音韵修辞汉语音韵修辞韵律韵律：（1）双声双声：两个相连的音节中，声母辅音相同，韵母不同。疏影横斜水清浅清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏黄昏。（2）叠韵叠韵：充当韵母的元音或元音加辅音相同，声母辅音不同。平林平林沙漠烟如织，寒山寒山一带伤心碧。（李白，菩萨蛮）拟声拟声“小弟弟，好玩呢，洋铜鼓，洋喇叭，买一个去。”引诱的声音，接着是“咚，咚，咚，-叭，叭，叭。”“当，当，当，”-“洋瓷面盆刮刮叫，四角一只真公道，乡亲，带一只去吧。”（叶圣陶，多收了三五斗）英语韵律修辞（1）Alliteration（压头韵）Pride and prejudiceMany are brash, but few are brave.First lady of Priorities and Proprieties.A booming bastion of business.Starlight on Skyline, Galaxy of Glamour.Glorious Profits allow Glamorous Pleasure.Jazzy in Jeans, Sassy in Sweater.（2）Assonance (元音韵): Repetition of vowels without repletion of consonantsWhile the morality of our mission was clear, the loyalty was not.（3）Consonance(辅音韵): Repetition or recurrence of consonants especially at the end of stressed syllables without the similar correspondence of vowels.Essex was thinking that it was a real stroke of luck to have Mac with a man whom the Russian already respected.翻译中的策略（1）对等翻译一只蚊子哼哼哼两只苍蝇嗡嗡嗡A mosquito hums and humsTwo flies drone and drone“哗啦”。桌子推翻了。Thump! A table was overturned!（2）转类The cart rumbled past. 大卡车轱辘辘地轱辘辘地驶过。“Whats that?” he suddenly exclaimed, hearing a rustle; and they both looked up.他听见一种沙沙的声音沙沙的声音，就突然喊道，“什么东西？”接着他们两个抬头看去。正中的门呀地呀地开了一半。The center door creaks half open.北风吹得呼呼的呼呼的。A north wind is whistling.试译下列句子We heard the machines whir.The train whistle tooted.The frogs in the fields outside the town were croaking cheerfully.The cock in the yard crowed its first found.John fell asleep almost immediately.The kids were crying loudly.汉译英她的脸唰地唰地红了。我说句实话罢。但哗啦哗啦哗啦哗啦大写口号理论的作家，我却觉得大抵是呆鸟。她见江华噗嗤笑噗嗤笑了，自己也忍不住地笑起来。英语诗歌中的韵律英语诗歌中的韵律尾韵I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For, so swiftly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight. Shall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or natures changing course untrimmed:But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst,Nor shall death brag thou wandrest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst,So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.抑扬和音步抑：非重读音节；扬：重读音节音步：两个（或三个）相邻音节（至少包括一个重读音节和一个非重读音节）构成一个音步(foot)，。抑扬格（轻重格）抑扬格（轻重格） Iambus 最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。 As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass,So deep / in luve / am I : And I / will luve / thee still,/ my dear, Till a / the seas / gang dry: 注:art=are thou=you luve=love theethou 的宾格 bonnie=beautifl a=all gang=go 扬抑格（重轻格）扬抑格（重轻格） Trochee每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。读音节构成。下例中为四音步扬抑格（少一个轻音节）。Tiger!/ Tiger!/ burning / bright In the / forests / of the / night 抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。如：三音步抑抑扬格读音节构成。如：三音步抑抑扬格Like a child / from the womb, Like a ghost / from the tombI arise / and unbuild / it again.五步抑扬格The curfew tolls the knell of parting dayThe lowing herd wind slowly oer the leaThe ploughman homeward plods his weary wayAnd leaves the world to darkness and to me (Thomas Gray)