定目的地，且买卖双方并未对具体交货地点有所约定，则合同默认风险自货物由买方交给第一承运人时转移，卖方对这一交货地点的选取具有排除买方控制的绝对选择权。如果当事 方希望风险转移推迟至稍后的地点发生（例如：某海港或机场），那么他们需要在买卖合同中明确约定这一点。 由于将货物运至指定目的地的费用由卖方承担，因而当事人应尽可能准确地确定目的地中的具体地点。且卖方须在运输合同中载明这一具体的交货地点。卖方基于其运输合同中在指定目的地卸货时，如果产生了相关费用，卖方无权向买方索要，除非双方有其他约定。 CPT 贸易术语要求卖方，在需要办理这些手续时，办理货物出口清关手续。但是，卖方没有义务办理货物进口清关手续、支付进口关税以及办理任何进口所需的任何海关手续。 A THE SELLER OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods, and for their transport through any country prior to delivery. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon at the place of delivery to the named place of destination or, if agreed, any point at that place. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the sellers expense and provide for carriage by the usual route and in a customary manner. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point of delivery and the point at the named place of destination that best suit its purpose. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods by handing them over to the carrier contracted in accordance with A3 on the agreed date or within the agreed period. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named place of destination. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, it must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 c); b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the agreed place of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the sellers account under the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods and any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; and c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any country that were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must notify the buyer that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods. A8 Delivery document If customary or at the buyers request the seller must provide the buyer, at the sellers expense, with the usual transport documents for the transport contracted in accordance with A3. This transport document must cover the contract goods and be dated within the period agreed for shipment. If agreed or contract of carriage; c) unloading costs, unless such costs were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; d) any additional costs incurred if the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for dispatch, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country, unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for dispatching the goods and/or the named place of destination or the point of receiving the goods within that place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. customary, the document must also enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the named place of destination and enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier. When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer. A9 Checking packaging marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the sellers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. A 卖方义务 B 买方义务 A1 卖方的一般义务 卖方必须提供与销售合同规定一致的货物和商业发票，以及合同可能要求的证明货物符合合同规定的凭证。 按照双方约定或惯例，A1 至 A10 中提及的单据可以是具有同等效力的电子记录或者程序。 B1 买方的一般义务 买房必须按照销售合同规定支付货物价款。 按照双方约定或惯例，B1 至 B10 中提及的单据可以是具有同等效力的电子记录或者程序。 A2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在该港所在地需办理这些手续的情况下，卖方必须自担风险和费用，取得任何出口许可证或其他官方核准文件，并办理货物出口以及货物在送达前从他国过境运输所需的一切海关手续。 B2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 如果这些地方需要办理这些海关手续，买方在自行承担风险和费用的情况下，可以自由决定是否取得许可证或其他官方核准文件，并办理货物进口和经由他国过境运输的一切海关手续。 A3 运输合同与保险合同 a) 运输合同 卖方必须订立运输合同，若约定了交付地点的，将货物从交付地的约B3 运输合同和保险合同 a) 运输合同 买方没有向卖方制定运输合同的义务。 定地点运至指定目的地，如果约定了目的地的具体交付货物地点的，也可运至目的地的约定地点。 卖方必须自付费用，按照通常条件订立运输合同，依通常路线及习惯方式，将货物运至指定的目的地的约定点。如未约定目的地的具体交付货物地点或未能依交易习惯予以确定该地点，则卖方可在指定的目的地选择最适合其目的的交货点。 b) 保险合同 卖方没有向买方制定保险合同的义务。 应买方的请求，并由买方承担风险和可能存在的费用时，卖方必须向买方提供其需要的用于获得保险的相关信息。 b) 保险合同 买方没有向卖方制定保险合同的义务， 但是，当卖方要求时，买方须向卖方提供获得保险的必要信息。 A4 交货 卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内依照 A3 的规定向订立合同的承运人交货 B4 受领货物 买方必须在货物已经按照 A4 的规定交货时受领货物，并在指定的目的地从承运人受领货物。 A5 风险转移 除 B5 所描述情形下的灭失或损坏外，卖方承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至已按照 A4 规定交货为止 B5 风险转移 买方承担按照 A4 规定交货时起货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。 在货物已被清楚确定为合同项下之物的条件下，如买方未能按照 B7 规定向卖方发出通知，则买方必须从约定的交货日期或交货期限届满之日起，承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。 A6 费用划分 卖方必须支付 a)除 B6 规定者外，卖方必须支付按照 A4 规定交货之前与货物有关的一切费用； b)按照 A3 a）规定所发生的运费和B6 费用划分 除 A3 a）规定外，买方必须支付 a)自按照 A4 规定交货时起的一切与货物有关的费用，除了在 A6 中提到的在这些地方需要办理海关手续的情况下货物出口需要办理的海关手 一切其他费用，包括根据运输合同规定应由卖方支付的装货费和在目的地的卸货费；以及 c)货物出口需要办理的海关手续费用及出口时应缴纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及根据运输合同规定，由卖方支付的货物从他国过境的费用,如果这些地方需要办理这些海关手续。 续费用及出口时应缴纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用； b）货物在运输途中直至到达目的地为止的一切费用，除非这些费用根据运输合同应由卖方支付； c）卸货费，除非根据运输合同应由卖方支付； d）如买方未按照 B7 规定给予卖方通知，则自约定的装运日期或装运期限届满之日起，货物所发生的一切额外费用，但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下，即清楚地划出或以其他方式确定为合同项下之货物为限 e）在需要办理海关手续时货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，及办理海关手续的费用，以及从他国过境的费用，除非这些费用已包括在运输合同中。 A7 通知买方 卖方必须通知买方按照 A4 规定交货。 卖方必须给予买方任何必要的通知，以便买方能够为领取货物采取通常必要的措施。 B7 通知卖方 一旦买方有权决定发送货物的时间和/或者指定的目的地或者指定接收货物的地点，买方必须就此给予卖方充分通知。 A8 交货凭证 如果依照惯例或者依照买方的要求，卖方必须向买方提供依据 A3 所订立的运输合同所签发的通常运输单据，且费用由卖方承担。 运输单据必须包括约定货物，其注明日期必须在约定的装运时间内。(如果)按照约定或和依照惯例，该单据必须同时能够赋予买方在约定地点向承运人受领货物的权利以及通过向下一个买方转移单据或向承运人告知的方式在运输中卖出货物B8 提货证据 如果符合合同规定，买方必须接受按照A8规定提供的运输单据 的权利。 当这样的运输单据是以转让的方式签发的，并且有多份正本时，一个完整全套的正本必须向买方提供。 A9 检查、包装、标志 卖方必须支付按照 A4 规定为交货所必需的核查（如核查品质、丈量、过磅、计数）费用，同时包括出口国当局强制的装运前的检验费用。 卖方必须自行承担费用为货物提供包装（除非在特定贸易中运输此种货物通常无需包装）。 卖方应该提供适合运输的包装，除非买方在缔结买卖合同之前已经告知卖方特定的包装要求。包装上应适当地予以标记。 B9 货物检验 买受人必须支付强制性的装运前的检验费用，但出口国当局强制进行检验的除外。 提供的运输单据，如果该单据符合合同规定的话 A10 信息帮助和相关费用 在该港所在地需办理这些手续的情况下，应买受人的需求并由其承担风险和费用，出卖人应及时地提供或者实施帮助以使买受人获得其在进口货物和/或者运输货物到最终目的地所需要的任何单据和信息，包括涉及安全的信息。 出卖人必须偿付买受人在出卖人在提供或给予帮助获取单据和信息的过程中所遭受的损失和费用，与 B10相对应。 B10 信息帮助和相关费用 就任何有关安全信息的要求，买受人必须及时通知出卖人，以使其能履行A10规定的义务。 买受人必须偿付出卖人为提供或协助买受人获得 A10 条所述单据和信息而产生的一切费用。 在该港所在地需办理这些手续的情况下，在出卖人提出要求、承担风险并给付费用的情况下，买受人必须及时向出卖人提供或协助出卖人获得出卖人在出口货物和经由他国过境运输所需要的任何单据和信息，包括与安全有关的信息。 CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid to (insert named place of destination) GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Carriage and Insurance Paid to” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties) and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination. The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyers risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The buyer should note that under CIP the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have more insurance protection, it will need either to agree as much expressly with the seller or to make its own extra insurance arrangements. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination. This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible in the contract both the place of delivery, where the risk passes to the buyer, and the named place of destination to which the seller must contract for carriage. If several carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination and the parties do not agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is that risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier at a point entirely of the sellers choosing and over which the buyer has no control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass at a later stage ., at an ocean port or an airport), they need to specify this in their contract of sale. The parties are also well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the named place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. CIP requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. CIP运费和保险费付至（指定目的地） 导言 该术语可适用于各种运输方式，也可以用于使用两种以上的运输方式时。 “运费和保险费付至”含义是在约定的地方（如果该地在双方间达成一致）卖方向承运人或是卖方指定的另一个人发货，以及卖方必须签订合同和支付将货物运至目的地的运费。 卖方还必须订立保险合同以防买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险。买方应注意到 CIP（运费和保险费付至指定目的地）术语只要求卖方投保最低限度的保险险别。如买方需要更多的保险保障，则需要与卖方明确地达成协议，或者自行作出额外的保险安排。 在 CPT，CIP，CFR 和 CIF 在这些术语下，当卖方将货物交付与承运人时而不是货物到达目的地时，卖方已经完成其交货义务。 由于风险和费用因地点之不同而转移，本规则有两个关键点。买卖双方最好在合同中尽可能精确地确认交货地点，风险转移至买方地，以及卖方必须订立运输合同所到达的指定目的地。若将货物运输至约定目的地用到若干承运人而买卖双方未就具体交货点达成一致，则默认为风险自货物于某一交货点被交付至第一承运人时转移，该交货点完全由卖方选择而买方无权控制。如果买卖双方希望风险在之后的某一阶段转移（例如在一个海港或一个机场），则他们需要在其买卖合同中明确之。 将货物运输至具体交货地点的费用由卖方承担，因此双方最好尽可能明确在约定的目的地的具体交货地点。卖方最好制定与此次交易精确匹配的的运输合同。如果卖方按照运输合同在指定的目的地卸货而支付费用，除非双方另有约定，卖方无权向买方追讨费用。 CIP 术语要求卖方在必要时办理货物出口清关手续。但是，卖方不承担办理货物进口清关手续，支付任何进口关税，或者履行任何进口报关手续的义务。 A THE SELLER OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods and for their transport through any country prior to delivery. A3 Contracts of carriage and B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other Formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named place of destination or, if agreed, any point at that place. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the sellers expense and provide for carriage by the usual route and in a customary manner. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point of delivery and the point at the named place of destination that best suit its purpose. b) Contract of insurance The seller must obtain at its own expense cargo insurance complying at least with the minimum cover as provided by Clauses (C) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses. The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, to claim directly from the insurer. When required by the buyer, the seller shall, subject to the buyer providing any necessary information requested by the seller, provide at the buyers expense any additional cover, if procurable, such as cover as provided by Clauses (A) or (B) of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with any information necessary for the seller to procure any additional insurance requested by the buyer as envisaged in A3 b). B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named place of destination. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, it must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses, and/or cover complying with the Institute War Clauses and/or Institute Strikes Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses. The insurance shall cover, at a minimum, the price provided in the contract plus 10% ., 110%) and shall be in the currency of the contract. The insurance shall cover the goods from the point of delivery set out in A and A5 to at least the named place of destination. The seller must provide the buyer with the insurance policy or other evidence of insurance cover. Moreover, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs to procure any additional insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods by handing them over to the carrier contracted in accordance with A3 on the agreed date or within the agreed period. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 d); b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the agreed place of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; c) unloading costs, unless such costs were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; d) any additional costs incurred if it fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for dispatch, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country, unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage; and f) the costs of any additional insurance procured at the buyers request under A3 and B3. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for dispatching the goods and/or the named place of destination or the point of receiving the goods within that place, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods and any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; c) the costs of insurance resulting from A3 b); and d) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any country that were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must notify the buyer that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods. A8 Delivery document If customary or at the buyers request, the seller must provide the buyer, at the sellers expense, with the usual transport documents for the transport contracted in accordance with A3. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the sellers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. This transport document must cover the contract goods and be dated within the period agreed for shipment. If agreed or customary, the document must also enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the named place of destination and enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier. When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer. A9 Checking packaging marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4 as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. A 卖方义务 B 买方义务 A1 卖方的一般义务 卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票，以及合同可能要求的其他任何凭证。 如经双方当事人约定或者存在惯例，那么 A1-A10中提及的任何文件都可以是一个等价的电子版的记录或程序。 B1 买方的一般义务 买方必须按照销售合同规定支付货物价款。 经买卖双方同意或依据惯例，B1-B10中所述之单据可以是同等作用的电子备案手续。 A2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 如有需要，卖方必须自担风险和费用，取得任何出口许可证或其他官方授权，并办理货物出口及交货前货物从他国国境所需的一切海关手续 B2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 需要取得进口许可证、办理海关手续时，买方应当自担风险与费用，取得任何进口许可以及其他官方授权，并办理货物进口以及从他国过境的一切海关手续。 A3 运输合同与保险合同 B3 运输合同和保险合同 a） 运输合同 卖方必须订立一个货物运输合同，以将货物从交付地区的约定的任何的交付点，运送至指定的目的地，或者也可以运至指定地区约定的具体地点。 卖方必须自行承担费用，并按照通常条件订立运输合同，同时合同须依照通常路线及习惯方式来提供货物。 若未约定或按照惯例也不能确定具体的地点，则卖方可选择最符合其目的的交货点，以及在指定目的地的最适合其目的的交货点 b) 保险合同 卖方必须自付费用取得货物保险，该货物保险至少应按照协会货物保险条款（劳埃德市场协会/国际保险人协会）的条款或其他类似条款中的最低保险险别投保。保险合同应与信誉良好的保险人或保险公司订立，并赋予买方或任何其他对货物具有保险利益的人直接向保险人索赔的权利。 当买方提出要求时，卖方应要求并且根据买方所提供的必要信息，在可行的情况下，由买方付费给予买方加投额外的保险，比如给予协会货物保险条款（劳埃德市场协会/国际保险人协会）中的条款（A）或者（B）的险级保障或类似条款的险级保障，和/或给予协会战争条款和/或协会罢工条款或者其他类似条款的险级保障。 保险金额最低限度应包括合同规定价款的另加 10%（即 110%），并应采用合同中约定的货币。 保险应当包括，从 A4 和 A5 中规定的发货起点起，至少到达指定目的地的货物。 卖方应向买方提供保险单或者其他保险a)运输合同 买方对卖方没有义务制定运输合同。 b)保险合同 买方对卖方没有义务制定保险合同。但是，应卖方要求，买方必须按照 A3 b)的规定向卖方提供必要的信息，以便卖方应买方之要求购买任何额外的保险。 范围的证据。 此外，卖方必须根据买方的要求、风险和费用（如果有的话），向买方提供买方需要投资额外保险的信息。 A4 交货 卖方必须按照约定日期或期限，向按照A3规定订立合同的承运人交货 B4 受领货物(接收货物) 买方必须在卖方按照 A4 规定交货时受领货物，并在指定的目的地从承运人处收受货物。 A5 风险转移 卖方在按照 A4 的规定交付商品之前，承担所有的货物毁损或灭失责任，但货物的毁损或灭失是由于 B5 所述的情况的除外。 B5 风险转移 买方承担按照 A4 规定交货后货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。 买方如未按照 B7 规定通知卖方，则必须从约定的交货日期或交货期限届满之日起，承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，但以该项货物明确的规定为合同项下之货物为限。 A6 费用划分 卖方必须支付 a) 直至按照 A4 的规定交货为止前与货物有关的一切费用，除 B6 中规定的买家所需支付的费用； b) 按照 A3 a)规定所发生的运费和其他一切费用，包括装船费和根据运输合同应由卖方支付的在目的地的卸货费； c) 按照 A3 b)规定所发生的保险费用；及 d) 在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口需要办理的海关手续费用，以及货物出口时应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及根据运输合同由卖方支付的货物从他国过境的费用。 B6 费用划分 根据 A3 a)的规定，买方应当支付 a)根据 A4 规定的从交货时起与货物有关的一切费用，除了在可适用情况下，货物出口所需的海关手续费用，以及关税、税额和 A6 中规定的出口所应支付的其他费用应由卖方支付 b)及货物在运输途中直至到达约定目的地为止的一切费用，除非这些费用根据运输合同约定应由卖方支付 c)及卸载费，除非这些费用根据运输合同约定应由卖方支付 d)如买方未按照 B7 规定给予卖方通知，则自约定的装运日期或装运期限届满之日起，货物所发生的任何额外费用，但以该项货物已经清楚地确定为合同项下的货物为限； e)在需要办理海关手续时，货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，及办理海关手续的费用，以及从 他国过境的费用，除非这些费用已包括在运输合同中。及 f)在 A3 和 B3 之下，应买方要求购买任何额外保险的费用 A7 通知买方 卖方必须通知买方货物已按照 A4 规定交货。 买方必须给予买方任何有必要的通知，以便买方能够为接收货物而采取通常必要的措施 B7 通知卖方 一旦买方有权决定发运货物的时间和或指定的目的地/或接收货物目的地的具体地点，买方必须就此给予卖方充分通知。 A8 交货凭证 如果依习惯或按照买方要求，卖方必须自付费用向买方提供按照 A3 订立的运输合同所涉及的通常运输单据 这份运输单据必须包括合同货物并且要在约定的运输期间内签署。如果依照约定或习惯，这份单据也必须要让买方能在确定的地点向运输方领取货物，并且还要让买方能通过转让单据给下一个买家或告知运输方的方式卖出货物。 当这样一份单据以协商的形式订立并且有若干原件的时候，必须向买方提供所有原件。 B8 提货证据 买方必须接受按照 A8 规定提供的运输单据，如果该单据符合合同规定的话。 A9 检查、包装、标志 卖方必须支付为按照 A4 规定交货所需进行的查对费用（如核对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数的费用）以及出口国有关机关的装运前的强制检验费用。 卖方必须自付费用，包装货物，除非按照相关行业惯例此类买卖货物无需包装发运。卖方可以以适合运输的方式包装货物，除非买方在销售合同签订前通知卖方具体的包装要求。包装应作适当标记。 B9 货物检验 买方必须支付任何强制性装运前检验费用，但出口国有关当局强制进行的检验除外。 A10 信息帮助和相关费用 如有需要,应买方的要求并由其负担风险B10 信息帮助和相关费用 买方必须及时通知卖方任何安全信息 与费用,卖方必须以适时的方法,提供或协助买方取得任何单据或信息，包括与货物出口安全或/和货物运送至最终目的地所需有关的信息,。 卖方必须补偿买方依 B10 的情况因提供或给予协助取得所需之单据或信息的所有费用。 要求，以使卖方遵守 A10 的规定. 买方必须偿付卖方因给予协助和获取A10 所述单据和信息所发生的一切费用. 当需要时，应卖方要求并由其承担风险和费用，买方必须及时向卖方提供或协助卖方获得任何单据和信息，包括卖方为了货物的运输和出口和从他国过境所需要的与安全相关的信息。 DAT Delivered at Terminal (insert named terminal at port or place of destination) GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Delivered at Terminal” means that the seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination. “Terminal” includes any place, whether cover ed or not, such as a quay, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at the terminal at the named port or place of destination. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the terminal and, if possible, a specific point within the terminal at the agreed port or place of destination, as the risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure a contract of carriage that matches this choice precisely. Moreover, if the parties intend the seller to bear the risks and costs involved in transporting and handling the goods from the terminal to another place, then the DAP or DDP rules should be used. DAT requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. DAT终点站交货（指定目的港或目的地） 此规则可用于选择的各种运输方式，也适用于选择的一个以上的运输方式。 “终点站交货”是指，卖方在指定的目的港或目的地的指定的终点站卸货后将货物交给买方处置即完成交货。“终点站”包括任何地方，无论约定或者不约定，包括码头，仓库，集装箱堆场或公路，铁路或空运货站。卖方应承担将货物运至指定的目的地和卸货所产生的一切风险和费用。 建议当事人尽量明确地指定终点站，如果可能，（指定）在约定的目的港或目的地的终点站内的一个特定地点，因为（货物）到达这一地点的风险是由卖方承担建议卖方签订一份与这样一种选择准确契合的运输合同。 此外，若当事人希望卖方承担从终点站到另一地点的运输及管理货物所产生的风险和费用，那么此时 DAP（目的地交货）或 DDP（完税后交货）规则应该被适用。 在必要的情况下，DAT 规则要求卖方办理货物出口清关手续。但是，卖方没有义务办理货物进口清关手续并支付任何进口税或办理任何进口报关手续。 A THE SELLER OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence and other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods and for their transport through any country prior to delivery. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named terminal at the agreed port or place of destination. If a specific terminal is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the terminal at B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the buyer must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been the agreed port or place of destination that best suits its purpose. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must unload the goods from the arriving means of transport and must then deliver them by placing them at the disposal of the buyer at the named terminal referred to in A3 a) at the port or place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) in addition to costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable delivered as envisaged in A4. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, then it bears all resulting risks of loss of or damage to the goods; or b) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4; b) any additional costs incurred by the seller if the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, or to give notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import of the goods. upon export and the costs for their transport through any country, prior to delivery in accordance with A4. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the sellers expense, with a document enabling the buyer to take delivery of the goods as envisaged in A4/B4. A9 Checking packaging marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery at the named terminal, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the delivery document provided as envisaged in A8. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the sellers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. A 卖方义务 B 买方义务 A1 卖方的一般义务 卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及合同可能要求的、证明货物符合合同规定的其他凭证。 如果在当事人约定或者依据商业惯例的情况下，A1A10 条款中提及的任何单据都可以是具有同等效力的电子记录或者手续。 B1 买方的一般义务 买方必须根据买卖合同中规定的货物价格履行交付义务。 如果买卖双方有约定或者有商业惯例的情况下，B1 至 B10 中提到的任何单据都可以是具有同等效力的电子记录或者手续。 A2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在必要的情况下，卖方必须自担风险和费用，在交货前取得任何出口许可证或其他官方许可，并且在需要办理海关手续时办理货物出口和从他国过境所需的一切海关手续。 B2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在必要的情况下，买方必须自担风险和费用，取得所需的进口许可证或其他官方许可证，并办理货物进口所需的一切海关手续。 A3 运输合同与保险合同 a) 运输合同 卖方必须自付费用订立运输合同，将货物运至指定目的港或目的地的指定终点站。如未约定或按照交易习惯也无法确定具体交货点，卖方可在目的港或目的地选择最符合其交易目的的终点站（交货）。 b) 保险合同 卖方没有为买方签订保险合同的义务。但是，卖方在买方的要求下，必须向买方提供买方借以获得保险服务的信息，其中如果存在风险和费用，一概由买方承担。 B3 运输合同和保险合同 a) 运输合同 买方没有为卖方签订运输合同的义务。 b）保险合同 买方没有为卖方签订保险合同的义务。但是如果卖方要求，买方则必须向卖方提供必要的关于获得保险的必要信息。 A4 交货 卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内，在目的港或目的地中按 A3 条 a）款所指定的终点站，将货物从交货的运输工具上卸下，并交给买方处置完成交货。 B4 受领货物(接收货物) 货物已按 A4 的规定交付时，买受人必须受领货物。 A5 风险转移 除了 B5 条所描述的（货物）灭失或损坏的情形外，卖方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至货物已经按照A4条的规定交付为止。 B5 风险转移 自货物已按 A4 条的规定交付时起，买方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。 如果买方未按 B2 条的规定履行义务，买方承担由此产生的货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。 如果买方未按 B7 条的规定给予通知，自约定的交付货物的日期或期间届满之日起，买方承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，但以该项货物已经被清楚地确定为合同货物为限。 A6 费用划分 卖方必须支付 a）除了按 B6 条规定的由买方支付B6 费用划分 买方必须支付 a）自货物已按 A4 条的规定交付时 的费用外，包括因 A3 条 a）款产生的费用，以及直至货物已按 A4 条的规定交付为止而产生的一切与货物有关的费用；以及 b）在必要的情况下，在按照 A4 条规定的交货之前，货物出口需要办理的海关手续费用及货物出口时应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及货物经由他国过境运输的费用。 起，与货物有关的一切费用。 b）任何因买方未按 B2 条规定履行义务或未按 B7 条给予通知而使卖方额外支付的费用，但以该项货物已经被清楚地确定为合同货物为限；以及 c）在必要的情况下, 货物进口需要办理的海关手续费用及货物进口时应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用。 A7 通知买方 卖方必须提供买方需要的任何通知，以便买方能够为受领货物而采取通常必要的措施。 B7 通知卖方 一旦买方有权决定于约定期限内受领货物的时间点和/或于指定的目的地受领货物的具体位置，买方必须就此给予卖方充分通知。 A8 交货凭证 卖方必须自付费用向买方提供提货单据，使买方能够如同 A4 或 B4 条的规定提取货物 B8 提货证据 买方必须接受卖方提供的符合 A8 条款规定的交货单据 A9 检查、包装、标志 买方必须支付按 A4 条规定为交付货物目的所需的检查（如质检、度量、称重、计数）费用。同时，卖方也必须支付出口国当局强制进行的任何装船前检查所产生的费用。 卖方必须支出费用以包装货物，除非在特定贸易中所售货物通常以不包装的形式运输。卖方应该以适合运输的方式包装货物， 除非买方在买卖合同成立之前指定了具体的包装要求。包装应该被合理地标记。 B9 货物检验 买受人必须支付装船前强制检验的费用，但出口国当局强制装船前检验的除外。 A10 信息帮助和相关费用 卖方必须，在必要的情况下，根据买方的要求，及时向买方提供或者协助买方获得其所需的进口货物和/或将货物运输至目的地的任何单据和信息，包括与安全相关的信息，B10 信息帮助和相关费用 买方必须及时地告知卖方任何与货物安全信息要求相关的建议，以便于卖方可以遵守 A10 条的相关规定。 其中如果存在风险和费用，一概由买方承担。 卖方必须偿还按照 B10 条规定的买方因（向卖方）提供或协助（卖方）获得文件和信息所花费的一切费用。 买方必须偿还卖方依照 A10 条规定（向买方）提供或协助（买方）获得单据和信息的过程中所花费的一切成本和费用。 买方必须，在必要的情况下，依照卖方的要求，及时（向卖方）提供或者协助（卖方）获得其所需的运输和出口货物及经由他国过境运输的任何单据和信息，包括与安全相关的信息，其中如果存在风险和费用，一概由卖方承担。 DAP Delivered at Place(insert named place of destination) GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Delivered at Place” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. DAP requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. If the parties wish the seller to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty and carry out any import customs formalities, the DDP term should be used. DAP目的地交货（指定目的地） 导言 DAP是国际贸易术语解释通则 2010新添加的术语，取代了的 DAF2（边境交货）、DES3 （目的港船上交货）和 DDU4 （未完税交货）三个术语。 该规则的适用不考虑所选用的运输方式的种类，同时在选用的运输方式不止一种的情形下也能适用。 目的地交货的意思是：卖方在指定的交货地点，将仍处于交货的运输工具上尚未卸下的货物交给买方处置即完成交货。卖方须承担货物运至指定目的地的一切风险。 尽管卖方承担货物到达目的地前的风险，该规则仍建议双方将合意交货目的地指定尽量明确。建议卖方签订恰好匹配该种选择的运输合同。如果卖方按照运输合同承 受了货物在目的地的卸货费用，那么除非双方达成一致，卖方无权向买方追讨该笔费用。 在需要办理海关手续时（在必要时/适当时），DAP 规则要求应有卖方办理货物的出口清关手续，但卖方没有义务办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税或者办理任何进口海关手续，如果当事人希望卖方办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税和办理任何进口海关手续，则应适用 DDP 规则。 A THE SELLER OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence and other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods and for their transport through any country prior to delivery. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named place of destination or to the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination. If a specific point is not agreed or is not B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the buyer must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of destination that best suits its purpose. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods by placing them at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) in addition to costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, then it bears all resulting risks of loss of or damage to the goods; or b) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4; b) all costs of unloading necessary to take delivery of the goods from the arriving means of transport at the named place of destination, unless such costs were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; c) any additional costs incurred by the seller if the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2 or to give notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been and c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export and the costs for their transport through any country, prior to delivery in accordance with A4. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the sellers expense, with a document enabling the buyer to take delivery of the goods as envisaged in A4/B4. A9 Checking packaging marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of clearly identified as the contract goods; and d) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import of the goods. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery within the named place of destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the delivery document provided as envisaged in A8. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. for the seller, at the sellers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. A 卖方义务 B 买方义务 A1 卖方的一般义务 卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及该合同可能要求的其他凭证。 如果依当事人的协议或按照惯例，在A1-A10 条款中涉及到的任何单据均可以是具有同等效力的电子记录或程序。 B1 买方的一般义务 买方必须按照销售合同支付货物的价款。 如果依当事人的协议或按照惯例，在 B1-B10条款中涉及到的任何单据均可以是具有同等效力的电子记录和程序。 A2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在需要办理海关手续时,卖方必须自担风险和费用取得任何出口许可证或其他官方许可，并且办理出口货物和交付前运输通过某国所必须的一切海关手续。 B2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在需要办理海关手续时，买方必须自担风险和费用，取得任何进口许可证或其他官方许可，并且办理货物进口的一切海关手续。 A3 运输合同与保险合同 a)运输合同 卖方必须自付费用订立运输合同，将货物运至指定的交货地点。如未约定或按照惯例也无法确定指定的交货地点，则卖方可在指定的交货地点选择最适合其目的的交货点。 b)保险合同 卖方对买方没有义务订立保险合同。但是如果买方提出需要保险合同的要求，并且自己承担风险和费用，那么卖方应该提供订立保险合同需要的全部信息。 B3 运输合同和保险合同 a)运输合同 买方对卖方没有义务订立运输合同。 b)保险合同 买方对卖方没有义务订立保险合同。但是如果买方想获得保险，就必须向卖方提出自己需要保险的要求，并且向卖方提供必要的信息。 A4 交货 卖方必须在约定日期或期限内，在指定的交货地点，将仍处于约定地点的交货运输工具上尚未卸下的货物交给买方处置。 B4 受领货物(接收货物) 买方必须在卖方按照 A4 规定交货时受领货物。 A5 风险转移 除 B5 规定者外，卖方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至已经按照 A4 规定交货为止。 B5 风险转移 买方必须承担按照 A4 规定交货之时起货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。 如果 a) 买方没有履行 B2 中规定的义务，则买方承担所有货物灭失或者毁损的风险。 或者 b) 买方没有按照 B7 中的规定履行其告知义务，则必须从约定的交货日期或交货期限届满之日起，承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。但是必须确认上面所讲的货物是合同中所指的货物。 A6 费用划分 卖方必须支付 a) 除依 B6 规定由买方支付费用以外B6 费用划分 买方必须支付 a)自按照 A4 的规定交货时起与货物 的，按照 A3a)规定发生的费用及按照 A4 规定在目的地交货前与货物有关的一切费用； b) 根据运输合同约定，在目的地发生应由卖方支付的任何卸货费用，及 c) 在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口要办理的海关手续费用及货物出口时应交的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及按照 A4 规定交货前从他国过境的费用。 有关的一切费用； b)在指定目的地将货物从交货运输工具上卸下以受领货物的一切卸货费，除非这些费用按照运输合同是由卖方承担； c)在这项货物已清楚地确定为合同项下货物的条件下，若买方未能按照B2 规定履行义务或未按照 B7 规定给予卖方通知，卖方因此而产生的一切费用；及 d）在需要办理海关手续时，办理海关手续的费用及货物进口时应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用。 A7 通知买方 卖方必须给予买方必要的通知，以便买方能够为受领货物而采取通常必要的措施。 B7 通知卖方 一旦买方有权决定在约定期限内的时间和或在指定的受领货物的地点，买方必须就此给予卖方充分通知。 A8 交货凭证 卖方必须自付费用，按照 A4/B4 的规定，向买方提供买方可以据以提取货物的凭证。 B8 提货证据 买方必须接受卖方按照 A8 规定提供交货单据。 A9 检查、包装、标志 卖方必须支付为按照 A4 规定交货所需进行的查对费用（如核对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数的费用）以及出口国有关当局强制进行的检验的费用。 卖方必须自己负担货物包装费用，除非是在特定交易中通常无需包装货物的情况。卖方需要以适合于运输的方式包装货物，除非买方在买卖合同缔结之前告知卖方具体的包装方式。包装应作适当标记。 B9 货物检验 买方必须支付任何强制的装船前检验的费用，但出口国有关当局强制进行的检验除外。 A10 信息帮助和相关费用 在需要办理海关手续时，应买方要求B10 信息帮助和相关费用 买方必须及时告知卖方所有的安全 并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须及时为买方提供其在货物进口或货物运输过程中所需的各类文本及信息协助，包括相关安全信息。 在获取单据或信息时，卖方必须偿付买方按照 B10 规定提供或给予协助的所有费用。 信息需求以便卖方能够遵守 A10 的规定。在获取单据或信息时，买方必须偿付卖方按照 A10 规定提供或给予协助的所有费用。 应卖方要求并由其承担风险和费用，买方必须及时为卖方提供其在货物进口或货物运输过程中所需的各类单据及信息协助，包括相关安全信息。 DDP Delivered Duty Paid(insert named place of destination) GUIDANCE NOTE This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Delivered Duty Paid” means that the seller delivers the goods when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer, cleared for import on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the place of destination and has an obligation to clear the goods not only for export but also for import, to pay any duty for both export and import and to carry out all customs formalities. DDP represents the maximum obligation for the seller. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. The parties are well advised not to use DDP if the seller is unable directly or indirectly to obtain import clearance. If the parties wish the buyer to bear all risks and costs of import clearance, the DAP rule should be used. Any VAT or other taxes payable upon import are for the sellers account unless expressly agreed otherwise in the sales contract. DDP完税后交货（指定目的地） 导言 这条规则可以适用于任何一种运输方式，也可以适用于同时采用多种运输方式的情况。 “完税后交货”是指卖方在指定的目的地，将货物交给买方处置，并办理进口清关手续，准备好将在交货运输工具上的货物卸下交与买方，完成交货。卖方承担将货物运至指定的目的地的一切风险和费用，并有义务办理出口清关手续与进口清关手续，对进出口活动负责，以及办理一切海关手续。 DDP 术语下卖方承担最大责任。 因为到达指定地点过程中的费用和风险都由卖方承担，建议当事人尽可能明确地指定目的地。建议卖方在签订的运输合同中也正好符合上述选择的地点。如果卖方致使在目的地卸载货物的成本低于运输合同的约定，则卖方无权收回成本，当事人之间另有约定的除外。 如果卖方不能直接或间接地取得进口许可，不建议当事人使用 DDP 术语。 如果当事方希望买方承担进口的所有风险和费用，应使用 DAP 术语。 任何增值税或其他进口时需要支付的税项由卖方承担，合同另有约定的除外。 A THE SELLER OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export and import licence and other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods, for their transport through any country and for their import. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the buyer must provide assistance to the seller, at the sellers request, risk and expense, in obtaining any import licence or other official authorization for the import of the goods. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to The seller must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named place of destination or to the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination. If a specific point is not agreed or is not determined by practice, the seller may select the point at the named place of destination that best suits its purpose. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods by placing them at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the agreed point, if any, at the named place of destination on the agreed date or within the agreed period. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) in addition to costs resulting from A3 a), all costs relating to the goods until they have been the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2, then it bears all resulting risks of loss of or damage to the goods; or b) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4; b) all costs of unloading necessary to take delivery of the goods from the arriving means of transport at the named place of destination, unless such costs delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) any charges for unloading at the place of destination that were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; and c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export and import as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export and import of the goods, and the costs for their transport through any country prior to delivery in accordance with A4. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the sellers expense, with a document enabling the buyer to take delivery of the goods as envisaged in A4/B4. A9 Checking packaging marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export or of import. were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; and c) any additional costs incurred if it fails to fulfill its obligations in accordance with B2 or to give notice in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the point of taking delivery within the named place of destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer has no obligation to the seller to pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export or of import. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the transport of the goods to the final destination, where applicable, from the named place of destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the sellers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport, export and import of the goods and for their transport through any country. A 卖方义务 B 买方义务 A1 卖方的一般义务 卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及合同可能要求的，证明货物符合合同规定的其他凭证。 其他凭证指在 A1 至 A10 中双方达成B1 买方的一般义务 买方必须按照销售合同的规定支付商品的价款。 在双方协商同意或遵循惯例的情况下，B1 到 B10 中所提到的任何文件 共识的或习惯的具有同种作用的电子信息和程序。 可能是一种有同等作用的电子记录或程序。 A2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 需要办理海关手续时，卖方须自担风险费用，取得所有进出口许可证或其他官方许可，并办理进出口货物，在他国运输的一切必要海关手续。 B2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在合适的情况下，应卖方的请求买方必须向卖方提供援助，买方自担风险和费用，并且帮助卖方取得取得进口货物的许可证并办理官方的手续。 A3 运输合同与保险合同 运输合同 卖方必须自付费用订立运输合同，将货物运至指定目的地或者指定地点，若可以的话，到指定目的地。如未约定或按照惯例也无法确定具体交货点，则卖方可在的目的地选择最适合其目的的交货点。 保险合同 卖方没有义务与买方订立保险合同。但是，在在买方的要求下、买方承担风险或者费用（如果有的话）的情形下，卖方必须告知买方需要取得保险。 B3 运输合同和保险合同 a）运输合同 买方没有义务订立运输合同 b）保险合同 相对于卖方买方没有义务订立保险合同，但是应卖方请求，买方应提供关于保险的必要信息。 A4 交货 卖方必须在约定的日期或者期限内，在位于指定目的地的约定地点（如果有约定），将运输工具上准备卸下来的货物交与买方处置。 B4 受领货物(接收货物) 买方必须在卖方按照 A4 规定交货时，受领货物 A5 风险转移 除了 B5 所规定的情形以外，由卖方承担货物损毁或者灭失的所有风险，一直到货物已经按照 A4 的规定交货为止。 B5 风险转移 按照 A4 的规定受领货物之后，买方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险：如果 a)买方没有履行按照 B2 之规定的义务，那么他必须承担由此导致的货物灭失或者损坏的风险；或者 b)买方没有尽到 B7 所规定的通知义 务，那么他必须承担自约定的交货日期或者自交货期限届满之日起的货物灭失或损坏的风险。 前提是，货物必须已经证明是合同中规定的货物。 A6 费用划分 卖方必须支付的费用包括： a）除了由 A3 a）之外所产生的费用以外，直到货品按照 A4 的规定交货之前，所有相关的一切费用，不包括那些 B6 中所提到的由买方支付的费用； b）根据运输合同的规定，在交货地的任何卸货费用都有卖方承担。 c）在适用的情况下，出口和进口所必需的报关费用以及一切关税，税款和其他在出口和进口货品时应支付的费用，以及货品在交付之前，按照 A4的规定运输途中因通过其他国家所产生的费用。 B6 费用划分 买方必须支付 a)从货物被交付之日起与货物相关的全部费用，正如 A4 所设想的 b)在指定目的地卸载必需品的所有费用，包括从运输方式到接收货物整个过程的所有费用，除非按照运输合同，这些费用是由卖方支付； c)在货物已被确定为合同项下货物的前提下，如果没有按照 B2 履行其义务或没有按照 B7 发出通知所造成的额外的费用 A7 通知买方 卖方必须给予买方任何需要通知，以便买方能够为受领货物而采取通常必要的措施 B7 通知卖方 一旦买方有权确定在约定的期限内受领货物的具体时间和地点时，卖方必须就此给予买方充分的通知 A8 交货凭证 卖方必须自付费用向买方提供，带着单据使授予权利的买方为受领货物作为设想在 A4/B4。 B8 提货证据 买方必须接受按照 A8 中规定提供的交货凭证。 A9 检查、包装、标志 卖方必须支付为按照 A4 规定交货所需进行的查对费用（如核对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数的费用）以及任何由出口国当局强制进行的装运前检验费用。 卖方必须自付包装货物的费用，除非按照相关行业惯例，运送此类货物无B9 货物检验 买方无义务对卖方支付由进出口国家相关部门所规定的运前强制性检验货物的相关规定所引起的任何费用。 需包装即可销售。卖方可以按习惯用适合运输的方式来包装货物，除非买方在买卖合同签订之前告知了卖方特殊的包装要求。包装应作适当标记。 A10 信息帮助和相关费用 由买方提出要求并同时承担风险和费用，卖方必须及时给予买方协助，以帮助其获取任何所需的单据及信息，包括买方在货物从目的地约定区域至最终目的地的运输中需要办理海关手续时的相关投保信息。 卖方必须支付买方在为卖方获取 B10所规定的单据及信息而提供的协作中发生的一切费用。 B10 信息帮助和相关费用 买方应当及时把一切安全信息要求通知卖方以便卖方按照 A10 条款履行义务。 买方必须支付卖方为获取 A10 所述单据或信息提供协助时所发生的费用。 应卖方要求并由其承担风险和费用，买方必须在合适的地点及时对卖方提供协助，以帮助其取得货物进出口以及在任何国家运输过程中所需的一切单据和包括安全相关信息在内的所有信息。 RULES FOR SEA AND IINLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT FAS -Free Alongside Ship(insert named port of shipment) GUIDANCE NOTE This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Free Alongside Ship” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel ., on a quay or a barge) nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are alongside the ship, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the loading point at the named port of shipment, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller and these costs and associated handling charges may vary according to the practice of the port. The seller is required either to deliver the goods alongside the ship or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (string sales), particularly common in the commodity trades. Where the goods are in containers, it is typical for the seller to hand the goods over to the carrier at a terminal and not alongside the vessel. In such situations, the FAS rule would be inappropriate, and the FCA rule should be used. FAS requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. 适用于海运和内河运输的规则 FAS船边交货（指定装运港） 导言 这项规则仅适用于海运和内河运输。 “船边交货”是指卖方在指定装运港将货物交到买方指定的船边（例如码头上或驳船上），即完成交货。从那时起，货物灭失或损坏的风险发生转移，并且由买方承担所有费用。 当事方应当尽可能明确的在指定装运港指定出装货地点，这是因为到这一地点的费用与风险由卖方承担，并且根据港口交付惯例这些费用及相关的手续费可能会发生变化。 卖方在船边交付货物或者获得已经交付装运的货物。这里所谓的“获得”迎合了链式销售，在商品贸易中十分普遍。 当货物通过集装箱运输时，卖方通常在终点站将货物交给承运人，而不是在船边。在这种情况下，船边交货规则不适用，而应当适用货交承运人规则。 船边交货规则要求卖方在需要时办理货物出口清关手续。但是，卖方没有任何义务办理货物进口清关、支付任何进口税或者办理任何进口海关手续。 A THE SELLER OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer must contract, at its a) Contract of carriage The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyers risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them alongside the ship nominated by the buyer at the loading point, if any, indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port. If no specific loading point has been indicated by the buyer, the seller may select the point within the named port of shipment that best suits its purpose. If own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment, except where the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a). b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b); b) any additional costs incurred, either because: (i) the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, or (ii) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time, is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and c) where applicable, all duties, the parties have agreed that delivery should take place within a period, the buyer has the option to choose the date within that period. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must, at the buyers risk and expense, give the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the vessel has failed to take the goods within the time agreed. the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7; or b) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time, or fails to take the goods or closes for cargo earlier than the time taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point and, where necessary, the selected delivery time within the agreed period. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the sellers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, notified in accordance with B7; then the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the sellers expense, with the usual proof that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. Unless such proof is a transport document, the seller must provide assistance to the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document. A9 Checking packaging marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. A 卖方义务 B 买方义务 A1 卖方的一般义务 卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及合同可能要求的、证明货物符合合同规定的其他任何凭证。 如果双方达成协议或者是有惯例可循，A1 到 A10 条款中所述的单据可能是有同等效力的电子记录或手续。 B1 买方的一般义务 买方必须按照销售合同规定支付货物的价款。 如果双方达成协议或者是有惯例可循，B1 到 B2 条款中所述的单据可能是有同等效力的电子记录或手续。 A2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在需要办理海关手续时，卖方必须自担风险和费用，取得任何出口许可证或其他官方许可，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。 B2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在需要办理海关手续时，买方必须自担风险和费用，由买方取得任何进口许可证或其他官方许可，并办理货物进口和从他国过境所需的一 切海关手续。 A3 运输合同与保险合同 a） 运输合同 卖方没有订立运输合同的义务。但若买方要求，或者如果是商业惯例而买方未适时给予卖方相反指示，则卖方可按照通常条件订立运输合同，费用和风险由买方承当。在以上任何一种情况下，卖方都可以拒绝订立此合同；如果拒绝，则应立即通知买方。 b） 保险合同 卖方没有订立保险合同的义务。但是应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用（如果有费用产生），卖方必须提供给买方订立保险时所需要的信息。 B3 运输合同和保险合同 a） 运输合同 买方必须自行承担运费，订立自指定装运港运输货物的合同。卖方按照 A3a）订立了运输合同时除外。 b） 保险合同 买方没有订立保险合同的义务。 A4 交货 卖方必须在买方指定的装运港，在买方指定的装货地点（如果有指定的装货地点），将货物交至买方指定的船边，或者取得已经交付的货物。不论用哪种方式，卖方必须在约定的日期或者期限内，按照该港的习惯方式交付货物。 如果买方没有指定特别的装货地点，卖方可以在指定的装运港内选择最符合其目的的地点。如果双方约定在一定时期内交付货物，则买方可以在约定时期内选择交货日期。 B4 受领货物(接收货物) 买方必须在卖方依照 A4 的规定交货时受领货物。 A5 风险转移 除 B5 规定的情况外，卖方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至已按照A4 规定交货为止。 B5 风险转移 自依照 A4 的规定交货时起，买方承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。 a) 如果买方没有按照 B7 的规定通知卖方；或者 b) 买方指定的船只未按时到达，或未接收货物，或较 B7 通知的时间提早停止装货； 那么自约定的交货日期或期限届满时起，如果明确确定该项货物为合同项下之货物，买方承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。 A6 费用划分 卖方必须支付： a）直至已经按照 A4 规定交货为止的与货物有关的一切费用，除了按照 B6规定的应由卖方支付的；及 b）在需要时，货物出口时办理的海关手续费用，及应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用. B6 费用划分 买方必须支付： a）自按照 A4 的规定交货时起的与货物有关的一切费用，除了 A6 中 b项规定的在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口需要办理的海关手续费用，及货物出口时应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用； b）因发生下列情况产生的一切额外费用： （）买方未按照 B7 规定及时通知卖方，及 （）在已经明确确定该项货物为合同项下之货物的情况下，买方指定的货船没有及时到达，无法装载货物，或早于 B7 规定的时间停止装货产生的费用。 c. 在需要时，货物进口时办理海关手续的费用及应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及从他国运输过境的费用。 A7 通知买方 由买方承担风险和费用，卖方必须给予买方关于货物已按 A4 规定交付或者船舶未能在约定的时间内接收货物的充分通知。 B7 通知卖方 买方必须给卖方关于船舶的名称、装船地点以及，如有必要，在约定期限内选定的交付时间的充分通知。 A8 交货凭证 卖方承担费用并向买方提供关于货物已按A4 规定交付的通常证明。 B8 提货证据 买方必须接受按照 A8 规定所提供的交付证明。 除非上述证明是运输单据，应买方请求并由买方承担风险和费用，卖方必须协助买方取得运输单据。 A9 检查、包装、标志 卖方必须支付为了按照 A4 规定交货所必须进行的核对费用（如核对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数的费用），还包括出口国有关当局强制进行的任何装运前的检验费用。 卖方必须自付货物包装费用，除非按照相关行业惯例，该种货物无需包装发运。卖方可以提供符合其安排的运输所要求的包装，除非买方在销售合同成交前已通知卖方具体的包装要求。包装应作适当标记。 B9 货物检验 买方必须支付任何装运前检验的费用，但出口国有关当局强制进行的检验除外。 A10 信息帮助和相关费用 有需要时，应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须及时的提供或给予买方协助，以帮助买方取得任何文件和信息，包括买方为了货物进口和/或运送到最终目的地所需要的与安全有关的信息。 卖方必须偿还买方所有因买方在提供或给予 B10 中规定的取得文件和信息方面的帮助时引起的花费和支出。 B10 信息帮助和相关费用 买方必须以及时的方式向卖方提出任何安全信息要求，这样卖方才可能遵守A10。 买方必须偿还卖方所有因其在提供或给予 A10 中规定的取得文件和信息方面的帮助时引起的花费和支出。 应卖方要求并由其承担风险和费用，买方必须在适当的时候以及时的方式提供或给予卖方协助，以帮助卖方取得任何文件和信息，包括卖方为了货物运输和出口以及运经任何国家所需要的与安全有关的信息。 FOB - Free on Board (insert named port of shipment) GUIDANCE NOTE This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Free on Board” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards. The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (string sales), particularly common in the commodity trades. FOB may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such situations, the FCA rule should be used. FOB requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. FOB船上交货（指定装运港） 导言 本规则只适用于海运或内河运输。 “船上交货”是指卖方在指定的装运港，将货物交致买方指定的船只上，或者指（中间销售商）设法获取这样交付的货物。一旦装船，买方将承担货物灭失或损坏造成的所有风险。 卖方被要求将货物交至船只上或者获得已经这样交付装运的货物。这里所谓的“获得”迎合了连是销售，在商品贸易中十分普遍。 FOB 不适用于货物在装船前移交给承运人的情形。比如，货物通过集装箱运输，并通常在目的地交付。在这些情形下，适用FCA 的规则。 在适用 FOB 时，销售商负责办理货物出口清关手续。但销售商无义务办理货物进口清关手续、缴纳进口关税或是办理任何进口报关手续。 A THE SELLER OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyers risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the loading point, if any, indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer must contract, at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment, except where the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a). b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If a) the buyer fails to notify the nomination of a vessel in accordance with B7; or b) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time to enable the seller to comply with A4, is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7; then, the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods: (i) from the agreed date, or in deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port. If no specific loading point has been indicated by the buyer, the seller may select the point within the named port of shipment that best suits its purpose. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must, at the buyers risk and expense, give the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the vessel has failed to take the goods within the time agreed. A8 Delivery document The seller must provide the buyer, at the sellers expense, with the usual proof that the goods have been delivered in the absence of an agreed date, (ii) from the date notified by the seller under A7 within the agreed period, or, if no such date has been notified, (iii) from the expiry date of any agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b); b) any additional costs incurred, either because: (i) the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, or (ii) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time, is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and c) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country. B7 Notices to the seller accordance with A4. Unless such proof is a transport document, the seller must provide assistance to the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document. A9 Checking packaging marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point and, where necessary, the selected delivery time within the agreed period. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided as envisaged in A8. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the sellers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. A 卖方义务 B 买方义务 A1 卖方的一般义务 卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票，以及合同可能要求的、证明货物符合合同规定的其他任何凭证。 根据双方合意或交易习惯任何 A1 至A10 条提及的单据都可以作为同等效力的电子凭证或手续。 B1 买方的一般义务 买方必须按照销售合同规定支付价款。 根据双方合意或交易习惯任何 B1 至B10 条提及的单据都可以作为同等效力的电子凭证或手续 A2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在条约适用的情况下，卖方必须自担风险和费用，取得任何出口许可证或其他官方许可，并办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。 B2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 如果适用，买方在自担风险和费用的情况下，自行决定是否取得任何进口许可证或其他官方许可，或办理货物进口和在必要时从他国过境时所需的一切海关手续。 A3 运输合同与保险合同 a)运输合同 卖方没有义务为买方订立运输合同。但如果是根据买方要求或交易习惯且买方没有及时提出相反要求，由买方承担风险和费用的情况下，卖方可以按一般条款为买方订立运输合同。在上述任一种情况下，卖方有权拒绝为买方订立运输合同，如果卖方订立运输合同，应及时通知买方。 b)保险合同 B3 运输合同和保险合同 a)运输合同 买方自己付费，必须签订从指定装运港运输货物的合同，除非卖方已经按照 A3 a)的规定制定了运输合同。 b)保险合同 买方没有义务向卖方提供保险合同。 卖方没有义务向买方提供保险合同。但是当买方要求的时候，卖方必须向买方提供买方 获得保险时所需要的信息，此时一切风险和费用（如果有的话）由买方承担。（修改：秦若曦）（2000版只说卖方无义务，2010 版附加了卖方在无义务的情况下必须向买方提供一些信息的说明） A4 交货 卖方必须将货物运到买方所指定的船只上，若有的话，就送到买方的指定装运港或由中间商获取这样的货物。在这两种情况下，卖方必须按约定的日期或期限内按照该港习惯方式运输到港口。 如果买方没有明确装运地，卖方可以在指定的装运港中选择最合目的的装运点。 B4 受领货物(接收货物) 买方必须在卖方 A4 中规定交货时受领货物 A5 风险转移 卖方要承担货物灭失或者损坏的全部风险，直至已经按照 A4 中的规定交付货物为止；但 B5 中规定的货物灭失或者损坏的情况除外。 B5 风险转移 自货物按照 A4 规定交付之时起，买方要承担货物灭失或损失的全部风险。 若： a)买方没有按照 B7 规定通知船只的指定；或， b)买方指定的船只没有按期到达，以致卖方无法履行 A4 规定；或（指定船只）没有接管货物；或者（指定船只）较按照 B7 通知的时间提早停止装货。 那么，自以下所述之日起买方承担货物灭失或损失的全部风险）： 1)自协议规定的日期起，若没有协议约定的日期， 2)则自卖方按照 A7 规定的协议期限 内的通知之日起，或者，若没有约定通知日期时， 3）则自任一约定的交付期限届满之日起， 但前提是，该货物已经被准确无疑地确定是合同规定之货物。 A6 费用划分 卖方必须支付： a）除由 B6 规定的理应由买方支付的以外，卖方必须支付货物有关的一切费用，直到已经按照 A4 规定交货为止；及 b）需要办理海关手续时，货物出口需要办理的海关手续费用及出口时应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用。 B6 费用划分 买方必须支付： a) 自按照 A4 规定交货之时起与货物有关的一切费用，除了需要办理海关手续时，货物出口需要办理的海关手续费用及出口时应交纳的一切关税、税款和在 A6 b)种提到的其他费用；及 b) 以下两种情形之一将导致额外费用： ()由于买方未能按照 B7 规定给予卖方相应的通知， ()买方指定的船只未按时到达，或未接收上述货物，或较按照 B7 通知的时间提早停止装货 除非该项货物已正式划归合同项下；及 需要办理海关手续时，货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，及货物进口时办理海关手续的费用，以及货物从他国过境的费用。 A7 通知买方 在由买方承担风险和费用，卖方必须给予买方说明货物已按照 A4 规定交货或者船只未能在约定的时间内接收上述货物的充分通知。 B7 通知卖方 买方必须给予卖方有关船名、装船点、以及需要时在约定期限内所选择的交货时间的充分通知。 A8 交货凭证 卖方必须自付费用向买方提供证明货物已按照 A4 规定交货的通常单B8 提货证据 买方必须接受按照 A8 规定提供的交货凭证。 据。 除非前项所述单据是运输单据，否则应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须给予买方协助，以取得运输单据。 A9 检查、包装、标志 卖方必须支付为按照 A4 规定交货所需进行的查对费用（如核对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数的费用），以及出口国有关当局强制进行的装运前检验的费用。 卖方必须自付费用，包装货物，除非按照相关行业惯例，运输的货物无需包装销售。卖方必须以适合运输的形式包装货物，除非买方在订立销售合同前已经告知卖方特定的包装要求。包装应作适当标记。 卖方必须自费包装货物,除非所运送的货物按照交易习惯属于无需包装的种类。卖方可以以适合运输该货物的方式包装它们,除非在销售合同签订之前买方通知了卖方的具体包装要求。包装必须做上适当的标记。 B9 货物检验 买方必须支付任何装运前检验的费用，但出口国有关当局强制进行的检验除外。 A10 信息帮助和相关费用 在适用的情况下，应买方要求并由其承当风险和费用，卖方必须及时地给予买方一切协助，以帮助其取得他们所需要的货物进口和/或运送到最终目的地的一切单据及信息。（包含与安全因素相关的信息） 卖方必须向买方支付所有买方因提供或帮助卖方得到 B10 中规定的单据或信息而产生的费用。 B10 信息帮助和相关费用 买方必须及时告诉卖方其对任何与安全有关的信息的要求,以使卖方可以遵循A10。 买方必须支付全部费用以及在 A10中规定的卖方提供和给予协助使买方获取单据和信息所发生的一切费用。 在适用的情况下，应卖方要求并由其承当风险和费用，买方必须及时地提供或给予买方一切协助，以帮助其取得他们所需要的货物的运送和出口以及过境运输的一切单据及信息。（包含与安全因素相关的信 息） CFR Cost and Freight (insert named port of destination) GUIDANCE NOTE This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rule and not when the goods reach the place of destination. This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. While the contract will always specify a destination port, it might not specify the port of shipment, which is where risk passes to the buyer. If the shipment port is of particular interest to the buyer, the parties are well advised to identify it as precisely as possible in the contract. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point at the agreed port of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the specified point at the port of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment to the destination. In addition, the seller is required either to make a contract of carriage or to procure such a contract. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (string sales), particularly common in the commodity trades. CFR may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such circumstances, the CPT rule should be used. CFR requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. CFR成本加运费付至（指定目的港） 导言 本规定只适用于海路及内陆水运。 成本加运费”是指卖方交付货物于船舶之上或采购已如此交付的货物，而货物损毁或灭失之风险从货物转移至船舶之上起转移，卖方应当承担并支付必要的成本加运费以使货物运送至目的港。 当使用 CPT,CIP,CFR 或 CIF 术语时，卖方在将货物交至已选定运输方式的运送者时，其义务即已履行，而非货物抵达目的地时方才履行。 本规则有两个关键点，因为风险转移地和运输成本的转移地是不同的。尽管合同中通常会确认一个目的港，而不一定确认却未必指定装运港，即风险转移给买方的地方。如果买方对装运港关乎买方的特殊利益（特别感兴趣），建议双方就此在合同中尽可能精确的加以确认。 建议双方对于目的港的问题尽可能准确确认，因为以此产生的成本加运费由卖方承担。订立与此项选择（目的港选择）精确相符的运输合同。如果因买方原因致使运输合同与卸货点基于目的港发生关系，那么除非双方达成一致，否则卖方无权从买方处收回这些费用。 成本加运费对于货物在装到船舶之上前即已交给（原为交付）承运人的情形可能不适用，例如通常在终点站（即抵达港、卸货点，区别于 port of destination）交付的集装箱货物。在这种情况下，宜使用 CPT 规则。（如当事各方无意越过船舷交货 ） 成本加运费原则要求卖方办理出口清关手续，若合适的话。但是，卖方无义务为货物办理进口清关、支付进口关税或者完成任何进口地海关的报关手续。 A THE SELLER OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. necessary for the export of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the sellers expense and provide for carriage by the usual route in a vessel of the type normally used for the transport of the type of goods sold. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port. A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with the necessary information for obtaining insurance. B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named port of destination. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods on board and any charges for unloading at the agreed port of discharge that were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; and c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any country that were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods. A8 Delivery document The seller must, at its own expense, provide the buyer without delay with the usual transport document for the agreed port of destination. This transport document must all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 c); b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the port of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; c) unloading costs including lighterage and wharfage charges, unless such costs and charges were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; d) any additional costs incurred if it fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage. B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for shipping the goods and/or the point of receiving the goods within the named port of destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the cover the contract goods, be dated within the period agreed for shipment, enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the port of destination and, unless otherwise agreed, enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier. When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer. A9 Checking packaging marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the sellers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. A 卖方义务 B 买方义务 A1 卖方的一般义务 卖方应当提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票，以及其他任何合同可能要求的证明货物符合合同要求的凭证。 如果买卖双方达成一致或者依照惯例，任何 A1A10 中所要求的单据都可以具有同等作用的电子讯息（记录或手续）出现。 B1 买方的一般义务 买方应当依销售合同支付商品价款。 如果买卖双方达成一致或者依照惯例，任何 B1B10 中所要求的单据都可以具有同等作用的电子讯息（记录或手续）出现。 A2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 若可能的话，卖方应当自担风险和费用，取得任何出口许可证或者其他官方授权，并办妥一切货物出口所必需的海关手续 B2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 若可能的话，买方有义务在自担风险与费用的情况下获得任何进口许可或其他的官方授权并为货物进口以及其在国内的运输办妥一切海关报关手续。 A3 运输合同与保险合同 a)运输合同 卖方应当在运输合同中约定一个协商一致的交付地点，若有的话如在B3 运输合同和保险合同 a) 运输合同：买方。无义务为卖方订立运输合同 b) 保险合同： 目的地的指定港口，或者，经双方同意在港口的任意地点。卖方应当自付费用，按照通常条件订立运输合同，经由惯常航线，将货物用通常用于供运输这类货物的船舶加以运输。 b)保险合同 卖方并无义务为买受人订立一份保险合同。但是，卖方应当按照买方的要求，在买方承担风险和费用（如果有的话）的前提下为其提供投保所需的的信息。 买方无义务为卖方订立保险合同。但是根据卖方请求，买方须提供投保所需要的必要信息。（双方均无义务为对方订立保险合同，但若对方要求，则均有义务提供必要信息。） A4 交货 卖方应当通过将货物装至船舶之上或促使货物以此种方式交付进行交付。在任何一种情形下，卖方应当在约定的日期或期间内依惯例（新增部分）交付。 B4 受领货物(接收货物) 买方必须在卖方按照 A4 规定交货时受领货物，并在指定目的港从承运人处收受货物。 A5 风险转移 除 B5 中描述的毁损灭失的情形之外，在货物按照 A4 的规定交付之前（2000 越过船舷前） ，卖方承担一切货物毁损灭失的风险。 B5 风险转移 买方必须承担货物按照 A4 规定交付后毁损灭失的一切风险。 如果买方未按照 B7 规定给予卖方通知，买方必须从约定的装运日期或装运期限届满之日起，承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，假如货物已被清楚地确定为合同中的货物（即特定物）。 A6 费用划分 卖方必须支付以下费用： a)所有在货物按照 A4 交付完成之前所产生的与之相关的费用，B6 中规定应由买方承担的可支付的部分除外。 b)货物运输费用及由 A3 a）之规定（即运输合同）而产生的一切其他费用，包括装载货物的费用，以及按照运输合同约定由卖方支付的在B6 费用划分 除 A3 条款第一项的规定费用之外，买方必须支付： a)从货物以在 A4 中规定的方式交付起与之有关的一切费用，除了出口所必要的清关费用，以及在 A6 第三款中所涉及的所需的一切关税、赋税及其他各项应付出口费用； b)货物在运输途中直至到达目的港为止的一切费用，除非这些费用根 约定卸货港口卸货产生的费用。 c)在适当的情况下，因海关手续产生的一切费用，以及出口货物所需缴纳的一切关税，税赋（注意两者之间区别）及其他应缴纳之费用（英美法特色，极尽罗列之能），以及根据运输合同应由卖方承担的因穿过任何国家所产生的过境费用。 据运输合同应由卖方支付。（无变化） c)卸货费用，包括驳船费和码头费，除非该成本和费用在运输合同是由卖方支付的。（无变化） d)任何额外的费用，如果（进一步规定）没有在既定日期或运送货物的既定期间的到期日前按照 B7 中的规定发出通知，但是（假如、倘若）货物已被清楚地确定为合同中的货物（即特定物，这里和 B5 是类似的）。及， e)在需要办理海关手续时，货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，及办理海关手续的费用，以及需要时从他国过境的费用，除非这些费用已包括在运输合同中。 （无变化） A7 通知买方 卖方应当给予买方所有/任何（后者更恰切，与 2000 年形成对比） 其需要的通知，以便买方能够采取通常必要的提货措施。 B7 通知卖方 每当能够在指定的目的港之内确定装运货物的时间或者接收货物的具体地点时，买方必须充分给予卖方通知。 A8 交货凭证 卖方应当自负费用的情况下，毫不迟疑（延误）地向买方提供表明载往约定目的港的通常运输单据。 这一运输单据须载明（包含）合同货物，其日期应在约定的装运期内，使买方得以在目的港向承运人提取货物（主张权利），并且除非另有约定，应使买方得以通过转让单据（提单）或通过通知承运人，向其后手买方（下家）出售在途货物。 如此运输单据为可以流通、可以议付形式（银行根据信用证付钱 ）或有数个正本，则应向买方提供全套B8 提货证据 买方必须接受按照 A8 规定提供的运输单据，如果该单据符合合同规定的话。（无变化） 正本。 A9 检查、包装、标志 卖方应当支付为遵循 A4 条款运输货物所需的进行核对的费用（比如核对 货 物 质 量 、 尺 寸 、 重 量 、 点数），同时还需支付国家出口机关规定的进行装船检查的费用。 卖方必须自付费用提供货物的包装，除非在此行业中这种货物无包装发运、销售是普遍的现象。卖方应当用适于运输的方式包装货物，除非买方在交易合同生效前对卖方提出了特殊的包装要求。包装应当适当（恰当更合适）标记。（直译容易出现歧义适当标记也可以理解为可标可不标。） B9 货物检验 买方必须支付任何装运前检验的费用，但出口国有关当局强制进行的检验除外。（无差异） A10 信息帮助和相关费用 卖方必须在可能的情况下及时应买方的要求，在卖方承担风险与费用的前提下，向买方提供帮助，以使买方能够获得任何单据与信息，包括买方进口货物或者为保证货物到达目的地所需的安全信息。（特点：大量的非限定性定语从句，难以按顺序直译“穿插翻译） 卖方应当偿付所有买方基于 B10 的义务提供单据或信息的帮助所产生的一切费用。（买方与卖方互相为对方为自己的帮助买单） B10 信息帮助和相关费用 买方必须在合适的时候告知卖方任何安全保障要求，以便卖方做到与第十项条款规定相符。 买方必须支付给卖方所有由卖方为获得与第十项条款相符的相关单据和信息所产生的费用和花费。 买方必须在合适的时候告知卖方任何安全保障要求，以便卖方做到与第十项条款规定相符。 （新增） 买方必须支付给卖方所有由卖方为获得与第十项条款相符的相关单据和信息所产生的费用和花费。 买方必须在合适的情况下，及时地提供给卖方帮助，以便根据卖方的要求，由卖方承担风险，费用条件下，获得任何单据和信息，包括与安全有关的信息，卖方运输和出口货物以及通过任何国境的信息。 （新增） CIF Cost Insurance and Freight (insert named port of destination) GUIDANCE NOTE This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyers risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The buyer should note that under CIF the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have more insurance protection, it will need either to agree as much expressly with the seller or to make its own extra insurance arrangements. When CPT, CIP, CFR, or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rule and not when the goods reach the place of destination. This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. While the contract will always specify a destination port, it might not specify the port of shipment, which is where risk passes to the buyer. If the shipment port is of particular interest to the buyer, the parties are well advised to identify it as precisely as possible in the contract. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point at the agreed port of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the specified point at the port of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment to the destination. In addition the seller is required either to make a contract of carriage or to procure such a contract. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (string sales), particularly common in the commodity trades. CIF may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such circumstances, the CIP rule should be used. CIF requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. CIF成本，保险加运费付至（指定目的港） 该术语仅适用于海运和内河运输。 “成本，保险费加运费”指卖方将货物装上船或指（中间销售商）设法获取这样交付的商品。货物灭失或损坏的风险在货物于装运港装船时转移向买方。卖方须自行订立运输合同，支付将货物装运至指定目的港所需的运费和费用。 卖方须订立货物在运输途中由买方承担的货物灭失或损坏风险的保险合同。买方须知晓在 CIF 规则下卖方有义务投保的险别仅是最低保险险别。如买方望得到更为充分的保险保障，则需与卖方明确地达成协议或者自行做出额外的保险安排。 当 CPT，CIP， CFR 或者 CIF 术语被适用时，卖方须在向承运方移交货物之时而非在货物抵达目的地时，履行已选择的术语相应规范的运输义务。 此规则因风险和费用分别于不同地点转移而具有以下两个关键点。合同惯常会指定相应的目的港，但可能不会进一步详细指明装运港，即风险向买方转移的地点。如买方对装运港尤为关注，那么合同双方最好在合同中尽可能精确地确定装运港。 当事人最好尽可能确定在约定的目的港内的交货地点，卖方承担至交货地点的费用。当事人应当在约定的目的地港口尽可能精准地检验，而由卖方承担检验费用。卖方应当签订确切适合的运输合同。如果卖方发生了运输合同之下的于指定目的港卸货费用，则卖方无需为买方支付该费用，除非当事人之间约定。 卖方必须将货物送至船上或者（由中间销售商）承接已经交付的货物并运送到目的地。除此之外，卖方必须签订一个运输合同或者提供这类的协议。这里的“提供”是为一系列的多项贸易过程（“连锁贸易”）服务，尤其在商品贸易中很普遍。 CIF 术语并不适用于货物在装上船以前就转交给承运人的情况，例如通常运到终点站交货的集装箱货物。在这样的情况下，应当适用 CIP 术语。 “成本、保险费加运费”术语要求卖方在适用的情况下办理货物出口清关手续。然而，卖方没有义务办理货物进口清关手续，缴纳任何进口关税或办理进口海关手续。 A THE SELLER OBLIGATIONS A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. A2 Licences, authorizations, B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. B2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and formalities Where applicable, it is up to the security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the sellers expense and provide for carriage by the usual route in a vessel of the type normally used for the transport of the type of goods sold. b) Contract of insurance The seller must obtain, at its own expense, cargo insurance complying at least with the minimum cover provided by Clauses (C) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses. The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and entitle the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, to claim directly from the insurer. When required by the buyer, the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, the buyer must provide the seller, upon request, with any information necessary for the seller to procure any additional insurance requested by the buyer as envisaged in A3 b). B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named port of destination. B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the seller shall, subject to the buyer providing any necessary information requested by the seller, provide at the buyers expense any additional cover, if procurable, such as cover as provided by Clauses (A) or (B) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses and/or cover complying with the Institute War Clauses and/or Institute Strikes Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar clauses. The insurance shall cover, at a minimum, the price provided in the contract plus 10% ., 110%) and shall be in the currency of the contract. The insurance shall cover the goods from the point of delivery set out in A4 and A5 to at least the named port of destination. The seller must provide the buyer with the insurance policy or other evidence of insurance cover. Moreover, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs to procure any additional insurance. A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port. A5 Transfer of risks contract goods. B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 d); b) all costs and charges relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the port of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; c) unloading costs including lighterage and wharfage charges, unless such costs and charges were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; d) any additional costs incurred if it fails to give notice in accordance with B7, from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and the costs for their transport through any country, unless included within the cost of the contract of carriage; and The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods on board and any charges for unloading at the agreed port of discharge that were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage; c) the costs of insurance resulting from A3 b); and d) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any country that were for the sellers account under the contract of carriage. A7 Notices to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods. A8 Delivery document The seller must, at its own f) the costs of any additional insurance procured at the buyers request under A3 b) and B3 b). B7 Notices to the seller The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine the time for shipping the goods and/or the point of receiving the goods within the named port of destination, give the seller sufficient notice thereof. B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the transport document provided as envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with the contract. B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export. B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security information requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the seller, at the sellers request, risk and expense, any expense provide the buyer without delay with the usual transport document for the agreed port of destination. This transport document must cover the contract goods, be dated within the period agreed for shipment, enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the port of destination and, unless otherwise agreed, enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier. When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer. A9 Checking packaging marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transport through any country. before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. A 卖方义务 B 买方义务 A1 卖方的一般义务 卖方必须提供符合销售合同的货物和商业发票，以及买卖合同可能要求的、证明货物符合合同规定的其他任何凭证。 在 A1-A10 中的任何单据都可能是在双方合意或习惯性用法中的同等作用的电子记录或程序。 B1 买方的一般义务 买方必须按照买卖合同规定支付价款。 在 B1-B10 中任何有关的文件都可能是在各部分或习惯性用法中使用的同等的电子记录或程序。 A2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 一些重要货物或国家间的运输办理海关手续。 在适用的时候，卖方须自负风险和费用，取得一切出口许可和其他官方许可，并办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续 B2 许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 在适当的时候，买方需要在自负风险和费用的前提下获得出口执照或其他政府许可并且办理所有出口货物的海关手续。 A3 运输合同与保险合同 a) 运输合同 卖家必须自行订立或者参照格式条款订立一个关于运输的合同，将货物从约定交付地（如果有）运输到目 的 地 的 指 定 港 口 （ 如 果 有 约定）。运输合同需按照通常条件订立，由卖方支付费用，并规定货物由通常可供运输合同所指货物类型的船只、经由惯常航线运输。 b) 保险合同 卖家须自付费用，按照至少符合协会货物保险条款（LMA/IUA）C 款或其他类似条款中规定的最低保险险别投保。这个保险应与信誉良好的保险人或保险公司订立，并保证买方或其他对货物具有保险利益的人有权直接向保险人索赔。 B3 运输合同和保险合同 a)运输合同 买方无订立运输合同的义务。 b) 保险合同 买方无订立保险合同的义务。但是，如果买方想附加同 A3b)中所描述的保险，就须根据卖方要求，提供给卖方任何附加该保险所需的信息。 应买方要求，并由买方负担费用且提供一切卖方需要的信息，则卖方应提供额外的保险，如果能投保的话，例如协会货物保险条款(LMA/IUA) 中的条款（A）或条款（B）或任何类似的条款中提供的保险和（或）与协会战争险条款和 （ 或 ) 协 会 罢 工 险 条 款 (LMA/IUA)或其他类似条款符合的保险。 最低保险金额应当包括合同中所规定 的 价 款 另 加 百 分 之 十 （ 即110%），并应用合同货币。 保险应当承保从规定于 A4 和 A5 条款中的发货点发出至少到指定的目的港的货物。 卖方必须提供给买方保险单或其他保险承保的证据。 此外，应买方的要求，并由买方自负风险及费用（如有）的情况下，卖方必须提供买方所需要的任何获取额外保险的信息。 A4 交货 卖方必须将货物放装船运送或者（由承运人）获取已经运送的货物，在上述任一情况下，卖方必须在合意日期或者在达成合意的期限B4 受领货物(接收货物) 买方在货物已经以 A4 规定的方式送达时受领货物，并必须在指定的目的港受领货物。 内依港口的习惯进行交付 A5 风险转移 卖方直到货物以 A4 规定的方式送达之前都要承担货物灭失或者损坏的风险，除非货物是在 B5 描述的情况下灭失或者损坏。 B5 风险转移 买方自货物按 A4 规定的方式送达后承担所有货物灭失或者损坏的风险。 如果买方未按照 B7 规定给予卖方通知，那买方就要从递送的合意日期或者递送合意期限届满之日起承担货物灭失或者损坏的风险，前提是货物必须被清楚地标明在合同项下货物。 A6 费用划分 卖方必须支付 a)除在 B6 中规定的应由买方支付的费用外的 与货物有关的一切费用，直至按A4 规定交货为止； b)费和按照 A3 a)规定的所有其他费用，包括在港口装载货物的费用以及根据运输合同由卖方支付的在约定卸货港的卸货费 c)A3 b) 规定所发生的保险费用 d)要办理海关手续时，货物出口需要办理的海关手续费以及出口应缴纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及根据运输合同规定的由卖方支付的货物从他国过境的费用。 B6 费用划分 除 A3 a)规定外，买方必须支付 a)照 A4 规定交货之时起与货物有关的一切费用，但不包括 A6 d)中规定的在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口需要办理的海关手续费以及出口应缴纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用； b)输至到达目的地港口过程中与货物有关的一切费用，运输合同中规定由卖方承担的除外。 c)运费和码头搬运费在内的卸货费用，运输合同中规定由卖方承担的除外。 d 照 B7 规定在约定日期或运送的协议期限到期时给予卖方相应通知而发生的任何额外费用，但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下为限。 e)要办理海关手续时，货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，货物进口需要办理的海关手续费，以及从他国过境的费用，已包含在运输合同所规定的费用中的除外。及 f)根据 A3 b)和 B3 b)，任何因买方要求而产生的附加保险费用。 A7 通知买方 卖方必须给予买方一切必要的通知，以便买方采取必要的措施来确保领受货物。 B7 通知卖方 当买方有权决定装运货物的时间和/或在目的港内接受货物的地点，买方必须给予卖方充分的通知。 A8 交货凭证 卖方必须自付费用，毫不迟延地向买方提供表明载往约定目的港的通常运输单据。此单据必须载明合同货物，其日期应在约定的装运期内，使买方得以在目的港向承运人提取货物，并且，除非另有约定，应使买方得以通过转让单据或通过通知承运人，向其后手买方出售在途货物。 如此运输单据有不同形式且有数份正本，则应向买方提供全套正本。 B8 提货证据 买方必须接受按照 A8 规定提供的运输单据，如果该单据符合合同规定的话。 A9 检查、包装、标志 卖方必须支付为了使运输货物符合A4 的要求而产生的所有核对费用（例如核对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数），以及出口国当局强制要求的运前检验。 卖方必须自负费用，包装货物，但所运输货物通常无须包装即可销售的除外。卖方应当采用使货物适宜运输的包装方式，除非买方在买卖合同签订前告知卖方以特定方式包装。包装应当适当标记。 B9 货物检验 买方必须支付所有强制性运前检验的费用，但出口国当局强制要求的检验除外 A10 信息帮助和相关费用 当适用的时候，应买方要求，并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须及时地提供或给予协助以帮助买方取得他们货物进口和/或运输至最终目的地所需要的，包括安全相关信息在内的一切单据和讯息。 对于买方由于的提供或是协助卖方获取 B10 所规定的所有相关单据和B10 信息帮助和相关费用 买方必须及时地告知卖方获取相关安全讯息的要求，以便卖方能够遵守 A10中的规定。 卖方由于履行 A10 所述的规定，提供和协助买方获得相关讯息所支出的费用，买方必须予以偿付。 应卖方要求，并由其承担风险和费 讯息而支出的所有的费用，卖方必须予以偿付 用，买方必须及时地提供或给予协助以使卖方获取其运输和货物出口通过任何国家所需要的，包括安全相关信息在内的一切单据和讯息。